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COMPARATIVE STUDY OF USAGE OF OUTRIGGER AND B-ELT TRUSS
SYSTEM FOR HIGH-RISE CONCRETE BUILDINGS
B Putlaiah1, P Hanuma2
1M.Tech,
Structural Engineering, Sri Sunflower College of Engineering and Technology, Lankapalli, Andhra
Pradesh
2Assistant Professor, Sri Sunflower College of Engineering and Technology, Lankapalli, Andhra Pradesh
--------------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract: Tall building development has been rapidly increasing worldwide introducing new challenges that need to be
met through engineering judgment. In Metro cities like Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai, Bangalore, Kolkata, Hyderabad etc multistoried buildings are common and in spite of that people are willing to stay in high rise buildings. The lateral stability of
tall building plays an important role in safe analysis and design. 3D model is generated in ETAB 2016. A relatively new
concept of Virtual Outrigger is introduced in this paper. In which, using only the belt truss in the building in order to
increase the performance of the building under the dynamic loads is studied. Emphasis is given to the various benefits of
employing Virtual Outriggers instead of Conventional ones. The building is strengthened in lateral direction by providing
Outrigger and Belt truss system at every 9 to 10 storey level. Two methods of analysis have been taken into account for
lateral stability analysis viz linear static and linear dynamic for both seismic and wind. The various parameters like (1)
Lateral displacement, (2) Maximum storey drift, (3) Storey shear forces, (4) storey moments and (5) Storey overturning
moments are considered for better understanding of Tall building when it is subjected to large seismic and wind forces.
Keywords: Outrigger, Belt truss system, Lateral stability, Maximum storey, Lateral displacement, Storey shear,
storey moments, Storey stiffness.
1. INTRODUCTION
Earthquake-resistant construction requires that
the building be properly grounded and connected through
its foundation to the earth. Building on loose sands or clays
is to be avoided, since those surfaces can cause excessive
movement and nonuniform stresses to develop during an
earthquake.
Rapid growth of infrastructure to
accommodate modern civilization is demanding tall
structures in cities. As the buildings are becoming taller
the problem of their lateral stability and sway has to be
tackled by engineering judgment. Structural system
development has evolved continuously to overcome the
problems related to lateral stability and sway, one such
structural system is outrigger and belt truss structural
system. The outrigger and belt truss structural system has
proved to be most promising structural system in resisting
problem related to lateral stability and sway.
The outrigger and belt truss system is
commonly used as one of the structural system to
effectively control the excessive drift due to lateral load, so
that, during small or medium lateral load due to either
wind or earthquake load, the risk of structural and nonstructural damage can be minimized. For high-rise
buildings, particularly in seismic active zone or wind load
dominant, this system can be chosen as an appropriate
structure.
The outrigger and belt truss system is one
of the lateral loads resisting system in which the external
columns are tied to the central core wall with very stiff
outriggers and belt truss at one or more levels. The belt
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truss tied the peripheral column of building while the
outriggers engage them with main or central shear wall.
The aim of this method is to reduce obstructed space
compared to the conventional method.
II. METHODOLOGY
Adequate and economical tall buildings
cannot be designed without taking into account the factors
that affect for the selection of structural system for tall
buildings. In modern tall buildings, lateral loads induced by
wind or earthquake are often resisted by a system of
coupled shear walls. The lateral load resisting system
effectively control the excessive drift due to lateral load, so
that, during small or medium lateral load due to either
wind or earthquake load, the risk of structural and nonstructural damage can be minimized. For high-rise
buildings, particularly in seismic active zone like northeast states of India and west India particularly north part
of Gujarat, the system that can be used to developed the
tall building.
Lateral Load Resisting System:
Following are the lateral load resisting system which can
be used in tall building:

Rigid frame system

Braced frame system

Shear wall frame system

Outrigger system

Tube system
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a. Frame tube system
b. Braced tube system
c. Bundled tube system
d. Trussed tube

Dia-grid Frame
Rigid Frame System:
Rigid frame construction provides many benefits,
such as decreased deflections, decreased internal bending
moments, and increased rigidity. However, the columns
are experiencing some degree of internal bending
themselves as the beams stay rigid.
Figure 2: Shear Wall Frame System
Outrigger System:
Today, all the tall buildings even Shanghai
tower has shear walls and the forces on such buildings are
magnanimous. So in order to take them under control all
the buildings have outriggers located at not just one but 2
or 3 different levels. Let me share a picture showing the
greater advantage of using an outrigger and how it can
help in reducing the thickness of core wall.
Figure 1: Frame Systems
Braced Frame System:
Braced frames are a very common form of
construction, being economic to construct and simple to
analyse. Economy comes from the inexpensive, nominally
pinned connections between beams and columns. Bracing,
which provides stability and resists lateral loads, may be
from diagonal steel members or, from a concrete 'core'. In
braced construction, beams and columns are designed
under vertical load only, assuming the bracing system
carries all lateral loads.
Shear Wall Frame System:
In this system RCC frame is braced with
Concrete Shear wall. The main reason to brace a shear wall
with RCC frame is to counter the effects of lateral loads
acting on a structures due to earthquake, wind etc. Shear
wall in its plane has tremendous load carrying capacity but
for out of its plane loads its capacity decreases i.e. its
moment resistance capacity decreases. Moments that are
resisted by wall are ultimately transferred to foundation
and as a large amount of moment has to be resisted by
shear wall, foundation of shear wall becomes heavy.
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Figure 1: Outrigger Systems
Tube System:
In structural engineering, the tube is a system where,
to resist lateral loads (wind, seismic, impact), a building is
designed to act like a hollow cylinder, cantilevered
perpendicular to the ground. Willis Tower, finished in
1973, introduced the bundled tube structural design and
was the world's tallest building until 1998.
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11
Loads
considered
building
Dead load , Live load ,
Wind load, Earthquake
in
12
50 m/s ( Bhuj wind
speed)
Wind Speed
13
Seismic Zone
14
Method
Analysis
15
Zone – V (Bhuj)
RESPONSE SPECTRUM
ANALYSIS
EQUIVALENT
STATIC
ANALYSIS
of
NON
Ductile
properties
STATIC
COMBINATION
USED
16
17
5 (Response reduction
factor )
1.2(Dead load + Live load
+ Earthquake in X
direction)
IS456
:2000,IS1893:2002,
IS
16700:2017,IS 875:1987
(Part 1, Part 2, Part 3)
IS codes used
Figure 2: Tube Structural Design Tower
PROBLEM STATEMENT:
7
0.0025
G+85
Geometric
Details
Ground Floor
Story to story
height
Beam
Columns (outer)
storey
4 mts
3.0 mts
0.75X0.75 mts
Story8
Types of Walls
Rectangle, Y shaped, C
shaped building
SHEAR Wall -130 mm
thickness
Masonry wall – 230 mm
thickness
Story16
the
0.0015
s
d
t
0.001
r
o
i
0.0005
r
f
e
t 0
y
259 mts
Story24
of
Story32
0.002
2304 sq.mts
Story40
6
Storey Drift in X direction in Zone 2
Story48
5
Office Building
Story56
4
Area
Height
Building
Shape of
Building
ZONE II RESULTS:
Story64
3
of

Story72
2
Type of location
Story80
1
Anatomical
details
Utility
Edifices
No of Storey
Story86
S No
III. RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS
Drift in
Rectangle
shaped in
X
Direction
Drift in Y
shaped
building
in X
Direction
Drift in C
shaped
building
in X
Direction
Graph 1: Storey Drift in X direction in Zone 2
0.80X0.80 mts
Columns (Inner)
Slab
8
9
10
Material Details
Concrete Grade
All Steel Grades
Type
Of
Construction
Place
of
construction
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0.60X0.60 mts
0.150 mts
M50
(All
structural
elements)
FE 500 (All structural
elements)
R.C.C
FRAMED
STRUCTURE
Bhuj - Gujurat.
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0.002
0.0018
0.0016
0.0014
0.0012
0.001
0.0008
0.0006
0.0004
0.0002
0
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Storey Drift in Y Direction in Zone 2
Drift in
Rectangl
e
shaped
in Y
Directio
n
Drift in Y
shaped
building
in Y
Directio
n
Drift in C
shaped
building
in Y
Directio
n
Building Moment in X Direction in Zone 2
Building Moment
9000000
in X Direction in
8000000
Rectangle shaped
7000000
building(MX) kN6000000
m
5000000
Building Moment
in X Direction in Y
4000000
shaped
3000000
building(MX) kN2000000
m
1000000
Building Moment
0
in X Direction in C
shaped
building(MX) kNm
Graph 2: Storey Drift in Y direction in Zone 2
Graph 5: Building Moment in X direction in Zone 2
Building Moment in Y direction in zone 2
9000000
Building Moment
8000000
in Y Direction in
Rectangle shaped
7000000
building(My) kN6000000
m
5000000
Building Moment
4000000
in Y Direction in Y
shaped
3000000
building(MY) kN2000000
m
1000000
Building Moment
0
in Y Direction in C
shaped
building(MY) kNm
Graph 3: Shear Force in X direction in Zone 2
Graph 6: Building Moment in Y direction in Zone 2
Shear Force in Y direction in Zone 2
80000
70000
60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
2500000
Shear Force in Y
Direction in
rectangle shaped
building kN
Shear Force in Y
Direction in Y
shaped building
kN
Shear Force in Y
Direction in C
shaped building
KN
|
Impact Factor value: 7.34
Building
Torsion in
Rectangle
shaped
building kN-m
Building
Torsion in Y
shaped
building kN-m
2000000
1500000
1000000
500000
Building
Torsion in C
shaped
building kN-m
0
Graph 4: Shear Force in Y direction in Zone 2
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Building Torsion in Zone 2
Graph 7: Building Torsion in Zone 2
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ZONE III:
120000
0.003
100000
Drift in X
direction in
rectangle
shaped
building
Drift in X
direction in C
shaped
building
0.0025
0.002
0.0015
0.001
0.0005
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
Drift in X
direction in Y
shaped
building
0
14000000
12000000
10000000
8000000
6000000
4000000
2000000
0
Drift in Y
direction in
rectangle
shaped
building
Drift in Y
direction in C
shaped
building
0.003
0.0025
0.002
0.0015
0.001
0
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
Building moment
in Y direction in
Rectangle shaped
building kN-m
Building moment
in Y direction in Y
shaped building
kN-m
Building moment
in Y direction in C
shaped building
kN-m
shear force in X
direction in
Rectangle
shaped building
kN
shear force in X
direction in C
shaped building
kN
120000
Building moment
in X direction in
Rectangle shaped
building kN-m
Building moment
in X direction in Y
shaped building
kN-m
Building moment
in X direction in C
shaped building
kN-m
14000000
12000000
10000000
8000000
6000000
4000000
2000000
0
Graph 9: Storey Drift in Y direction in Zone 3
140000
shear force in Y
direction in Y
shaped building
kN
Graph 12: Bending Moment in X direction in Zone 3
Drift in Y
direction in Y
shaped
building
0.0005
direction in C
shaped building
kN
Graph 11: Shear Force in Y direction in Zone 3
Graph 8: Storey Drift in X direction in Zone 3
0.0035
shear force in Y
direction in
Rectangle
shaped building
kN
shear force in Y
Graph 13: Bending Moment in Y direction in Zone 3
shear force in X
direction in Y
shaped building
kN
0
Graph 10: Shear Force in X direction in Zone 3
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Building Torsion
in Rectangle
shaped building
kN-m
Building Torsion
in Y shaped
building kN-m
4000000
3500000
3000000
2500000
2000000
1500000
1000000
500000
0
200000
180000
160000
140000
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
Building Torsion
inC shaped
building kN-m
Shear force in X
direction in
rectangle shaped
building kN
Shear force in X
direction in Y
shaped building
kN
Graph 14: Building Torsion in Zone 3

ZONE IV
Graph 17: Shear Force in X direction in Zone 4
0.0045
0.004
0.0035
0.003
0.0025
0.002
0.0015
0.001
0.0005
0
180000
160000
140000
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
Drift in X
direction in Y
saped building
Drift in X
direction in C
saped building
Drift in X
direction in
rectangle saped
building
Graph 15: Storey Drift in X direction in Zone 4
Graph 18: Shear Force in Y direction in Zone 4
Drift in Y
direction in
rectangle
saped
building
Drift in Y
direction in Y
saped
building
0.005
0.004
0.003
0.002
0.001
20000000
18000000
16000000
14000000
12000000
10000000
8000000
6000000
4000000
2000000
0
Drift in Y
direction in C
saped
building
0
Graph 16: Storey Drift in Y direction in Zone 4
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Shear force in Y
direction in
rectangle shaped
building kN
Shear force in Y
direction in Y
shaped building
kN
Shear force in Y
direction in C
shaped building
kN
Building moment
X direction in
Rectangle shaped
building kN-m
Building moment
in X Direction in Y
shaped building
kN-m
Building moment
in X direction in C
shaped building
kN-m
Graph 19: Bending Moment in X direction in Zone 4
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Building
moment in Y
Direction
Rectangle
shaped
building kN-m
Building
20000000
15000000
10000000
0.008
0.007
0.006
0.005
0.004
0.003
0.002
0.001
0
moment in Y
shaped
building kN-m
5000000
Drift in Y
direction in Y
shaped building
Drift in Y
direction in C
shaped building
Story86
Story80
Story72
Story64
Story56
Story48
Story40
Story32
Story24
Story16
Story8
Building
moment in C
shaped
building kN-m
0
Drift in Y
direction in
Rectangle shaped
building
Graph 20: Bending Moment in Y direction in Zone 4
Graph 23: Storey Drift in Y direction in Zone 5
300000
6000000
5000000
4000000
3000000
2000000
Building Torsion
in rectangle
shaped building
kN-m
250000
Building Torsion
in Y shaped
building kN-m
100000
200000
150000
50000
0
Story86
Story80
Story72
Story64
Story56
Story48
Story40
Story32
Story24
Story16
Story8
1000000
Building Torsion
in C shaped
building kN-m
0
Shear force in X
direction in
Rectangle
shaped building
kN
Shear force in X
direction in Y
shaped building
kN
Graph 24: Shear Force in X direction in Zone 5
250000
Graph 21: Building Torsion in Zone 4
Shear force in
Y direction in
Rectangle
shaped
building kN
Shear force in
Y direction in
Y shaped
building kN
200000
ZONE V
150000
100000
0.007
0.006
0.005
0.004
0.003
0.002
0.001
0
Drift in X
direction in
Rectangle shaped
building
50000
0
Story86
Story80
Story72
Story64
Story56
Story48
Story40
Story32
Story24
Story16
Story8

Shear force in X
direction in C
shaped building
kN
Drift in X
direction in Y
shaped building
Shear force in
Y direction in
C shaped
building kN
Graph 25: Shear Force in Y direction in Zone 5
Drift in X
direction in C
shaped building
30000000
25000000
20000000
15000000
10000000
5000000
0
Graph 22: Storey Drift in X direction in Zone 5
Building Moment in X
direction in Rectangle
shaped building kN-m
Building Moment in X
direction in Y shaped
building kN-m
Building Moment in X
direction in C shaped
building kN-m
Graph 26: Bending Moment in X direction in Zone 5
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outrigger at the top and second outrigger at the
middle of the structure height reduces
displacement by 65%.
For three dimensional structural model
subjected to the earthquake load, reduction in
lateral displacement can be achieved with
optimum location of the outrigger truss at the
top and 40TH level. (In order to improve the
performance of the structural aspect, the
maximum displacement at the top floor becomes
one of the most important factors affecting the
occupant’s comfort)
For the second optimum position of outrigger
base shear is significantly high compared to first
optimum position and bare frame with shear
wall. Shear wall stress and axial load in the
columns to the opposite side of the earthquake
direction.
Using second outrigger with 0.68h gives the
reduction of 16.65% and 13% for drift and
deflection. The optimum location of second
outrigger is middle height of the building.
The use of outrigger and belt truss system in
high rise buildings increase the stiffness and
make the structural form efficient under lateral
load.
The lateral bracing system consisting of core
with outriggers is one of the most efficient
systems used for high rise construction to resist
lateral forces caused by wind and earthquakes.
Outrigger beams connected to the core and
external
columns
are
relatively
more
complicated and it is understood that the
performance of such coupled wall systems
depends primarily on adequate stiffness and
strength of the outrigger beam.
30000000
Building Moment in Y
direction in Rectangle
shaped building kN-m
25000000
20000000
15000000
Building Moment in Y
direction in Y shaped
building kN-m
10000000
5000000
0
Building Moment in Y
direction in C shaped
building kN-m
Graph 27: Bending Moment in Y direction in Zone 5
9000000
8000000
7000000
6000000
5000000
4000000
3000000
2000000
1000000
0
Building Torsion
in Rectangle
shaped building
kN-m
Building Torsion
in Y shaped
building kN-m
Building Torsion
in C shaped
building kN-m
Graph 28: Building Torsion in Zone 5
BASE SHEAR:
1600000
1400000
1200000
1000000
800000
600000
400000
200000
0
V. CONCLUSIONS
After performing analysis and studying the results we can
come to the below conclusions:
BASE SHEAR BASE SHEAR BASE SHEAR
IN RECTANGLE IN Y SHAPED IN C SHAPED
SHAPED
BUILDING
BUILDING
BUILDING
Graph 29:Base Shear
IV. DISCUSSIONS
The use of outrigger and belt truss system in
high-rise buildings increase the stiffness and
makes the structural form efficient under lateral
load.
Single outrigger provided at the middle of the
structure height reduces the maximum
displacement by 56 %, while providing first
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The behavior of a formation under earthquake freight
is different from earthquake to Earthquake. This well
known phenomenon is well presented in the
tangential displacement results obtained for both of
the options.
The location of the outrigger beam has a critical
influence on the tangential behavior of the formation
under earthquake freight and the optimum outrigger
locations of the edifice have to be carefully selected in
the edifice design.
Comparison drift values both in the equivalent static
analysis and response spectrum analysis the drift
values show the less values in Rectangle shaped edifice
(symmetrical) in static analysis. The response
spectrum analysis shows much higher values due to
the combination of all forces including static and
dynamic freight.
Considering the shear force in the both static and
response spectrum analysis the static analysis is
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having the least values in negative as compared to the
response spectrum analysis.
The edifice minute demonstrates that the minute in
response spectrum having less quality as compared to
the static analysis.
Considering all the above results and graphs the best
reasonable formation is C formed edifice for the
unsymmetrical shapes as compared to other edifice Y
molded edifice both in static and response spectrum
technique.
The utilization of outrigger and belt truss scheme in
elevated formations increase the stiffness and make
the anatomical form efficient under tangential
burdens.
Outrigger scheme is observed to be efficient in
controlling the tangential freight s and has proved to
be Economical.
Considering all the above buildings the most advantage
building when compared to the other buildings types are Y
shaped building shows the least displacements, least
building moments so the most advantages building is Y
shaped building. When compared in all seismic zones of
India.





VI. REFERENCES
IS CODE BOOKS:



IS456:2000 Plain and Reinforced Concrete - Code of
Practice is an Indian Standard code of practice for
general structural use of plain and reinforced
concrete.
IS800:2007
Indian
Standard.
GENERAL
CONSTRUCTION IN. STEEL — CODE OF PRACTICE.
(Third Revision). ICS 77.140.01. Q BIS 2007.
IS16700:2017 ‘Criteria for Structural Safety of Tall
Concrete Buildings’


OTHER REFERENCES:





Shruti Badami and M.R. Suresh: “A Study on Behavior
of Structural Systems for Tall Buildings Subjected To
Lateral Loads”, International Journal of Engineering
Research & Technology (IJERT) Vol. 3 Issue 7, July –
2014
Thejaswini R.M. And Rashmi A.R.: “Analysis and
Comparison of different Lateral load resisting
structural Forms” International Journal of
Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) Vol. 4
Issue 7, July – 2015
Po Seng Kian, Frits Torang Siahaan: “The use of
outrigger and belt truss system for high-rise concrete
buildings”
N. Herath, N. Haritos, T. Ngo & P. Mendis: “Behaviour
of Outrigger Beams in High rise Buildings under
Earthquake
Loads”,
Australian
Earthquake
Engineering Society 2009
Kiran Kamath, N. Divya, Asha U Rao: “A Study on
Static and Dynamic Behavior of Outrigger Structural
System for Tall Buildings”, Bonfiring International
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

Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management
Science, Vol2, No 4, December 2012
Alpana L. Gawate J.P. Bhusari: “Behaviour of
outrigger structural system for high-rise building”,
International Journal of Modern Trends in
Engineering & Research, e-ISSN No.:2349-9745,
Date: 2-4 July, 2015
Vijaya Kumari Gowda M R and Manohar B C: “A Study
on Dynamic Analysis of Tall Structure with Belt Truss
Systems for Different Seismic Zones”, International
Journal of Engineering Research & Technology
(IJERT) Vol. 4 Issue 8, August – 2015
Kiran Kamath, Shashikumar Rao and Shruthi :
“Optimum Positioning of Outriggers to Reduce
Differential Column Shortening Due to Long Term
Effects in Tall Buildings”, International Journal of
Advanced Research in Science and Technology,
Volume 4, Issue 3, 2015, pp.353-357.
Abbas Haghollahi, Mohsen Besharat Ferdous and
Mehdi Kasiri: “Optimization of outrigger locations in
steel tall buildings subjected to earthquake loads”,
15th world conference of earthquake engineering
2012.
rateek N. Biradar, Mallikarjun S. Bhandiwad:“A
performance based study on static and dynamic
behaviour of outrigger structural system for tall
buildings”, International Research Journal of
Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Volume: 02
Issue: 05 | Aug-2015
Shivacharan K, Chandrakala S , Karthik N M:
“Optimum Position of Outrigger System for Tall
Vertical Irregularity Structures”, IOSR Journal of
Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Volume 12, Issue 2
Ver. II (Mar - Apr. 2015), PP 54-63
Abdul Karim Mulla and Shrinivas B.N: “A Study on
Outrigger System in a Tall R.C. Structure with Steel
Bracing”, International Journal of Engineering
Research & Technology (IJERT) Vol. 4 Issue 7, July –
2015
Dr. S. A. Halkude, Mr. C. G. Konapure and Ms. C. A.
Madgundi: “Effect of Seismicity on Irregular Shape
Structure” International Journal of Engineering
Research & Technology (IJERT) Vol. 3 Issue 6, June –
2014
Mr.Gururaj B. Katti and Dr. Basavraj Baapgol:
“Seismic Analysis of Multistoried RCC Buildings Due
to Mass Irregularity by Time History Analysis”,
International Journal of Engineering Research &
Technology (IJERT) Vol. 3 Issue 6, June – 2014.
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