UNIT 10: CNS
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STUDY GUIDE KEY
Intro to Unit
1. A) Neurons are amitotic
B) CNS cells are not “stuck together”, and are also very fragile, so
they need something to keep them packed together
C) Is essential to life &
personality!
2. A) Blood-brain barrier - usual body capillaries have large spaces between the cells that make
up the capillary walls; CNS capillaries don’t, so only nutrients, wastes, O 2 can pass through.
B) Cranial bones (occipital, parietal, temporal, frontal) & vertebral column.
C) CSF:
(1) Allows CNS to float so underside won’t get bruised
(2) Cushions CNS so brain and spinal cord won’t bump against bones during sudden
blows to head and trunk or sudden stops and starts.
(3) Carries extra glucose, O2, and antibodies.
D) Meninges
(1) dura mater - tough outer covering of CNS; is a sac just inside the bone.
(2) arachnoid - middle layer of the menginges; has an arachnoid membrane that fits just
next to the dura mater, and next to this membrane are thin fibers spaced far apart so
CSF can move in between and also blood vessels and nerves.
(3) Pia mater - soft, thin inner lining; adheres to all folds and ridges of the brain.
BRAIN STRUCTURES
3. Ventricles - hollow spaces in brain that contains CSF. Are 4
Gyri - ridges (higher areas) formed by the folds on the outside of the cerebrum.
Sulci - grooves (lower areas) formed by the folds on the outside of the cerebrum.
Fissure - deep groove or crevice in surface of the brain.
1
4/5.
7
1
6
9
8
2
10
14
First matching section:
6. hypothalamus
7. pons, midbrain
8. cerebellum
9. thalamus
10. medulla oblongata
11. corpus callosum
12. cerebal aquaduct
13. thalamus
14. choroid plexus
Second matching section:
24. massa intermedia
25. Foramen of Munro
26. longitudinal fissure
27. infundibulum
28. arbor vitae
29. colliculi
30. cerebral cortex
31. transverse fissure
32. 3rd ventricle
33. mammillary bodies
15. pons
16. hypothalamus
17. cerebrum
18. corpora quadrigemina
16. 4th ventricle
20. optic chiasma
21. pineal gland
22. pituitary
23. Septum pellucidum
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
RAS - SKIP THIS ONE
folia
brainstem
central canal
vermis
Midbrain
lateral ventricle
diencephalon
cerebellum
cerebral white matter
fornix
45. I. Olfactory - senses smell
II. Optic - senses light, color (sight)
III. Occulomotor - directs eye muscles, iris to cause pupil reflex
IV. Trochlear - directs large eye muscle
V. Trigiminal - directs chewing, provides sensory input from forehead & face
X. Vagus - “wanderer”; sends sympathetic responses to many thoracic and abdominal
organs
THE CEREBRUM- FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION KEY
46
Name of lobe + specific
area, if given:
How to find it:
Does what?
“Forehead” area
complex problem-solving,
judging consequences,
connects to “emotions” area
Superior, anterior part of lobe
learning repetitive motor skills
– walking, sports, typing, etc.
Posterior part of lobe, just in
front of central sulcus
Primary motor area – directs
motor neurons.
Frontal lobe;
prefrontal cortex area
Frontal lobe; premotor cortex
area
Frontal lobe; pre-central gyrus
Lower, central part of lobe
Directs speech by directing
motor neurons that connect to
muscles that form words; plans
other motor activities
Front part of lobe, just behind
central sulcus
Primary sensing area –
interprets stimuli and sends
interpretation to interpretive
area just posterior
Understanding what sensing
area receives; awareness of
environment.
Frontal lobe; Broca's area
Parietal lobe; post-central
gyrus
Parietal lobe;
Area of lobe behind post
central gyrus
Most posterior lobe of cortex
Interprets and understands
what is seen.
The lateral lobes of the cortex
Is part of one of these lobes
Understands language; stores
memory patterns associated
with sensations
Buried deep beneath above
lobes
Links reason with emotion –
integrates the two in directing
sexual behavior, fear,
pleasure, pain, fighting, etc.
Occipital lobe
Temporal lobe; Wernicke’s
area
Central Insula
46. 1. Motor areas - decide on an action and direct motor neurons in the PNS
2. Sensory areas - receive information from sensory neurons; person becomes aware of
stimulus that is sensed.
3. Association areas - think, integrate; i.e., acquire understanding about situations and
formulate plans to deal with them; also connects with emotional information from limbic
system.
48. Neurons in the sensory areas of the brain receive sensory neuron messages, then the brain
decides what to do, then neurons in the motor areas of the brain send messages to the
motor neurons.
49. opposite
50. False
52) paralysis of motor neurons on the left side of the body, Wouldn’t be able to give commands
to muscles on the left side of the body.
53) Temporal lobe; Wernicke’s area- language comprehension
54) He will not be able to do learned repetitive motor skills, like typing, and maybe even
walking. Physical therapy to re-learn them; i.e., establish new neural pathways.
55) Broca’s area -motor functions for speech