1 (d)
(i)
(ii)
MARKING SCHEME
PAPER 2
Item Scoring Criteria
1 (a) Able name the organelles P and Q organelles
Sample answers
P: Chloroplast
Q: Mitochondrion
1 (b) Able state a structural adaptation of P and Q to increase the efficiency of each function.
Sample answers
P: has granular structure and stroma to carry out photosynthesis process
Q: have folded inner layer to increase the amount of surface area to increase respiration rate
1 (c) (i)
(ii)
Able name the structure
Sample answers: Structure P
Able explain how P and Q maintain the balance of respiratory gas content in ccthe atmosphere.
Sample answers
P1: P / chloroplasts release oxygen through photosynthesis process then absorbed by Q / mitochondrion to undergo cell respiration
P2: Q / mitochondrion release carbon dioxide through the respiration process then absorbed by P / chloroplast in the process of photosynthesis
Able give the meaning of the point of compensation point.
Examples of answers
The point of view is the intensity of light when the rate of carbon dioxide production in respiration is the same as the rate of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis // The intensity of light where the rate of photosynthesis is equal to the rate of respiration
Able to predict possible plant conditions when respiration rates and photosynthesis are always at the point of compensation
Examples of answers
Growth does not apply// Causes death. 1
1
Marks
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 3
2
2
2
1
1(e) (i)
(ii)
Able state the importance of structure Q in cells R and S.
Sample answers
P1: Q provides energy for R to swim to fuses with the ovum
P2: Q provides energy for cell S to divide by mitosis for growth
Able to predict what happens when R cells carrying 24 chromosomes fuses with an ovum carrying 23 chromosomes in humans
Sample answers: Down syndrome / klinefelter syndrome
Total
1
1
1
NUM
2(a)
SCORING CRITERIA
Able to name the type of cell division for P and Q.
Suggested answer:
P: meiosis
Q: mitosis
2(b)(i) Able to name the part where P and Q processes occur in animals
Suggested answer:
P: Reproductive organs
Q: Cell soma / body cell
2(b)(ii) Able to state one important process P.
Suggested answer:
P: To produce gamet cells.
2(c)(i) Able to name X stage.
Answer: Metaphase 1
2(c)(ii) Able to draw chromosome positions at stage Y
Suggested answer:
Stage Y
1
1
1
1
1
12
1
1
MARKS
2
3
1
1
2
1
2
2(d)(i) Able to state a difference between process P and Q.
Suggested answer:
P
1. Crossing over between chromatids is not nearly as effective.
2. Four child cells are produced at the end of distribution.
Q
1. Crossover is invalid
2. Two child cells are produced at the end of the division.
1
1
2(e)(i)
Able to state the condition that occurs to the tissues or organs involved.
Suggested answer:
Cancer / abnormal tissue or organs / Uncontrollable mitosis
2(e)(ii) Able to explain the factors that cause the process in e (i)
Suggested answer:
F: Exposed to radioactive / ultraviolet / alpha / beta / gamma /
X ray // carcinogenic compounds / chemicals in cigarettes
E1: Cell conditions divide by mitosis repeatedly
E2: experienced mutation / defective
E3: due to the controlling gene producing a child's cell
abnormal.
E4: Forming tumors
E5: Attack, spread and destroy around it
E6: Malignant tumors / cancer
TOTAL
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
12
Max
3
1
Max
1
Item Scoring Criteria
3a(i) Able to name the type of variations
Answer:
Diagram 3.1 : Continuous variation
Diagram 3.2 Discontinuous variation
1
Marks
3
a(ii)
3(b)
3(c)
Able to explain why the size of each bananas are different
Suggested answer:
F:Each of bananas absorp the nutrient in different quantity
E: cause the rate of growth are different
The phenotype is controlled by a pair of allele
Fenotip dikawal oleh sepasang alel sahaja
The phenotypes are controlled by a large number of genes
Fenotip dikawal oleh bilangan gen yang banyak
The feature can not be inherited
Ciri tidak boleh diwarisi
Qualitative measurements, the characteristic present or not
Ukuran kualitatifkerana ciri itu hadir atau tidak
Able to name the disease and its symptoms
F1 : Down syndrome
S1 : down syndrome- mental retardation / wide forehead / slanted eyes / short nose / short fingers or
F2 : Turner syndrome
S2: female reproductive organs do not develop / infertile / secondary sexual characteristics of women are stunted
1
1
1
1
1
4√=3 m
3√=
2m
2√=.1
m
4
3(d) or
F3 : Klinefelter syndrome
S3: testis are not fully developed / infertility / have characteristics of females such as big breasts / secondary sexual characteristics stunted
Note : Any disease with correct symptoms
Able to explain the important of variation among living thing.
P1 to identify and classified each other
P2 to adapt the new environment`
P3 survival of species from predator and environment
P4 can explore new habitat
P5 can increase the prevention to disease
Total
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 2
Soalan
4(a)
Kriteria Pemarkahan
Able to explain double fertilization process in an angiosperm plant .
Suggested answer :
P1: Pollen germinate to produce pollen tube
P2: During elongation of the pollen tube, generative nucleus undergoes mitosis
P3: to form two male gametes
P4: First male gamete fertilized egg cell to form diploid zygote
P5: Second male gamete fertilized two polar nuclei to form triploid nucleus
4(b)(i) Able to state differences between P and Q.
Suggested answer :
4(b)(ii) organ
P
F: Ovule / female reproductive
P: development of female gamete / ovum occurs
Q
Anter / male reproductive organ
Development of male gamete / pollen occurs
Able to explain the development of embryo sac
Suggested answer:
P1: Megaspora / embryo sac mother cell undergoes meiosis
P2: to produce 4 haploid cells
P3: Three of them degenerate
P4: Only one cell develop and undergoes mitosis 3 times
P5: to form 8 haploid nuclei
.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Markah
Max 3
2
Max 3
3
12
5
4(c)(i) Able to explain the method used by the farmer
Suggested answer :
F: Parthenocarpy
P: Spray auxin hormone auksin to the ovary / stigma of the flower
4(c)(ii) Able to state an advantage and disadvantage of the method
Suggested answer:
Advantage :
Produce fruits in shorter time // Does not need pollination agents // produce seedless fruits
Disadvantage :
Unable to reproduce // Unable to continue survival of the species // no seeds
Total
1
1
1
1
12
2
2
Item
BBRr
BbRR
Scoring criteria
5(a) Able to state the genotype of rabbit T
BbRr
(b)(i) Able to complete the punnett’s square to show the genotype of offspring if rabbit offspring is self crossing
BBrr
BbRr
BbRr bbRR
Bbrr bbRr
(b)(ii) Able to describe Mendel’s Second Law
P1 two pair of alelles / BbRr which control the traits of fur’s colour and
eyes colour of the rabbit segregate independently of one another
during the formation of gametes
P2 traits of fur colour and eyes colour are inherited by the offspring
independently of one another
(c)(i) Able to state the characteristic of Down Syndrom Offspring
Short neck/slanted eyes/protruding tonque/mentally retarded 1
1
1
1
Marks
1
2
1
1
2
1
6
(c)(ii) Able to explain how a fault in the formation of sperm cell can cause this genetic disorder
P1 cause by chromosomal mutation
P2 during the meiosis I the number 21 homologous chromosome fail to
separate resulting sperm with 22 chromosomes
P3 fertilisation of this sperm with a normal ovum will produce a zygote
with 47 chromosome
(d)(i) Able to explain the difference in health between individual Y and normal individual
F individual Y is suffering from sickle cell anemia
P1 normal individu has a normal biconcave shape of red blood cell
whereas individu Y has a sickle shape of red blood cell
P2 biconcave shape of red blood cell can transport more oxygen whereas
sickle shape of red blood cell transport less oxygen
P3 individual Y cause cellular respiration becomes less efficient
P4 individual Y easily tired/look pale
1
1
1
1
1
(d)(ii) Able to suggest one way to overcome the problem in individual Y
Gene theraphy 1
Total
1
1
1
12
2
3
1
NUM SCORING CRITERIA
6 (a)(i) Able to explain the digestion process occur in Y
Sample answer:
F : Y is duodenum
P1 : Y/duodenum receives pancreatic juice from Z/Pancreas
P2 : Pancreatic juice contain pancreatic amylase, trypsin and lipase
P3 : Y /duodenum receives bile from bile duct
P4 : Bile provides a suitable pH / alkaline medium for enzymatic reaction in Y / duodenum
P5 : Pancreatic amylase hydrolyse starch into maltase
P6 : Trypsin hydrolyse polypeptides into peptide
P7 : Lipase hydrolysed lipid into glycerol and fatty acids
Any 4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
MARKS
Max
4
7
6 (a)(ii) Able to state what he should do to handle health problems that may arise from the removal of organ Z :
Sample answer:
F : Z is pancreas
F1 : no secretion of pancreatic juice
E1 : no pancreatic amylase / trypsin/ lipase
E2 : incomplete complete digestion of carbohydrate/protein and lipid
E3 : Absorption of nutrient //glucose/amino acid/fatty acids and glycerol cannot be occur// body will lacking of nutrient
F2 : no secretion of insulin /glucagon
E4 : blood sugar level cannot be regulate
He should :
P1 : Reduce the intake of high carbohydrate food / protein/ fatty food.
P2 : Get insulin injection when needed / if glucose level too high.
P3 : Get glucagon injection when needed / if glucose level too low.
P4 : Pancreas transplant
P5 : Eat more vegetables / fruits.
A ny 6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6 (b) Able to explain the menu is suitable for teenager.
F: Menu is suitable for a teenager
P1 : because it contains all classes of food such as
carbohydrate, protein, lipid, water, mineral, vitamin and fibre
in the correct proportions for the daily requirements of the
body // it a balanced diet.
P2 : Rice/chapati/biscuit/sandwich/ sugar/honey contain
carbohydrate
P3 : carbohydrates supply energy for daily activities.
P4 : Milk/ almond/ dal /curd/ peanuts contain protein
P5 : protein is needed for formation new tissue/ repaired damage tissue
P6: Milk/curd contain calcium
P7 : for strong bone growth
P8: Ghee contain fat
P9: Fat provide energy for teenager // act as heat insulator// solvent for lipid soluble vitamins
P10: Fresh fruits, Green Salad and Green Leafy Vegetables contain vitamins / minerals
P10 : to maintain a good health
P11 : Fresh fruits, Green Salad and Green Leafy Vegetables contain fibre
P12 : Fibre to prevent constipation
P13 : Green Salad and Green Leafy Vegetables contain rich in ferum / iron
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Max
6
8
P14 : ferum is needed to synthesis hemoglobin in the red blood cells.
P15 : Carrots and papaya consist of vitamin A to prevent night blindness
1
F + Any 9 P’s
1
Max
10
TOTAL 20 marks
Item
7(a)
Scoring Criteria
Able to compare between the blood vessel P (pulmonary vein ) and blood vessel Q (aorta)
Sample answers :
Similarities:
S1 : both carries oxygenated blood
S2 : the walls made up of smooth muscle
Differences:
Blood vessel Q Blood vessel P
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
Aorta
Transport blood away from heart
Thick muscular wall // elasic
To withstand high pressure
Lumen size/diameter is small
Pulmonary vein
Transport blood into the heart
Thin muscular wall // inelastic
For low blood pressure
Lumen size/diameter is large
D6
D7
No valves
Carries blood from the heart to all parts of the body
Have valves
Carries blood from the lungs to the heart
At least 1S and any 5D
7(b) Able to explain health problem faced by a person with defect heart as shown in Diagram 7.2
Sample answers:
P1 : have three chambers // not have left and right ventricle // no
septum
P2 : (When the heart beats, some of the) blood in left atrium
and right atrium flow into the ventricle
P3 : Allow the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
P4 : Blood flow at lower pressure
P5 : Less oxygen reaching the body cells // less oxygen transport to
body cell
P6: causes less energy is generated
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Marks
6m
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6m
9
P7 : Fatigue /tiredness
P8 : Tiring /faint easily during physical activity
P9 : Shortness of breath
P10 : A build up of blood and fluid in the lungs
P11 : Swelling in the ankles/ feet/legs/ abdomen/ veins in the
neck
( any 6)
7(c)(i) Able to explain how the cells in the tissue help the tissue to function
Sample answer :
F - Phloem tissue
P1 - consists of sieve tube and companion cells
P2 - The sieve tube consists of cytoplasmic threads
P3 - containing dissolved food / food samples / glucose / dissolve
organic substances
P4 - and the filter plate into the cytoplasm thread / connecting
cytoplasm of the filter cells
P5 - companion cells contain many mitochondria
P6 - Helps to provide energy for food transport in the filter cell
( Any 4 )
7(c)(ii) Able to explain the differences in the structure of leaf tissue of the terrestrial plant with the aquatic plants.
Sample answers :
F1 : Leaf plant leaves have a mosaic structure / do not overlap // small
and numerous leaves while each leaf of aquatic plants has long
stems / grows diverging from one another // the broad leaves
P1 : So that every leaf will get maximum sunlight.
F2 : Stoma on the leaves of aquatic plants is widely found on the
Upper epidermis / surface, while on the leaves of land plants,
stoma is abundantly found on the lower epidermis / surface.
P2 : Enables respiratory gas exchange to continue (between air
space in the air with air around)
F3 : The leaves of aquatic plants have more / larger air space in
the leaves compared to the leaves of the terrestrial plants //
vise verses
P3 : Facilitate / allow the leaves of plants to float on the surface
of the water. // Provide support to aquatic plants.
F4 : Terrestrial plant leaves have thicker cuticle than aquatic
plants.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4m
4m
10
P4 : (Thicker cuticle) can prevent terrestrial plants from
excessive water loss (through the leaf surface).
( Any 4 )
1
TOTAL 20 marks
Num
8(a)
Scoring Criteria
Able to explain why the ecosystem has to be maintained.
Suggested answer:
P1 : Lake ecosystems are comprised of living organisms (biotic) communities, such as big fish, small fish, plankton, stork, several aquatic plant/lotus and land plants which interacts together as well as non-living components /abiotic such as sunlight, water source and temperature.
(Stating at least 3 live organisms / biotic components and one component of abiotic)
P2 : In this ecosystem, green plants water / Lotus absorbed sunlight
(energy) to carry out photosynthesis (to produce glucose as food )
P3 : Plants act as the producer to provide food to primary consumer / all the pond living organisms through the food chain.
P4 : The good flow of energy in the food chain can ensure the balance of ecosystem.
P5 : When one of the population of consumer is affected, it will affect the other population of organism in the food chain.
P6 : For example, when the population of the small fish decrease, it will decrease the food source of big fish.
P7 : If the population of big fish decrease, the food source of stork
will be affected/decrease
P8 : If the population of the small fish increase, it will decreases the
number of plankton/zooplankton/phytoplankton
P9 : then, decreases the population of producer
P10: the ecosystem become imbalance
P11: Green plants can reduce the concentration of carbon dioxide /
absorb carbon dioxide during the photosynthesis.
P12: Green plants release oxygen into the air.
P13: This will maintain the concentration of oxygen /and carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere.
P14 : The presence of land plants along the lakeside can shade the
lake from sunlight // lower the lake temperature
P15: (The ecosystem of the lake must be maintained) to prevent the
extinction of the flora and fauna .
1
1
Marks
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Any 8
Max:
8m
11
(b)(i) Able to e xplain the community X.
Sample answer :
P1: Community X is climax community
P2: A relatively stable community
P3: which is equilibrium with its environment
P4: Example (of a climax community) is tropical rainforest in
Malaysia
P5: All organisms interact with one another /interdependent each
other
P6: (A stable community that) undergoes little or no change in its
species composition
P7: Succession stops (at the climax stage)
P8: assuming that the environment does not change.
8(b)(ii) Able to discuss the good effect and bad effect of that development .
Sample answer:
Good Effect:
P1: Industrial / agriculture / factory to increase job opportunities /
increase the income.
P2: Boost the country economy/ Generates higher income for the
Nation
P3: Build / Develop residence to accommodate the increase in
population.
P4: Restructuring of infrastructure facilities / upgrade the
infrastructure/ more infrastructure will be built for more
conducive living//can give examples such school, hospital,
shopping mall, piping system and electricity
P5: Develop road system/ building the road to shorten travelling
time / reduce traffic jam.
P6: Increase the number of investor
Bad effect
F1: Air pollution will form acid rain
P1: Factories emit oxides of nitrogen /and sulphur dioxide into the atmosphere
P2: Aquatic organism will died due to the acid rain/acidic aquatic habitat
F2: Decrease in the area of paddy field / flora and fauna
P3: The mineral in the soil dissolved and flows into the river
P4: This will cause infertility of soil (soil erosion) // not suitable for agro activity// The productivity of agro activity will decrease
F3: Flash flood // landslides // loosen soil structure// shallowing of rivers will occur / the lost of nutrient resources
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Max:
3m
Max:
4m
Any 3
Any 4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
12
P5: The paddy field exposed to agents of the soil erosion during the heavy rain // soil particles flows into the river (and swallow the river bank)//the lost of catchment area for the rain water.
F4: Worsen the social / criminal problem
P6: The population of human increased // immigration
F5: Extinction of organism //the lost of certain animal and plant species
P7: Natural habitats of organisms / the ecosystem of organisms destroyed
F6: Green house effect// temperature increase//global warming
P8: the increasing of carbon dioxide content in atmosphere
F7: cause water pollution due to factory wastage
P9: reduce / decrease water quality
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8m
Any 8
Max:
Total 20m
Item Scoring Citeria Marks
9(a) (i) Student should be able to explain the effect when organ w fails to secrete hormone N for individual K and individual J and suggest treatment needed and explain why the treatment helps individual K and individual
J sample answer
F1: individual K and individual J have Diabetes mellitus
F2: Organ W is pancreas
1
1
P1: because organ W/ pancreas fail to secrete the insulin
hormone
P2: (absence of hormone N/ insulin hormone) cause excess
glucose not to be converted into glycogen
P8: stored in muscles and heart
P9: ( hormone insulin also ) will increase the uses of glucose
in respiration
P10: converts excess glucose into lipid
p11: level of glucose decreased back to normal
p12: this is negative feedback mechanism
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
P3: cause level of glucose in blood increase/ above normal
P4: treatment needed by individual K is taking medicine
orally
1
1
P5: individual J needs injection of insulin
P6: (hormone insulin) will convert excess glucose in blood
1
1
P7: into glycogen
Max
10 m
13
(b) Student should be able to justify the uses of synthetic hormones in agriculture.
F: Yes, should be used / agree
Advantages :
P1: ethylene hormone / auxin hormone is an example of major hormone in agriculture
F1 : hormone etilena use to mature the fruits in a shorter time /stimulate the ripening of fruit
P2: fruits ripen at the same time and in big quantities
P3: (ethylene hormone also) stimulate the germination of seeds
P4: easier to the farmer to take care the plant/ no intensive care necessary
F2:auxin hormone helps in elongation and growth of cells
P5:plants can grow faster and divide actively
P6:to produce tree that mature rapidly /save time of growth
P7: (hormone auxin also) helps in partenocarpy
P8:fruit without producing seeds
P9: no seeds so no possibility/ not dangerous for kids/ older people to swallow
P10: ( hormone auxin too ) helps farmers to produce trees which are smaller and healthier
Notes : F + any P’s
F: No / disagree
Disadvantages:
D1: excessive used of ethylene hormone will inhibit the growth // inhibit the development of root, leaves, stem and flowers.
D2: therefore, it will decrease the growth process of plant
D3: Decrease the quantities of fruit
D4: Fruit easy to rotten
D5: change the original taste of fruits // treated fruits use hormone so fruits are not as sweet as naturally ripens
D6: excessive use of auxin hormone will retard the growth of plant
D7: will decrease the productivity of plant
D8: will decrease the income of farmer
D9: it also cause unevenly growth of shoots.
D10: because only shoot which is not exposed to the sunlight will grow faster than exposed shoot
1
1
Notes : F + any D’s
Total
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Max
10 m
20
14
