e D a t e C l a s s N a m e D a t e C d o c r i n e S y s t e m a n d R e p r o d u c t i o A n d a p t e d R e a d i n g a n d S t u d y T h e E n d o c r i n e S y s t e m a n d R e p r o d u c t i o A n d a p t e d R e a d i n g a n d S t u d y 3. Is the following sentence true or false? Endocrine e E n d o c r i n e S y s t e 4. Circle the letter of the cells that hormones affect. a. cells of the stomach b. cells of the heart c. target cells m ) The endocrine system produces chemicals that control many of the body’s daily activities. The endocrine system also regulates long-term changes such as growth and development. K e y C o n c e p t : F ( The endocrine system is made up of glands. A gland is an organ that makes a chemical. Some glands release their chemicals into nearby tissues. Endocrine (EN duh krin) glands release their chemicals into the blood. • Hormones affect only certain cells. The cells affected by hormones are called target cells. • Answer the following questions. Use your textbook and the ideas above. 1. Glands that release hormones into the blood are called glands. P e a r s o n E d u c a t i o n , I n c . , p u b l i s h i n g a s P e 98 a r s o n P r e n t i c e H a l l . A l l e t s i 2 o 1 n 8 s – o 2 2 0 f E n d o c r i n e G l a n d s ) e y C o n c e p t : Each endocrine gland makes different hormones. So, each gland controls different body activities. • The hypothalamus (hy poh THAL uh mus) is in the brain. It controls all the other endocrine glands. The brain controls the endocrine system by controlling the hypothalamus. E • • The pituitary (pih TOO ih tehr ee) gland is just below the hypothalamus. It is controlled by the hypothalamus. Most pituitary hormones control other endocrine glands. A few pituitary hormones control body activities directly. For example, the pituitary gland makes growth hormone, which controls growth in children. Answer the following questions. Use your textbook and the ideas above. 5. Is the following sentence true or false? All endocrine 2. Circle the letter of what hormones do. a. make glands b. control activities in the body c. send messages to the brain © c g d Endocrine glands release hormones when the brain sends them messages. For example, the brain can trigger the release of adrenaline. This hormone helps the body respond to emergencies. • n a The endocrine glands include the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, thymus, and pancreas. They also include the ovaries in females and testes in males. K Chemicals made by endocrine glands are called hormones. Hormones control activities in the body. Hormones turn on, turn off, speed up, or slow down body activities. • u p glands make the same hormones. r i g h t s r e s e r v e d . T h h t a d e n n 8 glands are controlled by the brain. ) © P e a r s o n E d u c a t i o n , I n c . , p u b l i s h i n g a s P e 99 a r s o n P r e n t i c e H a l l . A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d . n 1 m R 2 a e d – s t e 1 s o 7 e 2 y p 1 2 S c 2 n – e r s o 6 n r e m 1 i o g 2 r i a r s c n p o e o d ( g d e H a n u p E c ( e S h t T y n i E s s e s o h l a ■ t T ■ n m e a m N N a m e D a t e C l a s s N a m e D a t e C T ■ h e E n d o c r i n e S y s t e m a n d R e p r o d u c t i o A n d a p t e d R e a d i n g a n d S t u d y 6. Read the words in the box. In each sentence below, ll in one of the words. hypothalamus pituitary endocrine a. The gland that makes growth hormone is the gland. b. The brain controls the endocrine system by controlling the N e g a t i v e F e e d b . a c k ( p a g e s 2 2 0 – 2 2 1 T h e E n d o c r i n e S y s t e m a n d R e p r o d u • e y C o n c e p t • c t i o A n d a p t e d R e a d i n g a n d S ) : Hypothalamus Body cells Thyroid gland If the thyroid gland were a furnace, the hypothalamus would be the thermostat. The hypothalamus senses when cells need more or less energy. The hypothalamus then signals the pituitary gland to release, or to stop releasing, a hormone that controls the thyroid gland. P e a r s o n E d u c a t i o n , I n c . , p u b l i s h i n g a s P e a 100 r s o n P r e n t i c e H a l l . A l l t u d y 8. The owchart shows the negative feedback loop that controls the thyroid gland. Fill in the blank with the name of the missing gland. The endocrine system works like a furnace and thermostat. When a house is cold, the thermostat signals the furnace to make heat. Once the house is warm, the thermostat signals the furnace to stop making heat. This is an example of negative feedback. In negative feedback, a system is turned on or off by the conditions that it produces. © s 7. How is the endocrine system like a furnace and thermostat? Circle the letter of the correct answer. a. Endocrine glands are turned on and off by their own hormones. b. Endocrine glands are controlled by body heat. c. Endocrine glands cannot work if they run out of fuel from the hypothalamus. Negative feedback controls the endocrine glands. The thyroid gland in the neck is a good example. One of the thyroid’s hormones controls how much energy cells have. When cells have too little energy, the thyroid gland releases its hormone. Once cells have enough energy, the thyroid stops releasing its hormone. • s Answer the following questions. Use your textbook and the ideas on page 100. Through negative feedback, when the amount of a particular hormone in the blood reaches a certain level, the endocrine system sends signals that stop the release of that hormone. K l a ■ r i g h t s r e s e r v e d . © P e a r s o n E d u c a t i o n , I n c . , p u b l i s h i n g a s P e a 101 r s o n P r e n t i c e H a l l . A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d .