Chapter 2 Cost Terms, Concepts, and Classifications
True/False Questions
1. The sum of all costs of manufacturing costs except direct materials is called
manufacturing overhead.
Ans: False
2. Conversion cost is the sum of direct labor and manufacturing overhead.
Ans: True
3. Prime cost is the sum of direct labor and manufacturing overhead.
Ans: False
4. Thread used in the production of mattresses, an indirect material, is classified as
manufacturing overhead.
Ans: True
5. Period costs are also known as inventoriable costs.
Ans: False
6. All costs in a merchandising company are period costs.
Ans: False
7. The cost of goods sold of a manufacturing company equals beginning finished goods
inventory + cost of goods manufactured - ending finished goods inventory.
Ans: True
8. A variable cost is constant if expressed on a per unit basis but the total dollar amount
changes as the number of units increases or decreases.
Ans: True
LO: 5
9. As activity increases within the relevant range, fixed costs remain constant on a per
unit basis.
Ans: False
LO: 5
10. Direct costs are often difficult to trace to the specific cost object under consideration.
Ans: False
LO: 6
11. All of the following are examples of opportunity costs: salary given up to start a
business; rental income given up when you live in a house you own; interest income
that could be earned on money spent for a car.
Ans: True
12. The amount that was paid by a company for a building to house its operations is an
example of a sunk cost.
Ans: True
13. The most effective way to minimize quality costs while maintaining high quality is to
avoid having quality problems in the first place. This is the reason for incurring
appraisal costs.
Ans: False
LO: 9
14. External failure costs are limited to the costs of repairing defective products that are
under warranty.
Ans: False
LO: 9
15. The costs of lost sales arising from poor quality are always included in quality cost
reports.
Ans: False
Multiple Choice Questions
16. The cost of the cushions that are used to manufacture sofas is best described as a:
A) manufacturing overhead cost.
B) period cost.
C) variable cost.
D) conversion cost.
Ans: C
17. Chezpere Company manufactures and sells washing machines. In order to make
assembly of the machines faster and easier, some of the metal parts in the machines
are coated with grease. How should the cost of this grease be classified?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Direct Material Cost Fixed Cost
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
No
Ans: D
LO: 1,5,6
18. A security guard's wages at a factory would be an example of:
A)
B)
C)
D)
Indirect labor Fixed manufacturing overhead
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Ans: B
LO: 1,5
Source: CPA, adapted
19. Manufacturing overhead includes:
A) all direct material, direct labor and administrative costs.
B) all manufacturing costs except direct labor.
C) all manufacturing costs except direct labor and direct materials.
D) all selling and administrative costs.
Ans: C
20. Materials used in the operation of a factory, such as cleaning supplies, that are not an
integral part of the final product should be classified as:
A) direct materials.
B) a period cost.
C) administrative expense.
D) manufacturing overhead.
Ans: D
21. The one cost that would be classified as part of both prime cost and conversion cost
would be:
A) indirect material.
B) direct labor.
C) direct material.
D) indirect labor.
Ans: B
22. Direct costs:
A) are incurred to benefit a particular accounting period.
B) are incurred due to a specific decision.
C) can be easily traced to a particular cost object.
D) are the variable costs of producing a product.
Ans: C
23. Prime costs consist of:
A) direct materials and the variable portion of manufacturing overhead.
B) direct labor and indirect labor.
C) indirect labor and the fixed portion of manufacturing overhead.
D) direct labor and direct materials.
Ans: D
24. Which of the following is NOT a period cost?
A) Monthly depreciation of the equipment in a fitness room used by factory
workers.
B) Salary of a billing clerk.
C) Insurance on a company showroom, where current and potential customers can
view new products.
D) Cost of a seminar concerning tax law updates that was attended by the
company's controller.
Ans: A
25. The annual insurance premium for the factory building would be a:
A) fixed cost, period cost, and indirect cost with regard to units of product.
B) fixed cost, product cost, and direct cost with regard to units of product.
C) variable cost, product cost, direct cost with regard to units of product.
D) fixed cost, product cost, indirect cost with regard to units of product.
Ans: D
LO: 2,5,6
26. Factory supplies in a manufacturing plant are most likely:
A) sunk costs.
B) period costs.
C) variable costs.
D) excluded from product costs.
Ans: C
LO: 2,5,7
27. All of the following are examples of product costs except:
A) depreciation on the company's retail outlets.
B) salary of the plant manager.
C) insurance on the factory equipment.
D) rental costs of the factory facility.
Ans: A
28. Inventoriable (i.e., product) costs that have become expenses can be found in:
A) period costs.
B) selling expenses.
C) cost of goods sold.
D) administrative expenses.
Ans: C
29. The fixed portion of the cost of electricity for a manufacturing plant is a:
A)
B)
C)
D)
Period cost Product cost
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Ans: C
Source: CPA, adapted
30. Which of the following statements about product costs is true?
A) Product costs are deducted from revenue when the production process is
completed.
B) Product costs are deducted from revenue as expenditures are made.
C) Product costs associated with unsold finished goods and work in process appear
on the balance sheet as assets.
D) Product costs appear on financial statements only when products are sold.
Ans: C
31. Conversion costs consist of:
A) direct and indirect labor.
B) direct labor and direct materials.
C) direct labor and manufacturing overhead.
D) prime costs and manufacturing overhead.
Ans: C
32. Which of the following is an example of a period cost?
A) Fabric used to produce men's pants.
B) Advertising cost for a new product campaign.
C) Factory supervisor's salary.
D) Monthly depreciation of production equipment.
Ans: B
33. In the preparation of the schedule of Cost of Goods Manufactured, the accountant
incorrectly included as part of manufacturing overhead the rental expense on the firm's
retail facilities. This inclusion would:
A) overstate period expenses on the income statement.
B) overstate the cost of goods sold on the income statement.
C) understate the cost of goods manufactured.
D) have no effect on the cost of goods manufactured.
Ans: B
34. Desco Electronics, Inc. manufactures car radios. The direct material cost assigned to
car radios that Desco started during the period but did not fully complete would be
found in the ending balance of:
A) raw materials inventory.
B) work in process inventory.
C) finished goods inventory.
D) both raw materials inventory and work in process inventory.
Ans: B
35. Rotonga Manufacturing Company leases a vehicle that it uses to deliver its finished
products to customers. Which of the following terms could be used to correctly
describe the monthly lease payments made on the delivery vehicle?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Direct Cost Fixed Cost
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
No
Ans: C
LO: 5,6
36. Within the relevant range, as the number of units produced increases:
A) the variable cost per unit remains the same.
B) fixed costs in total remain the same.
C) variable costs increase in total.
D) all of the above.
Ans: D
LO: 5
37. Which of the following production costs, if expressed on a per unit basis, would be
most likely to change significantly as the production level varies?
A) Direct materials.
B) Direct labor.
C) Fixed manufacturing overhead.
D) Responses A and B are both correct.
Ans: C
LO: 5
38. When the level of activity decreases within the relevant range, the fixed cost per unit
will:
A) decrease.
B) increase.
C) remain the same.
D) The effect cannot be predicted.
Ans: B
LO: 5
39. Which of the following is correct concerning reactions to INCREASES in activity?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Total Variable Cost Variable Cost Per Unit
Increases
Decreases
Constant
Decreases
Decreases
Constant
Increases
Constant
Ans: D
LO: 5
40. The distinction between indirect and direct costs depends on:
A) whether a cost differs between alternatives.
B) whether a cost is variable or fixed.
C) whether a cost is a product or a period cost.
D) whether a cost can be easily traced to the cost object under consideration.
Ans: D
LO: 6
41. An example of a fixed cost that would be considered a direct cost is:
A) a cost accountant's salary when the cost object is a unit of product.
B) the rental cost of a warehouse to store finished goods when the cost object is the
Purchasing Department.
C) a production supervisor's salary when the cost objective is the Production
Department.
D) Board of Directors' fees when the cost object is the Marketing Department.
Ans: C
LO: 6
42. Which of the following statements concerning direct and indirect costs is NOT true?
A) Whether a particular cost is classified as direct or indirect does not depend on
the cost object.
B) A direct cost is one that can be easily traced to the particular cost object.
C) The factory manager's salary would be classified as an indirect cost of producing
one unit of product.
D) A particular cost may be direct or indirect, depending on the cost object.
Ans: A
LO: 6
43. All of the cost categories listed below are usually found in a company's accounting
records, except for:
A) sunk costs.
B) inventoriable costs.
C) opportunity costs.
D) marketing costs.
Ans: C
44. Cobra Mining Company spent $200 million five years ago to develop underground
mining and milling operations in a remote area of a western state. Metals prices have
since declined precipitously and the company is considering abandoning the operation.
The term that would best describe the $200 million expenditure when considering the
abandonment decision is:
A) sunk cost.
B) variable cost.
C) differential cost.
D) opportunity cost.
Ans: A
45. In a decision-making situation involving an asset, which of the following costs is
generally NOT considered relevant to the decision and should be ignored?
A) Incremental cost of selecting one alternative over another.
B) Opportunity cost of using the asset in an alternative.
C) Differential cost between two alternatives.
D) The original cost of the asset.
Ans: D
46. A sunk cost is:
A) a cost that is planned to be incurred in the near future.
B) irrelevant for decision making.
C) a cost connected with drilling for oil.
D) affected by changes in the level of activity.
Ans: B
47. The potential benefit that is given up when one alternative is selected over another is
called:
A) A sunk cost.
B) An opportunity cost.
C) Both a sunk cost and an opportunity cost.
D) Neither a sunk cost nor an opportunity cost.
Ans: B
48. A direct labor overtime premium should be charged to a specific job when the
overtime is caused by the:
A) increased overall level of activity in the factory.
B) customer's requirement for early completion of the job.
C) management's failure to include the job in the production schedule.
D) management's requirement that the job be completed before the annual factory
closure due to vacation.
Ans: B
Source: CPA, adapted
49. The idle time cost of assembly line workers in a manufacturing company is usually
included as a part of:
A) selling cost.
B) direct labor cost.
C) administrative cost.
D) manufacturing overhead cost.
Ans: D
50. In preparing a quality cost report, the cost of employee's time spent in quality circles is
part of:
A) prevention costs.
B) appraisal costs.
C) internal failure costs.
D) external failure costs.
Ans: A
51. Which of the following would be classified as a prevention cost on a quality cost
report?
A) Net cost of spoilage.
B) Supervision of testing and inspection activities.
C) Liability arising from defective products.
D) Technical support provided to suppliers.
Ans: D
52. Which of the following would be classified as an internal failure cost on a quality cost
report?
A) Systems development.
B) Returns and allowances arising from quality problems.
C) Net cost of scrap.
D) Final product testing and inspection.
Ans: C
53. Which of the following would be classified as an external failure cost on a quality cost
report?
A) Depreciation of test equipment.
B) Repairs and replacements beyond the warranty period.
C) Supplies used in testing and inspection.
D) Re-entering data because of keying errors.
Ans: B
54. An increase in appraisal costs in a quality improvement program would usually have
the following initial effects on internal and external failure costs:
A)
B)
C)
D)
Internal failure costs External failure costs
Increase
Increase
Increase
Decrease
Decrease
Increase
Decrease
Decrease
Ans: B
LO: 9
55. The cost of testing incoming materials received from suppliers would be classified as
a(n):
A) prevention cost.
B) appraisal cost.
C) internal failure cost.
D) external failure cost.
Ans: B
LO: 9
56. In classifying the costs of quality at a company that manufactures sonar equipment,
which of the following is considered an external failure cost?
A) the net cost of scrap and spoilage incurred during production.
B) the cost of repairs and replacements made during the warranty period.
C) the cost of debugging software errors found in the sonar equipment during
inspection at the plant.
D) both B and C above.
E) none of the above.
Ans: B
LO: 9
57. The four categories of quality costs in a quality cost report are:
A) external failure, product liability, prevention, and carrying.
B) external failure, internal failure, prevention, and appraisal.
C) warranty, product liability, prevention, and appraisal.
D) warranty, product liability, training, and appraisal.
Ans: B
LO: 9
58. The following costs were incurred in July:
Direct materials ..............................
Direct labor ....................................
Manufacturing overhead ................
Selling expenses .............................
Administrative expenses ................
Prime costs during the month totaled:
A) $48,000
B) $28,000
C) $107,000
D) $63,000
Ans: A
LO: 1,2
$35,000
$13,000
$15,000
$14,000
$30,000
Solution:
Direct materials .......
Direct labor .............
Total ........................
$35,000
13,000
$48,000
59. Abel Company's manufacturing overhead is 20% of its total conversion costs. If direct
labor is $38,000 and if direct materials are $47,000, the manufacturing overhead is:
A) $152,000
B) $11,750
C) $21,250
D) $9,500
Ans: D
Solution:
Conversion costs = Direct labor + Manufacturing overhead
Conversion costs = $38,000 + Manufacturing overhead
0.20 × Conversion costs = Manufacturing overhead
0.20 × ($38,000 + Manufacturing overhead) = Manufacturing overhead
$7,600 + 0.20 × Manufacturing overhead = Manufacturing overhead
$7,600 = 0.80 × Manufacturing overhead
Manufacturing overhead = $9,500
60. During the month of July, direct labor cost totaled $12,000 and direct labor cost was
30% of prime cost. If total manufacturing costs during July were $86,000, the
manufacturing overhead was:
A) $46,000
B) $40,000
C) $28,000
D) $74,000
Ans: A
Solution:
0.30 × Prime cost = Direct labor
0.30 × Prime cost = $12,000
Prime cost = $40,000
Prime cost = Direct materials + Direct labor
$40,000 = Direct materials + $12,000
Direct materials = $28,000
Total
=
manufacturing costs
$86,000
=
Direct materials
+
Direct labor
$28,000
+
$12,000
Manufacturing
Overhead
Manufacturing
+
Overhead
+
Manufacturing overhead = $46,000
61. In July direct labor was 40% of conversion cost. If the manufacturing overhead cost
for the month was $34,000 and the direct materials cost was $23,000, the direct labor
cost was:
A) $22,667
B) $15,333
C) $51,000
D) $34,500
Ans: A
Solution:
0.40 × Conversion costs = Direct labor
0.60 × Conversion costs = Manufacturing overhead
0.60 × Conversion costs = $34,000
Conversion costs = $56,667
Conversion costs = Direct labor + Manufacturing overhead
$56,667 = Direct labor + $34,000
Direct labor = $22,667
62. Shown below are a number of costs incurred last year at Mecca Publishing Co., a
manufacturer of elementary school textbooks:
Solvents and cleaners used by the custodians to clean
the textbook printing presses ..........................................
Depreciation on the automobiles used by sales
representatives ................................................................
Fire insurance on factory building ..................................
Shipping costs on textbooks sold ....................................
$500
$4,200
$2,000
$3,700
What is the total of the manufacturing overhead costs above?
A) $500
B) $2,500
C) $6,200
D) $6,700
Ans: B
Solution:
Solvents and cleaners used by the custodians to clean
the textbook printing presses ..................................
Fire insurance on factory building................................
Total .............................................................................
‘
63. Mammoser Manufacturing Corporation rents a building for $8,000 per month and uses
it for a number of different purposes. The building space is utilized by the various
activities as follows:
Receiving and storing raw materials ......... 5%
Production operations ................................ 70%
Sales offices ............................................... 15%
Administrative offices ............................... 10%
How much of the $8,000 monthly rent cost should be classified as manufacturing
overhead?
A) $5,600
B) $6,000
C) $6,800
D) $7,200
Ans: B
Solution:
Receiving and storing raw materials (5% × $8,000) .......
Production operations (70% × $8,000)............................
$ 400
5,600
$6,000
64. Consider the following costs:
Direct materials .........................................
Depreciation on factory equipment ...........
Factory janitor’s salary ..............................
Direct labor ................................................
Utilities for factory ....................................
Selling expenses ........................................
Production supervisor’s salary ..................
Administrative expenses............................
$33,000
$12,000
$23,000
$28,000
$9,000
$16,000
$34,000
$21,000
What is the total amount of manufacturing overhead included above?
A) $78,000
B) $139,000
C) $44,000
D) $37,000
Ans: A
Solution:
Depreciation on factory equipment ........... $12,000
Factory janitor’s salary .............................. 23,000
Utilities for factory ....................................
9,000
Production supervisor’s salary .................. 34,000
Total........................................................... $78,000
65. The information below relates to Derby Manufacturing Company's operations for a
recent month. (Assume that all raw materials are direct materials.):
Purchases of raw materials ........................ $91,000
Direct labor cost ........................................ $122,000
Selling costs (total) .................................... $42,000
Administrative costs (total) ....................... $56,000
Manufacturing overhead costs (total) ........ $340,000
Raw materials inventory, beginning .......... $22,000
Work in process inventory, beginning ...... $27,000
Finished goods inventory, beginning ........ $42,000
Raw materials inventory, ending ...............
$7,000
Work in process inventory, ending............ $35,000
Finished goods inventory, ending ............. $15,000
What was Derby's cost of goods manufactured for the month?
A) $545,000
B) $560,000
C) $568,000
D) $587,000
Ans: B
AICPA FN: Measurement
LO: 2,4
Solution:
Derby Manufacturing Company
Schedule of Cost of Goods Manufactured
Direct materials:
Beginning raw materials inventory ................
$ 22,000
Add: Purchases of raw materials ....................
91,000
Raw materials available for use .....................
113,000
Deduct: Ending raw materials inventory........
7,000
Raw materials used in production ..................
Direct labor ........................................................
Manufacturing overhead ....................................
Total manufacturing costs ..................................
Add: Beginning work in process inventory .......
Deduct: Ending work in process inventory........
Cost of goods manufactured ..............................
$106,000
122,000
340,000
568,000
27,000
595,000
35,000
$560,000
66. Consider the following costs incurred in a recent period:
Direct materials ..........................................
Depreciation on factory equipment............
Factory janitor’s salary ..............................
Direct labor ................................................
Utilities for factory.....................................
Selling expenses .........................................
Production supervisor’s salary ...................
Administrative expenses ............................
$33,000
$12,000
$23,000
$28,000
$9,000
$16,000
$34,000
$21,000
What was the total amount of the period costs listed above for the period?
A) $78,000
B) $71,000
C) $46,000
D) $37,000
Ans: D
Solution:
Selling expenses ........................................ $16,000
Administrative expenses............................ 21,000
Total........................................................... $37,000
67. Using the following data for a recent period, calculate the beginning finished goods
inventory:
Sales...........................................................
Beginning finished goods inventory..........
Cost of goods manufactured ......................
Ending finished goods inventory ...............
Cost of goods sold .....................................
Gross margin .............................................
Administrative and selling expenses .........
Net operating income ................................
$40,000
?
$16,000
$5,000
?
$17,000
?
$10,000
The beginning finished goods inventory was:
A) $24,000
B) $23,000
C) $7,000
D) $12,000
Ans: D
LO: 3,4
Solution:
Cost of goods sold = Sales − Gross margin
Cost of goods sold = $40,000 − $17,000
Cost of goods sold = $23,000
Beginning finished
Cost of goods
Ending finished
+
−
=
goods inventory
manufactured
goods inventory
Beginning finished
+
$16,000
−
$5,000
=
goods inventory
Beginning finished goods inventory = $12,000
Cost of goods
sold
$23,000
68. The following data are for a recent period's operations:
Beginning finished goods inventory..........
Ending finished goods inventory ...............
Sales...........................................................
Gross margin .............................................
$150,475
$145,750
$400,000
$120,000
The cost of goods manufactured was:
A) $115,275
B) $284,725
C) $275,275
D) $124,725
Ans: C
LO: 3,4
Solution:
Sales − Cost of goods sold = Gross margin
$400,000 − Cost of goods sold = $120,000
Cost of goods sold = $280,000
Beginning finished
Cost of goods
Ending finished
+
−
=
goods inventory
manufactured
goods inventory
Cost of goods
$150,475
+
−
$145,750
=
manufactured
Cost of goods manufactured = $275,275
Cost of goods
sold
$280,000
69. Last month a manufacturing company had the following operating results:
Beginning finished goods inventory.......... $77,000
Ending finished goods inventory ............... $72,000
Sales........................................................... $593,000
Gross margin ............................................. $67,000
What was the cost of goods manufactured for the month?
A) $588,000
B) $526,000
C) $521,000
D) $531,000
Ans: C
LO: 3,4
Solution:
Sales − Cost of goods sold = Gross margin
$593,000 − Cost of goods sold = $67,000
Cost of goods sold = $526,000
Beginning finished
Cost of goods
Ending finished
+
−
=
goods inventory
manufactured
goods inventory
Cost of goods
$77,000
+
−
$72,000
=
manufactured
Cost of goods manufactured = $521,000
Cost of goods
sold
$526,000
70. The following data pertain to a recent period's operations:
Sales...........................................................
?
Beginning finished goods inventory..........
$12,000
Cost of goods manufactured ......................
$36,000
Ending finished goods inventory ...............
$6,000
Cost of goods sold .....................................
?
Gross margin ............................................. 40% of Sales
Administrative and selling expenses .........
$10,000
Net operating income ................................
?
Net operating income was:
A) $18,000
B) $10,000
C) $14,000
D) $46,000
Ans: A
LO: 3,4
Solution:
Cost of
Beginning finished
=
+
goods sold
goods inventory
Cost of
=
$12,000
+
goods sold
Cost of goods sold = $42,000
Cost of goods
manufactured
−
Ending finished
goods inventory
$36,000
−
$6,000
Sales − Cost of goods sold = Gross margin
Sales − $42,000 = Gross margin
Gross margin = 40% × Sales
Sales − $42,000 = 40% × Sales
60% × Sales = $42,000
Sales = $70,000
Gross margin − Administrative and selling expenses = Net operating income
Gross margin = 40% × Sales
Gross margin = $28,000
$28,000 − $10,000 = Net operating income
Net operating income = $18,000
71. The following inventory balances have been provided for the most recent year:
Raw materials ....................
Work in process .................
Finished goods ...................
Beginning Ending
$21,000 $15,000
$18,000 $29,000
$57,000 $33,000
The cost of goods manufactured was $714,000. What was the cost of goods sold?
A) $738,000
B) $693,000
C) $714,000
D) $733,000
Ans: A
LO: 3,4
Solution:
Finished goods inventory, beginning .................................$ 57,000
Add: Cost of goods manufactured ...................................... 714,000
Goods available for sale ..................................................... 771,000
Deduct: Finished goods inventory, ending ......................... 33,000
Cost of goods sold ..............................................................$738,000
72. The cost of goods manufactured for October at Toule Manufacturing Corporation was
$907,000. The following changes occurred in Toule inventory accounts during
October:
Decrease in raw materials inventory .........
Decrease in work in process inventory......
Increase in finished goods inventory .........
$24,000
$17,000
$38,000
What was Toule's cost of goods sold for October?
A) $869,000
B) $886,000
C) $928,000
D) $945,000
Ans: A
Solution:
LO: 3,4
73. Gabrio Inc. is a merchandising company. Last month the company's merchandise
purchases totaled $87,000. The company's beginning merchandise inventory was
$19,000 and its ending merchandise inventory was $11,000. What was the company's
cost of goods sold for the month?
A) $79,000
B) $87,000
C) $95,000
D) $117,000
Ans: C
Solution:
Merchandise inventory, beginning .....................................$ 19,000
Add: Merchandise purchased .............................................. 87,000
Goods available for sale ...................................................... 106,000
Deduct: Finished goods inventory, ending ......................... 11,000
Cost of goods sold...............................................................$ 95,000
74. Haala Inc. is a merchandising company. Last month the company's cost of goods sold
was $68,000. The company's beginning merchandise inventory was $11,000 and its
ending merchandise inventory was $17,000. What was the total amount of the
company's merchandise purchases for the month?
A) $96,000
B) $62,000
C) $68,000
D) $74,000
Ans: D
Solution:
Merchandise inventory, beginning ..................................... $11,000
Add: Merchandise purchased ..............................................
?
Goods available for sale ......................................................
?
Deduct: Finished goods inventory, ending ......................... 17,000
Cost of goods sold............................................................... $68,000
Goods available for sale = $68,000 + $17,000
Goods available for sale = $85,000
Merchandise purchased = $85,000 − Merchandise inventory, beginning
Merchandise purchased = $85,000 − $11,000
Merchandise purchased = $74,000
75. During July, the cost of goods manufactured at Xxis Corporation was $70,000. The
beginning finished goods inventory was $19,000 and the ending finished goods
inventory was $15,000. What was the cost of goods sold for the month?
A) $104,000
B) $74,000
C) $70,000
D) $66,000
Ans: B
Solution:
Finished goods inventory, beginning .................................. $19,000
Add: Cost of goods manufactured ...................................... 70,000
Goods available for sale ...................................................... 89,000
Deduct: Finished goods inventory, ending ......................... 15,000
Cost of goods sold............................................................... $74,000
76. At the beginning of the most recent month's operations, finished goods inventory was
$30,000. The cost of goods manufactured was $326,000 and ending finished goods
inventory was $42,000. What was the cost of goods sold for the month?
A) $320,000
B) $338,000
C) $314,000
D) Cannot be calculated.
Ans: C
Solution:
Finished goods inventory, beginning ..................................$ 30,000
Add: Cost of goods manufactured ...................................... 326,000
Goods available for sale ...................................................... 356,000
Deduct: Finished goods inventory, ending ......................... 42,000
Cost of goods sold...............................................................$314,000
77. Given the following information, calculate the company's manufacturing overhead:
Work in process, ending ................
Work in process, beginning ...........
Cost of goods manufactured ..........
Direct labor ....................................
Direct materials .............................
$8,000
$11,000
$70,000
$25,000
$20,000
The manufacturing overhead is:
A) $22,000
B) $25,000
C) $28,000
D) $36,000
Ans: A
Solution:
Schedule of Cost of Goods Manufactured
Direct materials ............................................................................
$20,000
Direct labor ..................................................................................
25,000
Manufacturing overhead ..............................................................
22,000*
Total manufacturing costs ............................................................
67,000*
Add: Work in process, beginning ................................................
11,000
78,000*
Deduct: Work in process, ending .................................................
8,000
Cost of goods manufactured ........................................................
$70,000
* These items must be calculated by working backwards upward through the
statements.
78. The following data have been provided for the most recent month's operations:
Direct materials ......................................... $8,000
Direct labor ................................................ $25,000
Manufacturing overhead............................ $9,000
Total manufacturing costs .........................
?
Beginning work in process inventory ........
?
Ending work in process inventory ............. $8,000
Cost of goods manufactured ...................... $45,000
The beginning work in process inventory is:
A) $11,000
B) $42,000
C) $53,000
D) $37,000
Ans: A
Solution:
Schedule of Cost of Goods Manufactured
Direct materials ............................................................................
$ 8,000
Direct labor ..................................................................................
25,000
Manufacturing overhead ..............................................................
9,000
Total manufacturing costs ............................................................
42,000
Add: Work in process, beginning ................................................
11,000*
53,000*
Deduct: Work in process, ending .................................................
8,000
Cost of goods manufactured ........................................................
$45,000
* These items must be calculated by working backwards upward through the
statements.
79. Using the following data for July, calculate the cost of goods manufactured:
Direct materials .........................................
Direct labor ................................................
Manufacturing overhead............................
Beginning work in process inventory ........
Ending work in process inventory .............
$31,000
$22,000
$29,000
$14,000
$15,000
The cost of goods manufactured was:
A) $83,000
B) $96,000
C) $81,000
D) $82,000
Ans: C
Solution:
Schedule of Cost of Goods Manufactured
Direct materials ............................................................................
$31,000
Direct labor ..................................................................................
22,000
Manufacturing overhead ..............................................................
29,000
Total manufacturing costs ............................................................
82,000
Add: Work in process, beginning ................................................
14,000
96,000
Deduct: Work in process, ending .................................................
15,000
Cost of goods manufactured ........................................................
$81,000
80. During the month of April, LTP Company incurred $30,000 of manufacturing
overhead, $40,000 of direct labor, and purchased $25,000 of raw materials. Between
the beginning and the end of the month, the raw materials and work in process
inventories decreased by $4,000 and $3,000, respectively. The total manufacturing
costs used in the computation of cost of goods manufactured during the month of
April was:
A) $88,000
B) $91,000
C) $99,000
D) $102,000
Ans: C
Solution:
First calculate raw materials used:
Beginning inventory
+ Purchases
raw materials
−
Ending inventory
=
raw materials
Raw materials
used
By rearranging:
Purchases
+(
Beginning
inventory raw
materials
−
Ending
inventory raw
materials
)=
Raw materials
used
Since raw material inventory decreased by $4,000, we know that:
Beginning inventory raw materials − Ending inventory raw materials = $4,000
Substituting into equation:
$25,000 + $4,000 = Raw materials used
$29,000 = Raw materials used
Next, solve for total manufacturing costs:
Raw materials
Manufacturing
+ Direct labor +
used
overhead
$29,000
+
$40,000
+
$30,000
Total
manufacturing costs
=
$99,000
=
81. The following information relates to Mako Manufacturing Company for the month of
August:
Cost of goods manufactured ......................
Cost of goods sold......................................
Total manufacturing costs ..........................
Cost of goods available for sale .................
$78,000
$82,000
$90,000
$95,000
What was the balance in Mako's Finished Goods Inventory account at the end of
August?
A) $4,000
B) $5,000
C) $8,000
D) $13,000
Ans: D
Solution:
Goods available for sale - Ending finished goods inventory = Cost of goods sold
Ending finished goods inventory = Goods available for sale - Cost of goods sold
Ending finished goods inventory = $95,000 - $82,000
Ending finished goods inventory = $13,000
82. The following inventory balances relate to Komiza Manufacturing Corporation at the
beginning and end of the year:
Beginning Ending
Raw materials ....................
$10,000 $21,000
Work in process .................
$5,000 $3,000
Finished goods ...................
$41,000 $48,000
Komiza's cost of goods available for sale was $622,000. What was Komiza's cost of
goods manufactured?
A) $581,000
B) $615,000
C) $629,000
D) $663,000
Ans: A
Solution:
Beginning finished
Cost of goods
Goods available
+
=
goods inventory
manufactured
for sale
Cost of goods
$41,000
+
=
$622,000
manufactured
Cost of goods manufactured = $581,000
83. Last year there was no change in either the raw materials or the work in process
beginning and ending inventories. However, finished goods, which had a beginning
balance of $25,000, increased by $15,000. If the manufacturing costs incurred totaled
$600,000 during the year, the cost of goods available for sale must have been:
A) $585,000
B) $600,000
C) $610,000
D) $625,000
Ans: D
Solution:
Cost of goods
available for sale
=
Beginning
finished
goods
inventory
+
Cost of goods
=
$25,000
+
available for sale
Cost of goods available for sale = $625,000
Cost of goods
manufactured
$600,000
84. A company has provided the following cost data for its most recent accounting period:
Direct labor .................................... $98,000
Administrative expenses ................ $15,000
Manufacturing overhead ................ $25,000
Direct materials .............................. $200,000
Selling expenses ............................. $22,000
What was the cost of goods manufactured for the period? Assume there were no
beginning or ending inventories.
A) $303,000
B) $323,000
C) $338,000
D) $360,000
Ans: B
Solution:
Direct labor .................................... $ 98,000
Manufacturing overhead ................
25,000
Direct materials .............................. 200,000
Cost of goods manufactured .......... $323,000
85. Beginning work in process was $145,000. Manufacturing cost incurred for the month
was $810,000. The ending work in process was $200,000. What was the cost of goods
manufactured during the month?
A) $900,000
B) $810,000
C) $755,000
D) $1,155,000
Ans: C
Solution:
Beginning work in process inventory .................
Add: Manufacturing costs ...................................
Deduct: Ending work in process inventory.........
Cost of goods manufactured ...............................
$145,000
810,000
(200,000)
$755,000
86. Last year, Vashanda Corporation incurred the following costs to produce 18,000 units:
Cost of raw materials used ......................... $86,400
Property taxes on factory building ............. $9,000
What should be the cost per unit for the above costs if 20,000 units of product are
produced next year?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Raw materials Property taxes
$4.32
$0.45
$4.32
$0.50
$4.80
$0.45
$4.80
$0.50
Ans: C
LO: 5
Solution:
Variable manufacturing costs:
$86,400 18,000 = $4.80
Property taxes are a fixed cost: $9,000
At 20,000 units, fixed cost per unit = $9,000 20,000 units = $0.45 per unit
87. At a sales volume of 20,000 units, total costs are $55,000. The company's variable cost
per unit is $1.50. What should be the total fixed cost at a sales volume of 30,000 units,
assuming that is within the relevant range.
A) $25,000
B) $30,000
C) $45,000
D) Cannot be determined.
Ans: A
LO: 5
Solution:
88. A mattress manufacturer has provided the following cost data. The cost of fabric,
foam, springs, and lumber is $68,000. The cost of indirect materials is $21,000. Labor
cost of assembly workers is $52,000 and for production supervisors is $14,000. How
much indirect cost is included in the above costs?
A) $21,000
B) $35,000
C) $89,000
D) $103,000
Ans: B
LO: 6
Solution:
Indirect materials ...........................
Production supervisors ...................
Total indirect costs .........................
$21,000
14,000
$35,000
89. How much sunk cost is represented in the following list?
Annual operating cost ............................................
Fixed operating costs other than depreciation .......
Resale value, if sold now .......................................
Original cost of current machine ...........................
A)
B)
C)
D)
$80,000
$14,000
$25,000
$68,000
$80,000
$14,000
$25,000
$68,000
Ans: D
Solution:
Only the original cost of the current machine is a sunk cost in the above list.
90. John Adams, an operator of a manufacturing machine, receives time-and-a-half for
any time worked in excess of 40 hours per week. His rate of pay is $16 per hour. How
much should be charged to direct labor if he worked 48 hours last week and had no
idle time?
A) $768
B) $640
C) $832
D) $192
Ans: A
Solution:
48 hours × $16 per hour = $768
91. During the last week in October, Harvey worked a total of 45 hours and had no idle
time. Harvey is paid $10 per hour for regular time, and is paid time-and-a-half for all
hours in excess of 35 hours per week. Given this information:
A) $350 should be charged to direct labor
B) $50 should be charged to manufacturing overhead
C) $150 should be charged to manufacturing overhead
D) $500 should be charged to direct labor.
Ans: B
Solution:
Overtime premium = $5
$10 × 1.5 = $15 overtime rate
$15 overtime rate − $10 regular rate = $5 overtime premium
Total hours − Regular work week hours = Overtime hours
45 − 35 = 10
10 hours × $5 per hour = $50 amount to be charged to manufacturing overhead
92. Sandra Pietro installs mufflers at Dethtrapp Motorcycle Company. Sandra is paid $14
per hour and an extra $7 per hour for every hour over 40 that is worked in a given
week. Last week Sandra worked 50 hours with 2 of these hours correctly classified as
idle time. How much of Sandra's wages last week should be included in manufacturing
overhead cost?
A) $28
B) $70
C) $98
D) $168
Ans: C
Solution:
Overtime premium charged to manufacturing overhead:
(50 total hours − 40 regular hours) × $7 overtime premium = $70
2 hours of idle time × $14 per hour = $28
Total wages to be included in manufacturing overhead = $70 + $28 = $98
Use the following to answer questions 93-96:
Mendoza, Inc. manufactures and sells aluminum dishes for camping and outdoor enthusiasts
through a mail order catalog operation. Large rectangular sheets of aluminum are purchased
by Mendoza. These sheets are cut down into smaller squares and are then fed into a machine
where they are trimmed down into a circular shape. These aluminum circles are then fed into
a stamping machine where they are formed into plates and bowls. After production, the dishes
are shipped to warehouses where they are packed and then shipped to customers.
93. Which of the following terms could be used to correctly describe the cost of the
aluminum sheets?
A) fixed cost
B) period cost
C) direct cost
D) conversion cost
Ans: C
LO: 1,2,5,6
94. Which of the following terms could be used to correctly describe the wages paid to the
machine operator who operates the stamping machine?
A) direct labor cost
B) administrative cost
C) opportunity cost
D) manufacturing overhead cost
Ans: A
LO: 1,2,5,6
95. Which of the following terms could be used to correctly describe the cost of electricity
used to run the stamping machine?
A) variable cost
B) indirect cost
C) manufacturing overhead cost
D) all of the above
Ans: D
LO: 1,2,5,6
96. Which of the following terms could be used to correctly describe the straight-line
depreciation cost on the stamping machine?
A) period cost
B) variable cost
C) inventoriable cost
D) both A and C above
Ans: C
LO: 1,2,5,6
Use the following to answer questions 97-99:
A partial listing of costs incurred at Archut Corporation during September appears below:
Direct materials ..................................................
Utilities, factory..................................................
Administrative salaries .......................................
Indirect labor ......................................................
Sales commissions .............................................
Depreciation of production equipment...............
Depreciation of administrative equipment .........
Direct labor.........................................................
Advertising .........................................................
$113,000
$5,000
$81,000
$25,000
$48,000
$20,000
$30,000
$129,000
$135,000
97. The total of the manufacturing overhead costs listed above for September is:
A) $586,000
B) $50,000
C) $292,000
D) $30,000
Ans: B
Solution:
Utilities, factory ..................................................
Indirect labor .......................................................
Depreciation of production equipment ...............
Total manufacturing overhead costs ...................
$ 5,000
25,000
20,000
$50,000
98. The total of the product costs listed above for September is:
A) $292,000
B) $294,000
C) $50,000
D) $586,000
Ans: A
Solution:
Direct materials ................................................... $113,000
Utilities, factory ..................................................
5,000
Indirect labor .......................................................
25,000
Depreciation of production equipment ...............
20,000
Direct labor ......................................................... 129,000
Total product costs .............................................. $292,000
99. The total of the period costs listed above for September is:
A) $294,000
B) $344,000
C) $292,000
D) $50,000
Ans: A
Solution:
Administrative salaries ....................................... $ 81,000
Sales commissions ..............................................
48,000
Depreciation of administrative equipment ..........
30,000
Advertising.......................................................... 135,000
Total period costs ................................................ $294,000
Use the following to answer questions 100-102:
A partial listing of costs incurred during March at Febbo Corporation appears below:
Factory supplies ..............................................
Administrative wages and salaries ..................
Direct materials ...............................................
Sales staff salaries ...........................................
Factory depreciation ........................................
Corporate headquarters building rent ..............
Indirect labor ...................................................
Marketing ........................................................
Direct labor......................................................
$9,000
$85,000
$126,000
$30,000
$33,000
$43,000
$26,000
$65,000
$99,000
100. The total of the period costs listed above for March is:
A) $68,000
B) $293,000
C) $291,000
D) $223,000
Ans: D
Solution:
Administrative wages and salaries ................... $ 85,000
Sales staff salaries ............................................
30,000
Corporate headquarters building rent ..............
43,000
Marketing .........................................................
65,000
Total period costs ............................................. $223,000
101. The total of the manufacturing overhead costs listed above for March is:
A) $68,000
B) $35,000
C) $516,000
D) $293,000
Ans: A
Solution:
Factory supplies ...............................................
Factory depreciation ........................................
Indirect labor ....................................................
Total manufacturing overhead .........................
$ 9,000
33,000
26,000
$68,000
102. The total of the product costs listed above for March is:
A) $516,000
B) $68,000
C) $293,000
D) $223,000
Ans: C
Solution:
Factory supplies ............................................... $ 9,000
Direct materials ................................................ 126,000
Factory depreciation ........................................
33,000
Indirect labor ....................................................
26,000
Direct labor ......................................................
99,000
Total product costs ........................................... $293,000
Use the following to answer questions 103-105:
The following data pertain to Graham Company's operations in May:
Work in process inventory ............
Raw materials inventory ...............
Finished goods inventory ..............
Other data:
Raw materials used .......................
Sales ..............................................
Cost of goods manufactured..........
Manufacturing overhead cost ........
Raw materials purchases ...............
Gross Margin .................................
May 1 May 31
$7,000 $12,000
$15,000
?
? $20,000
$40,000
$200,000
$135,000
$60,000
$30,000
$60,000
103. The ending materials inventory was:
A) $5,000
B) $10,000
C) $15,000
D) $20,000
Ans: A
LO: 1,3,4
Solution:
Beginning raw materials inventory ................
Add: Raw materials purchases .......................
Raw materials available for use .....................
Deduct: Ending raw materials inventory .......
Raw materials used ........................................
$15,000
30,000
45,000
5,000 *
$40,000
*Calculate this item by working backwards, as shown:
Raw materials used = Raw materials available − Ending raw materials inventory
$40,000 = $45,000 − Ending raw materials inventory
Ending raw materials inventory = $5,000
104. The beginning finished goods inventory was:
A) $5,000
B) $15,000
C) $25,000
D) $30,000
Ans: C
LO: 1,3,4
Solution:
Sales − Cost of goods sold = Gross margin
Cost of goods sold = Sales − Gross margin
Cost of goods sold = $200,000 − $60,000
Cost of goods sold = $140,000
Next, solve backwards for beginning finished goods inventory:
Beginning raw materials inventory .....................
$ 25,000 *
Add: Cost of goods manufactured ........................
135,000
Cost of goods available for sale ..........................
160,000 *
Deduct: Ending finished goods inventory ............
20,000
Cost of goods sold ...............................................
$140,000
* These items must be calculated by working backwards upward through the
statements.
105. The direct labor cost for May was:
A) $35,000
B) $40,000
C) $30,000
D) $25,000
Ans: B
LO: 1,3,4
Solution:
Graham Company
Schedule of Cost of Goods Manufactured
Direct materials ............................................................................
$40,000
Direct labor ..................................................................................
40,000*
Manufacturing overhead ..............................................................
60,000
Total manufacturing costs ............................................................
140,000*
Add: Work in process, beginning ................................................
7,000
147,000*
Deduct: Work in process, ending .................................................
12,000
Cost of goods manufactured ........................................................
$135,000
* These items must be calculated by working backwards upward through the
statements.
Use the following to answer questions 106-107:
Demeglio Corporation reported the following data for the month of September:
Inventories:
Raw materials ....................
Work in process.................
Finished goods ..................
Beginning Ending
$30,000 $34,000
$23,000 $22,000
$32,000 $35,000
106. If the raw materials purchased during September totaled $63,000, what was the cost of
the raw materials used in production for the month?
A) $67,000
B) $63,000
C) $59,000
D) $64,000
Ans: C
LO: 1,3
Solution:
Beginning raw materials inventory ......................
Add: Raw materials purchased ............................
Raw materials available for use ...........................
Deduct: Ending raw material inventory ...............
Raw materials used in production ........................
$30,000
63,000
93,000
34,000
$59,000
107. If the company transferred $222,000 of completed goods from work in process to
finished goods inventory during September, what was the cost of goods sold for the
month?
A) $219,000
B) $225,000
C) $222,000
D) $221,000
Ans: A
LO: 1,3
Solution:
Beginning finished goods inventory ....................
Add: Cost of goods manufactured .......................
Goods available for sale .......................................
Deduct: Ending finished inventory ......................
Cost of goods sold................................................
$ 32,000
222,000
254,000
35,000
$219,000
Use the following to answer questions 108-109:
Boardman Company reported the following data for the month of January:
Inventories:
Raw materials ....................
Work in process.................
Finished goods ..................
1/1
1/31
$32,000 $31,000
$18,000 $12,000
$30,000 $35,000
Additional information:
Sales revenue .................................
Direct labor costs...........................
Manufacturing overhead costs ......
Selling expenses ............................
Administrative expenses ...............
$210,000
$40,000
$70,000
$25,000
$35,000
108. If raw materials costing $35,000 were purchased during January, the total
manufacturing costs for the month would be:
A) $145,000
B) $144,000
C) $151,000
D) $146,000
Ans: D
Solution:
Beginning raw materials inventory .....................
Add: Raw materials purchased .............................
Raw materials available for use...........................
Deduct: Ending raw materials inventory .............
Raw materials used ..............................................
Direct labor ..........................................................
Manufacturing overhead.......................................
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
$ 32,000
35,000
67,000
31,000
36,000
40,000
70,000
$146,000
109. Boardman Company's total conversion cost for January would be:
A) $110,000
B) $170,000
C) $135,000
D) $130,000
Ans: A
Solution:
Direct labor .................................... $ 40,000
Manufacturing overhead ................
70,000
Total conversion costs ................... $110,000
Use the following to answer questions 110-111:
Fassino Corporation reported the following data for the month of November:
Inventories:
Raw materials ....................
Work in process.................
Finished goods ..................
Beginning Ending
$23,000 $30,000
$19,000 $20,000
$55,000 $29,000
Additional information:
Raw materials purchases ...............
Direct labor cost ............................
Manufacturing overhead cost ........
Selling expense..............................
Administrative expense .................
$58,000
$54,000
$82,000
$18,000
$42,000
110. The conversion cost for November was:
A) $187,000
B) $112,000
C) $136,000
D) $140,000
Ans: C
Solution:
Direct labor .................................... $ 54,000
Manufacturing overhead ................
82,000
Total conversion costs ................... $136,000
111. The prime cost for November was:
A) $136,000
B) $60,000
C) $105,000
D) $112,000
Ans: C
Solution:
Beginning raw materials inventory ......................
Add: Raw materials purchased ............................
Raw materials available for use ...........................
Deduct: Ending raw materials inventory .............
Raw materials used ..............................................
Direct labor ..........................................................
Total prime cost ...................................................
$ 23,000
58,000
81,000
30,000
51,000
54,000
$105,000
Use the following to answer questions 112-113:
Management of Mcgibboney Corporation has asked your help as an intern in preparing some
key reports for November. The beginning balance in the raw materials inventory account was
$25,000. During the month, the company made raw materials purchases amounting to
$54,000. At the end of the month, the balance in the raw materials inventory account was
$37,000. Direct labor cost was $25,000 and manufacturing overhead cost was $62,000. The
beginning balance in the work in process account was $22,000 and the ending balance was
$23,000. The beginning balance in the finished goods account was $44,000 and the ending
balance was $50,000. Selling expense was $21,000 and administrative expense was $38,000.
112. The conversion cost for November was:
A) $116,000
B) $79,000
C) $87,000
D) $129,000
Ans: C
Solution:
Direct labor ....................................
Manufacturing overhead................
Total conversion costs ...................
113. The prime cost for November was:
A) $79,000
B) $59,000
C) $67,000
D) $87,000
Ans: C
$25,000
62,000
$87,000
Solution:
Beginning raw materials inventory .....................
Add: Raw materials purchased .............................
Raw materials available for use...........................
Deduct: Ending raw materials inventory .............
Raw materials used ..............................................
Direct labor ..........................................................
Total prime cost ...................................................
$25,000
54,000
79,000
37,000
42,000
25,000
$67,000
Use the following to answer questions 114-116:
Yokum Company has provided the following data for the month of August:
Raw materials inventory ...............
Work in process inventory ............
Finished goods inventory ..............
August 1 August 31
$8,000
?
?
$14,000
$25,000
$35,000
Other Data:
Sales ..........................................................
Manufacturing overhead costs ..................
Direct labor................................................
Purchase of raw materials .........................
Administrative expenses ...........................
Cost of goods manufactured......................
Raw materials used in production .............
Selling expenses ........................................
$350,000
$44,000
$80,000
$94,000
$40,000
$206,000
$87,000
$15,000
114. The ending raw materials inventory was:
A) $3,000
B) $11,000
C) $15,000
D) $7,000
Ans: C
LO: 2,3,4
Solution:
Beginning raw materials inventory .....................
Add: Raw materials purchased .............................
Raw materials available for use...........................
Deduct: Ending raw materials inventory ..............
Raw materials used ..............................................
$ 8,000
94,000
102,000
15,000 *
$87,000
* This item must be calculated by working backwards upward through the statements.
115. The beginning work in process inventory was:
A) $6,000
B) $9,000
C) $15,000
D) $2,000
Ans: B
LO: 2,3,4
Solution:
Beginning raw materials inventory .....................
Add: Raw materials purchased .............................
Raw materials available for use...........................
Deduct: Ending raw materials inventory ..............
Raw materials used ..............................................
$ 8,000
94,000
102,000
15,000 *
$87,000
Raw materials used ..............................................
Direct labor ..........................................................
Manufacturing overhead.......................................
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
Add: Beginning work in process inventory .........
Subtotal ................................................................
Deduct: Ending work in process inventory .........
Cost of goods manufactured ................................
$ 87,000
80,000
44,000
211,000
9,000 *
220,000 *
14,000
$206,000
* These items must be calculated by working backwards upward through the
statements.
116. The cost of goods sold was:
A) $196,000
B) $206,000
C) $211,000
D) $190,000
Ans: A
LO: 2,3,4
Solution:
Beginning raw materials inventory .....................
Add: Raw materials purchased .............................
Raw materials available for use...........................
Deduct: Ending raw materials inventory ..............
Raw materials used ..............................................
$ 8,000
94,000
102,000
15,000 *
$ 87,000
Raw materials used ..............................................
Direct labor ..........................................................
Manufacturing overhead.......................................
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
Add: Beginning work in process inventory .........
Subtotal ................................................................
Deduct: Ending work in process inventory .........
Cost of goods manufactured ................................
$ 87,000
80,000
44,000
211,000
9,000 *
220,000 *
14,000
$206,000
* These items must be calculated by working backwards upward through the
statements.
Beginning finished goods inventory....................
Add: Cost of goods manufactured ........................
Goods available for sale ......................................
Deduct: Ending finished goods inventory ............
Cost of goods sold ...............................................
$ 25,000
206,000
231,000
35,000
$196,000
Use the following to answer questions 117-120:
The following data (in thousands of dollars) have been taken from the accounting records of
Karling Corporation for the just completed year.
Sales ..........................................................
Raw materials inventory, beginning .........
Raw materials inventory, ending...............
Purchases of raw materials ........................
Direct labor................................................
Manufacturing overhead ...........................
Administrative expenses ...........................
Selling expenses ........................................
Work in process inventory, beginning ......
Work in process inventory, ending ...........
Finished goods inventory, beginning ........
Finished goods inventory, ending .............
$990
$40
$70
$120
$200
$230
$150
$140
$70
$50
$120
$160
117. The cost of the raw materials used in production during the year (in thousands of
dollars) was:
A) $190
B) $90
C) $150
D) $160
Ans: B
LO: 2,3,4
Solution:
Beginning raw materials inventory .....................
Add: Raw materials purchased .............................
Raw materials available for use...........................
Deduct: Ending raw materials inventory ..............
Raw materials used ..............................................
$
40
120
160
70
$90
118. The cost of goods manufactured (finished) for the year (in thousands of dollars) was:
A) $540
B) $500
C) $570
D) $590
Ans: A
LO: 2,3,4
Solution:
Beginning raw materials inventory .....................
Add: Raw materials purchased .............................
Raw materials available for use...........................
Deduct: Ending raw materials inventory ..............
Raw materials used ..............................................
$ 40
120
160
70
$ 90
Raw materials used ..............................................
Direct labor ..........................................................
Manufacturing overhead.......................................
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
Add: Beginning work in process inventory .........
Subtotal ................................................................
Deduct: Ending work in process inventory .........
Cost of goods manufactured ................................
$ 90
200
230
520
70
590
50
$540
119. The cost of goods sold for the year (in thousands of dollars) was:
A) $700
B) $500
C) $660
D) $580
Ans: B
LO: 2,3,4
Solution:
Beginning raw materials inventory .....................
Add: Raw materials purchased .............................
Raw materials available for use...........................
Deduct: Ending raw materials inventory ..............
Raw materials used ..............................................
Raw materials used ..............................................
Direct labor ..........................................................
Manufacturing overhead ......................................
Total manufacturing costs ....................................
Add: Beginning work in process inventory .........
Subtotal ................................................................
Deduct: Ending work in process inventory..........
Cost of goods manufactured ................................
Beginning finished goods inventory....................
Add: Cost of goods manufactured ........................
Goods available for sale ......................................
Deduct: Ending finished goods inventory ............
Cost of goods sold ...............................................
$ 40
120
160
70
$90
$ 90
200
230
520
70
590
50
$540
$120
540
660
160
$500
120. The net operating income for the year (in thousands of dollars) was:
A) $150
B) $200
C) $490
D) $250
Ans: B
LO: 2,3,4
Solution:
Beginning raw materials inventory .....................
Add: Raw materials purchased .............................
Raw materials available for use...........................
Deduct: Ending raw materials inventory ..............
Raw materials used ..............................................
$ 40
120
160
70
$90
Raw materials used ..............................................
Direct labor ..........................................................
Manufacturing overhead.......................................
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
Add: Beginning work in process inventory .........
Subtotal ................................................................
Deduct: Ending work in process inventory .........
Cost of goods manufactured ................................
$ 90
200
230
520
70
590
50
$540
Beginning finished goods inventory....................
Add: Cost of goods manufactured ........................
Goods available for sale ......................................
Deduct: Ending finished goods inventory ............
Cost of goods sold ...............................................
$120
540
660
160
$500
Sales.............................................................
Cost of goods sold ........................................
Gross margin ...............................................
Selling and administrative expenses:
Administrative expense ............................ $150
Selling expense ......................................... 140
Net operating income ..................................
$990
500
490
290
$200
Use the following to answer questions 121-125:
Mark is an engineer who has designed a telecommunications device. He is convinced that
there is a big potential market for the device. Accordingly, he has decided to quit his present
job and start a company to manufacture and market the device.
121. The salary that Mark earns at his present employ is:
A) a variable cost
B) a fixed cost
C) a product cost
D) an opportunity cost
Ans: D
122. Mark purchased a machine two years ago to make experimental boards. The machine
will be used to manufacture the new board. The cost of this machine is:
A) an opportunity cost
B) a sunk cost
C) a differential cost
D) a period cost
Ans: B
123. The cost of the raw materials that will be used in manufacturing the computer board is:
A) a sunk cost
B) a fixed cost
C) a period cost
D) a variable cost
Ans: D
LO: 2,5
124. Rent on the administrative office space is:
A) a variable cost
B) an opportunity cost
C) a period cost
D) a product cost
Ans: C
LO: 2,5
125. Property taxes on the building that will be purchased to house the manufacturing
facility are:
A) a product cost
B) a variable cost
C) an opportunity cost
D) a period cost
Ans: A
LO: 2,5
Use the following to answer questions 126-128:
Vignana Corporation manufactures and sells hand-painted clay figurines of popular sports
heroes. Shown below are some of the costs incurred by Vignana for last year:
Cost of clay used in production .......................................
Wages paid to the workers who paint the figurines ........
Wages paid to the sales manager’s secretary ..................
Cost of junk mail advertising ..........................................
$65,000
$90,000
$22,000
$47,000
126. What is the total of the direct costs above?
A) $65,000
B) $112,000
C) $155,000
D) $202,000
Ans: C
LO: 6
Solution:
Cost of clay used in production .......................................
Wages paid to the workers who paint the figurines ........
Total direct costs .............................................................
$ 65,000
90,000
$155,000
127. What is the total of the inventoriable (product) costs above?
A) $0
B) $69,000
C) $155,000
D) $159,000
Ans: C
Solution:
Cost of clay used in production .......................................
Wages paid to the workers who paint the figurines ........
Total product costs ..........................................................
$ 65,000
90,000
$155,000
128. What is the total of the conversion costs above?
A) $65,000
B) $69,000
C) $90,000
D) $155,000
Ans: C
Solution:
Only the wages paid to the works who paint the figurines ($90,000) are considered to
be conversion costs.
Use the following to answer questions 129-132:
Gaeddert Corporation reported the following data for the month of July:
Inventories:
Raw materials ....................
Work in process.................
Finished goods ..................
Beginning Ending
$36,000 $27,000
$13,000 $16,000
$36,000 $42,000
Additional information:
Sales ....................................................
Raw materials purchases .....................
Direct labor cost ..................................
Manufacturing overhead cost ..............
Selling expense....................................
Administrative expense .......................
$250,000
$76,000
$33,000
$81,000
$24,000
$29,000
129. The total manufacturing cost for July was:
A) $190,000
B) $114,000
C) $199,000
D) $81,000
Ans: C
Solution:
Beginning raw materials inventory .....................
Add: Raw materials purchased ............................
Raw materials available for use............................
Deduct: Ending raw materials inventory .............
Raw materials used ..............................................
Add: Direct labor costs ........................................
Add: Manufacturing overhead.............................
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
$ 36,000
76,000
112,000
27,000
85,000
33,000
81,000
$199,000
130. The cost of goods manufactured for July was:
A) $196,000
B) $190,000
C) $202,000
D) $199,000
Ans: A
Solution:
Beginning raw materials inventory .....................
Add: Raw materials purchased ............................
Raw materials available for use............................
Deduct: Ending raw materials inventory .............
Raw materials used ..............................................
Add: Direct labor costs ........................................
Add: Manufacturing overhead.............................
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
$ 36,000
76,000
112,000
27,000
85,000
33,000
81,000
$199,000
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
Add: Beginning work in process inventory ..........
Subtotal ................................................................
Deduct: Ending work in process inventory ..........
Cost of goods manufactured ................................
$199,000
13,000
212,000
16,000
$196,000
131. The cost of goods sold for July was:
A) $244,000
B) $138,000
C) $190,000
D) $202,000
Ans: C
Solution:
Beginning raw materials inventory .....................
Add: Raw materials purchased ............................
Raw materials available for use............................
Deduct: Ending raw materials inventory .............
Raw materials used ..............................................
Add: Direct labor costs ........................................
Add: Manufacturing overhead.............................
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
$ 36,000
76,000
112,000
27,000
85,000
33,000
81,000
$199,000
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
Add: Beginning work in process inventory ..........
Subtotal ................................................................
Deduct: Ending work in process inventory ..........
Cost of goods manufactured ................................
$199,000
13,000
212,000
16,000
$196,000
Beginning finished goods inventory....................
Add: Cost of goods manufactured ........................
Cost of goods available for sale ..........................
Deduct: Ending finished goods inventory ............
Cost of goods sold ...............................................
$ 36,000
196,000
232,000
42,000
$190,000
132. The net operating income for July was:
A) $7,000
B) $60,000
C) $83,000
D) $9,000
Ans: A
Solution:
Beginning raw materials inventory .....................
Add: Raw materials purchased .............................
Raw materials available for use...........................
Deduct: Ending raw materials inventory ..............
Raw materials used ..............................................
$36,000
76,000
112,000
27,000
$85,000
Raw materials used ..............................................
Direct labor ..........................................................
Manufacturing overhead.......................................
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
Add: Beginning work in process inventory .........
Subtotal ................................................................
Deduct: Ending work in process inventory .........
Cost of goods manufactured ................................
$ 85,000
33,000
81,000
199,000
13,000
212,000
16,000
$196,000
Beginning finished goods inventory....................
Add: Cost of goods manufactured ........................
Goods available for sale ......................................
Deduct: Ending finished goods inventory ............
Cost of goods sold ...............................................
$ 36,000
196,000
232,000
42,000
$190,000
Sales........................................................
Cost of goods sold ...................................
Gross margin ..........................................
Selling and administrative expenses:
Administrative expenses ..................... $29,000
Selling expenses .................................. 24,000
Net operating income .............................
$250,000
190,000
60,000
53,000
$ 7,000
Use the following to answer questions 133-136:
Management of Jarva Corporation has asked your help as an intern in preparing some key
reports for May. The company started the month with raw materials inventories of $29,000.
During the month, the company made raw materials purchases amounting to $72,000. At the
end of the month, raw materials inventories totaled $33,000. Direct labor cost was $36,000
and manufacturing overhead cost was $57,000. The beginning balance in the work in process
account was $24,000 and the ending balance was $16,000. The beginning balance in the
finished goods account was $35,000 and the ending balance was $46,000. Sales totaled
$220,000. Selling expense was $14,000 and administrative expense was $36,000.
133. The total manufacturing cost for May was:
A) $93,000
B) $57,000
C) $165,000
D) $161,000
Ans: D
Solution:
Beginning raw materials inventory .....................
Add: Raw materials purchased ............................
Raw materials available for use............................
Deduct: Ending raw materials inventory .............
Raw materials used ..............................................
Add: Direct labor costs ........................................
Add: Manufacturing overhead.............................
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
$ 29,000
72,000
101,000
33,000
68,000
36,000
57,000
$161,000
134. The cost of goods manufactured for May was:
A) $161,000
B) $165,000
C) $169,000
D) $153,000
Ans: C
Solution:
Beginning raw materials inventory .....................
Add: Raw materials purchased ............................
Raw materials available for use............................
Deduct: Ending raw materials inventory .............
Raw materials used ..............................................
Add: Direct labor costs ........................................
Add: Manufacturing overhead.............................
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
$ 29,000
72,000
101,000
33,000
68,000
36,000
57,000
$161,000
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
Add: Beginning work in process inventory ..........
Subtotal ................................................................
Deduct: Ending work in process inventory ..........
Cost of goods manufactured ................................
$161,000
24,000
185,000
16,000
$169,000
135. The cost of goods sold for May was:
A) $107,000
B) $180,000
C) $158,000
D) $209,000
Ans: C
Solution:
Beginning raw materials inventory .....................
Add: Raw materials purchased ............................
Raw materials available for use............................
Deduct: Ending raw materials inventory .............
Raw materials used ..............................................
Add: Direct labor costs ........................................
Add: Manufacturing overhead.............................
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
$ 29,000
72,000
101,000
33,000
68,000
36,000
57,000
$161,000
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
Add: Beginning work in process inventory ..........
Subtotal ................................................................
Deduct: Ending work in process inventory ..........
Cost of goods manufactured ................................
$161,000
24,000
185,000
16,000
$169,000
Beginning finished goods inventory....................
Add: Cost of goods manufactured ........................
Cost of goods available for sale ..........................
Deduct: Ending finished goods inventory ............
Cost of goods sold ...............................................
$ 35,000
169,000
204,000
46,000
$158,000
136. The net operating income for May was:
A) $77,000
B) $12,000
C) $62,000
D) $5,000
Ans: B
Solution:
Beginning raw materials inventory .....................
Add: Raw materials purchased .............................
Raw materials available for use...........................
Deduct: Ending raw materials inventory ..............
Raw materials used ..............................................
$ 29,000
72,000
101,000
33,000
$ 68,000
Raw materials used ..............................................
Direct labor ..........................................................
Manufacturing overhead.......................................
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
Add: Beginning work in process inventory .........
Subtotal ................................................................
Deduct: Ending work in process inventory .........
Cost of goods manufactured ................................
$ 68,000
36,000
57,000
161,000
24,000
185,000
16,000
$169,000
Beginning finished goods inventory....................
Add: Cost of goods manufactured ........................
Goods available for sale ......................................
Deduct: Ending finished goods inventory ............
Cost of goods sold ...............................................
$ 35,000
169,000
204,000
46,000
$158,000
Sales........................................................
Cost of goods sold ...................................
Gross margin ..........................................
Selling and administrative expenses:
Administrative expenses ..................... $36,000
Selling expenses .................................. 14,000
Net operating income .............................
$220,000
158,000
62,000
50,000
$ 12,000
Use the following to answer questions 137-139:
The following selected data for March were taken from Rubenstein Company's financial
statements:
Cost of goods available for sale ...................
Manufacturing overhead ..............................
Cost of goods manufactured.........................
Finished goods inventory, ending ................
Direct materials used ....................................
Sales .............................................................
Selling and administrative expenses ............
Direct labor...................................................
Work in process inventory, beginning .........
$65,000
$20,000
$51,000
$10,000
$15,000
$105,000
$30,000
$20,000
$0
137. The gross margin was:
A) $55,000
B) $54,000
C) $50,000
D) $40,000
Ans: C
Solution:
Step #1:
Cost of goods available for sale ..........................
Less: Finished goods inventory, ending ...............
Cost of goods sold ...............................................
$65,000
10,000
$55,000
Step #2:
Sales.....................................................................
Cost of goods sold ................................................
Gross margin .......................................................
$105,000
55,000
$ 50,000
138. The beginning finished goods inventory was:
A) $24,000
B) $9,000
C) $10,000
D) $14,000
Ans: D
Solution:
Finished goods inventory, beginning ..................
Add: Cost of goods manufactured ........................
Cost of goods available for sale ..........................
$14,000*
51,000
$65,000
* This item must be calculated by working backwards upward through the statements.
139. The ending work in process inventory was:
A) $4,000
B) $8,000
C) $10,000
D) $0
Ans: A
Solution:
Beginning work in process inventory ..................
Add: Direct materials ...........................................
Add: Direct labor .................................................
Add: Manufacturing overhead.............................
Deduct: Ending work in process inventory .........
Cost of goods manufactured ................................
$
0
15,000
20,000
20,000
55,000
4,000 *
$51,000
* This item must be calculated by working backwards upward through the statements.
Use the following to answer questions 140-143:
Dauenhauer Corporation reported the following data for the month of April:
Inventories:
Raw materials ....................
Work in process.................
Finished goods ..................
Beginning Ending
$27,000 $20,000
$10,000 $24,000
$38,000 $28,000
Additional information:
Sales ..........................................................
Raw materials purchases ...........................
Direct labor cost ........................................
Manufacturing overhead cost ....................
Selling expense..........................................
Administrative expense .............................
$230,000
$76,000
$30,000
$61,000
$22,000
$26,000
140. The total manufacturing cost for April was:
A) $61,000
B) $167,000
C) $91,000
D) $174,000
Ans: D
Solution:
Beginning raw materials inventory .....................
Add: Raw materials purchased ............................
Raw materials available for use............................
Deduct: Ending raw materials inventory .............
Raw materials used ..............................................
Add: Direct labor costs ........................................
Add: Manufacturing overhead.............................
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
$ 27,000
76,000
103,000
20,000
83,000
30,000
61,000
$174,000
141. The cost of goods manufactured for April was:
A) $160,000
B) $174,000
C) $167,000
D) $188,000
Ans: A
Solution:
Beginning raw materials inventory .....................
Add: Raw materials purchased ............................
Raw materials available for use............................
Deduct: Ending raw materials inventory .............
Raw materials used ..............................................
Add: Direct labor costs ........................................
Add: Manufacturing overhead.............................
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
$ 27,000
76,000
103,000
20,000
83,000
30,000
61,000
$174,000
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
Add: Beginning work in process inventory ..........
Subtotal ................................................................
Deduct: Ending work in process inventory ..........
Cost of goods manufactured ................................
$174,000
10,000
184,000
24,000
$160,000
142. The cost of goods sold for April was:
A) $240,000
B) $170,000
C) $150,000
D) $113,000
Ans: B
Solution:
Beginning raw materials inventory .....................
Add: Raw materials purchased ............................
Raw materials available for use............................
Deduct: Ending raw materials inventory .............
Raw materials used ..............................................
Add: Direct labor costs ........................................
Add: Manufacturing overhead.............................
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
$ 27,000
76,000
103,000
20,000
83,000
30,000
61,000
$174,000
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
Add: Beginning work in process inventory ..........
Subtotal ................................................................
Deduct: Ending work in process inventory ..........
Cost of goods manufactured ................................
$174,000
10,000
184,000
24,000
$160,000
Beginning finished goods inventory....................
Add: Cost of goods manufactured ........................
Cost of goods available for sale ..........................
Deduct: Ending finished goods inventory ............
Cost of goods sold ...............................................
$ 38,000
160,000
198,000
28,000
$170,000
143. The net operating income for April was:
A) $60,000
B) $15,000
C) $12,000
D) $91,000
Ans: C
Solution:
Beginning raw materials inventory .....................
Add: Raw materials purchased .............................
Raw materials available for use...........................
Deduct: Ending raw materials inventory ..............
Raw materials used ..............................................
$27,000
76,000
103,000
20,000
$83,000
Raw materials used ..............................................
Direct labor ..........................................................
Manufacturing overhead.......................................
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
Add: Beginning work in process inventory .........
Subtotal ................................................................
Deduct: Ending work in process inventory .........
Cost of goods manufactured ................................
$ 83,000
30,000
61,000
174,000
10,000
184,000
24,000
$160,000
Beginning finished goods inventory....................
Add: Cost of goods manufactured ........................
Goods available for sale ......................................
Deduct: Ending finished goods inventory ............
Cost of goods sold ...............................................
$ 38,000
160,000
198,000
28,000
$170,000
Sales........................................................
Cost of goods sold ...................................
Gross margin ..........................................
Selling and administrative expenses:
Administrative expenses ..................... $26,000
Selling expenses .................................. 22,000
Net operating income .............................
$230,000
170,000
60,000
48,000
$ 12,000
Use the following to answer questions 144-145:
Juart Corporation reported the following data for the month of December:
Inventories:
Raw materials ....................
Work in process.................
Finished goods ..................
Beginning Ending
$26,000 $38,000
$22,000 $21,000
$54,000 $56,000
Additional information:
Sales ..............................................
Raw materials purchases ...............
Direct labor cost ............................
Manufacturing overhead cost ........
Selling expense..............................
Administrative expense .................
$230,000
$78,000
$24,000
$58,000
$15,000
$45,000
144. The cost of goods sold for December was:
A) $147,000
B) $97,000
C) $228,000
D) $151,000
Ans: A
LO: 3,4
Solution:
Beginning raw materials inventory .....................
Add: Raw materials purchased ............................
Raw materials available for use............................
Deduct: Ending raw materials inventory .............
Raw materials used ..............................................
Add: Direct labor costs ........................................
Add: Manufacturing overhead.............................
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
Total manufacturing costs ....................................
Add: Beginning work in process inventory .........
Subtotal ................................................................
Deduct: Ending work in process inventory..........
Cost of goods manufactured ................................
Beginning finished goods inventory....................
Add: Cost of goods manufactured ........................
Cost of goods available for sale ..........................
Deduct: Ending finished goods inventory ............
Cost of goods sold ...............................................
$ 26,000
78,000
104,000
38,000
66,000
24,000
58,000
$148,000
$148,000
22,000
170,000
21,000
$149,000
$ 54,000
149,000
203,000
56,000
$147,000
145. The net operating income for December was:
A) $23,000
B) $83,000
C) $88,000
D) $10,000
Ans: A
Solution:
Beginning raw materials inventory .....................
Add: Raw materials purchased ............................
Raw materials available for use............................
Deduct: Ending raw materials inventory .............
Raw materials used ..............................................
Add: Direct labor costs ........................................
Add: Manufacturing overhead.............................
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
$ 26,000
78,000
104,000
38,000
66,000
24,000
58,000
$148,000
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
Add: Beginning work in process inventory ..........
Subtotal ................................................................
Deduct: Ending work in process inventory ..........
Cost of goods manufactured ................................
$148,000
22,000
170,000
21,000
$149,000
Beginning finished goods inventory....................
Add: Cost of goods manufactured ........................
Cost of goods available for sale ..........................
Deduct: Ending finished goods inventory ............
Cost of goods sold ...............................................
$ 54,000
149,000
203,000
56,000
$147,000
Sales........................................................
Cost of goods sold ...................................
Gross margin ..........................................
Selling and administrative expenses:
Administrative expenses ..................... $45,000
Selling expenses .................................. 15,000
Net operating income .............................
$230,000
147,000
83,000
60,000
$ 23,000
Use the following to answer questions 146-147:
Steenbergen Corporation reported the following data for the month of June:
Inventories:
Raw materials ....................
Work in process.................
Finished goods ..................
Beginning Ending
$39,000 $32,000
$24,000 $23,000
$28,000 $30,000
Additional information:
Sales ..............................................
Raw materials purchases ...............
Direct labor cost ............................
Manufacturing overhead cost ........
Selling expense..............................
Administrative expense .................
$250,000
$50,000
$44,000
$71,000
$21,000
$27,000
146. The total manufacturing cost for June was:
A) $165,000
B) $71,000
C) $115,000
D) $172,000
Ans: D
Solution:
Beginning raw materials inventory .....................
Add: Raw materials purchased ............................
Raw materials available for use............................
Deduct: Ending raw materials inventory .............
Raw materials used ..............................................
Add: Direct labor costs ........................................
Add: Manufacturing overhead.............................
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
$ 39,000
50,000
89,000
32,000
57,000
44,000
71,000
$172,000
147. The net operating income for June was:
A) $37,000
B) $87,000
C) $79,000
D) $31,000
Ans: D
Solution:
Beginning raw materials inventory .....................
Add: Raw materials purchased ............................
Raw materials available for use............................
Deduct: Ending raw materials inventory .............
Raw materials used ..............................................
Add: Direct labor costs ........................................
Add: Manufacturing overhead.............................
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
$ 39,000
50,000
89,000
32,000
57,000
44,000
71,000
$172,000
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
Add: Beginning work in process inventory ..........
Subtotal ................................................................
Deduct: Ending work in process inventory ..........
Cost of goods manufactured ................................
$172,000
24,000
196,000
23,000
$173,000
Beginning finished goods inventory....................
Add: Cost of goods manufactured ........................
Cost of goods available for sale ..........................
Deduct: Ending finished goods inventory ............
Cost of goods sold ...............................................
$ 28,000
173,000
201,000
30,000
$171,000
Use the following to answer questions 148-151:
Management of Thede Corporation has asked your help as an intern in preparing some key
reports for July. The beginning balance in the raw materials inventory account was $29,000.
During the month, the company made raw materials purchases amounting to $55,000. At the
end of the month, the balance in the raw materials inventory account was $37,000. Direct
labor cost was $41,000 and manufacturing overhead cost was $61,000. The beginning balance
in the work in process account was $22,000 and the ending balance was $23,000. The
beginning balance in the finished goods account was $42,000 and the ending balance was
$55,000. Sales totaled $230,000. Selling expense was $13,000 and administrative expense
was $32,000.
148. The total manufacturing cost for July was:
A) $157,000
B) $149,000
C) $61,000
D) $102,000
Ans: B
Solution:
Beginning raw materials inventory .....................
Add: Raw materials purchased ............................
Raw materials available for use............................
Deduct: Ending raw materials inventory .............
Raw materials used ..............................................
Add: Direct labor costs ........................................
Add: Manufacturing overhead.............................
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
$ 29,000
55,000
84,000
37,000
47,000
41,000
61,000
$149,000
149. The cost of goods manufactured for July was:
A) $149,000
B) $150,000
C) $148,000
D) $157,000
Ans: C
Solution:
Beginning raw materials inventory .....................
Add: Raw materials purchased ............................
Raw materials available for use............................
Deduct: Ending raw materials inventory .............
Raw materials used ..............................................
Add: Direct labor costs ........................................
Add: Manufacturing overhead.............................
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
$ 29,000
55,000
84,000
37,000
47,000
41,000
61,000
$149,000
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
Add: Beginning work in process inventory ..........
Subtotal ................................................................
Deduct: Ending work in process inventory ..........
Cost of goods manufactured ................................
$149,000
22,000
171,000
23,000
$148,000
150. The cost of goods sold for July was:
A) $217,000
B) $135,000
C) $161,000
D) $115,000
Ans: B
Solution:
Beginning raw materials inventory .....................
Add: Raw materials purchased ............................
Raw materials available for use............................
Deduct: Ending raw materials inventory .............
Raw materials used ..............................................
Add: Direct labor costs ........................................
Add: Manufacturing overhead.............................
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
$ 29,000
55,000
84,000
37,000
47,000
41,000
61,000
$149,000
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
Add: Beginning work in process inventory ..........
Subtotal ................................................................
Deduct: Ending work in process inventory ..........
Cost of goods manufactured ................................
$149,000
22,000
171,000
23,000
$148,000
Beginning finished goods inventory....................
Add: Cost of goods manufactured ........................
Cost of goods available for sale ..........................
Deduct: Ending finished goods inventory ............
Cost of goods sold ...............................................
$ 42,000
148,000
190,000
55,000
$135,000
151. The net operating income for July was:
A) $28,000
B) $95,000
C) $50,000
D) $83,000
Ans: C
Solution:
Beginning raw materials inventory .....................
Add: Raw materials purchased ............................
Raw materials available for use............................
Deduct: Ending raw materials inventory .............
Raw materials used ..............................................
Add: Direct labor costs ........................................
Add: Manufacturing overhead.............................
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
$ 29,000
55,000
84,000
37,000
47,000
41,000
61,000
$149,000
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
Add: Beginning work in process inventory ..........
Subtotal ................................................................
Deduct: Ending work in process inventory ..........
Cost of goods manufactured ................................
$149,000
22,000
171,000
23,000
$148,000
Beginning finished goods inventory....................
Add: Cost of goods manufactured ........................
Cost of goods available for sale ..........................
Deduct: Ending finished goods inventory ............
Cost of goods sold ...............................................
$ 42,000
148,000
190,000
55,000
$135,000
Sales........................................................
Cost of goods sold ...................................
Gross margin ..........................................
Selling and administrative expenses:
Administrative expenses ..................... $32,000
Selling expenses .................................. 13,000
Net operating income .............................
$230,000
135,000
95,000
45,000
$ 50,000
Use the following to answer questions 152-153:
The CFO of Claussen Corporation has provided the following data for June. The beginning
balance in the raw materials inventory account was $38,000. During the month, the company
made raw materials purchases amounting to $53,000. At the end of the month, the balance in
the raw materials inventory account was $27,000. Direct labor cost was $33,000 and
manufacturing overhead cost was $74,000. The beginning balance in the work in process
account was $24,000 and the ending balance was $23,000. The beginning balance in the
finished goods account was $57,000 and the ending balance was $55,000. Sales totaled
$290,000. Selling expense was $17,000 and administrative expense was $43,000.
152. The cost of goods sold for June was:
A) $174,000
B) $170,000
C) $292,000
D) $124,000
Ans: A
LO: 3,4
Solution:
Beginning raw materials inventory .....................
Add: Raw materials purchased ............................
Raw materials available for use............................
Deduct: Ending raw materials inventory .............
Raw materials used ..............................................
Add: Direct labor costs ........................................
Add: Manufacturing overhead.............................
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
$ 38,000
53,000
91,000
27,000
64,000
33,000
74,000
$171,000
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
Add: Beginning work in process inventory ..........
Subtotal ................................................................
Deduct: Ending work in process inventory ..........
Cost of goods manufactured ................................
$171,000
24,000
195,000
23,000
$172,000
Beginning finished goods inventory....................
Add: Cost of goods manufactured ........................
Cost of goods available for sale ..........................
Deduct: Ending finished goods inventory ............
Cost of goods sold ...............................................
$ 57,000
172,000
229,000
55,000
$174,000
153. The net operating income for June was:
A) $56,000
B) $123,000
C) $70,000
D) $116,000
Ans: A
LO: 3,4
Solution:
Beginning raw materials inventory .....................
Add: Raw materials purchased ............................
Raw materials available for use............................
Deduct: Ending raw materials inventory .............
Raw materials used ..............................................
Add: Direct labor costs ........................................
Add: Manufacturing overhead.............................
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
$ 38,000
53,000
91,000
27,000
64,000
33,000
74,000
$171,000
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
Add: Beginning work in process inventory ..........
Subtotal ................................................................
Deduct: Ending work in process inventory ..........
Cost of goods manufactured ................................
$171,000
24,000
195,000
23,000
$172,000
Beginning finished goods inventory....................
Add: Cost of goods manufactured ........................
Cost of goods available for sale ..........................
Deduct: Ending finished goods inventory ............
Cost of goods sold ...............................................
$ 57,000
172,000
229,000
55,000
$174,000
Sales........................................................
Cost of goods sold ...................................
Gross margin ..........................................
Selling and administrative expenses:
Administrative expenses ..................... $43,000
Selling expenses .................................. 17,000
Net operating income .............................
$290,000
174,000
116,000
60,000
$ 56,000
Use the following to answer questions 154-155:
Downin Corporation has provided the following data for May. The beginning balance in the
raw materials inventory account was $34,000. During the month, the company made raw
materials purchases amounting to $65,000. At the end of the month, the balance in the raw
materials inventory account was $29,000. Direct labor cost was $30,000 and manufacturing
overhead cost was $56,000. The beginning balance in the work in process account was
$15,000 and the ending balance was $16,000. The beginning balance in the finished goods
account was $41,000 and the ending balance was $57,000. Sales totaled $220,000. Selling
expense was $21,000 and administrative expense was $42,000.
154. The total manufacturing cost for May was:
A) $156,000
B) $86,000
C) $151,000
D) $56,000
Ans: A
Solution:
Beginning raw materials inventory .....................
Add: Raw materials purchased ............................
Raw materials available for use............................
Deduct: Ending raw materials inventory .............
Raw materials used ..............................................
Add: Direct labor costs ........................................
Add: Manufacturing overhead.............................
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
$ 34,000
65,000
99,000
29,000
70,000
30,000
56,000
$156,000
155. The net operating income for May was:
A) $71,000
B) $81,000
C) $6,000
D) $18,000
Ans: D
Solution:
Beginning raw materials inventory .....................
Add: Raw materials purchased ............................
Raw materials available for use............................
Deduct: Ending raw materials inventory .............
Raw materials used ..............................................
Add: Direct labor costs ........................................
Add: Manufacturing overhead.............................
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
$ 34,000
65,000
99,000
29,000
70,000
30,000
56,000
$156,000
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
Add: Beginning work in process inventory ..........
Subtotal ................................................................
Deduct: Ending work in process inventory ..........
Cost of goods manufactured ................................
$156,000
15,000
171,000
16,000
$155,000
Beginning finished goods inventory....................
Add: Cost of goods manufactured ........................
Cost of goods available for sale ..........................
Deduct: Ending finished goods inventory ............
Cost of goods sold ...............................................
$ 41,000
155,000
196,000
57,000
$139,000
Sales........................................................
Cost of goods sold ...................................
Gross margin ..........................................
Selling and administrative expenses:
Administrative expenses ..................... $42,000
Selling expenses .................................. 21,000
Net operating income .............................
$220,000
139,000
81,000
63,000
$ 18,000
Use the following to answer questions 156-157:
Yore Corporation has provided the following data for the month of June. The beginning
balance in the finished goods inventory account was $35,000 and the ending balance was
$26,000. Sales totaled $220,000. Cost of goods manufactured was $99,000, selling expense
was $15,000, and administrative expense was $46,000.
156. The cost of goods sold for June was:
A) $99,000
B) $160,000
C) $90,000
D) $108,000
Ans: D
Solution:
Beginning finished goods inventory....................
Add: Cost of goods manufactured ........................
Cost of goods available for sale ..........................
Deduct: Ending finished goods inventory ............
Cost of goods sold ...............................................
157. The net operating income for June was:
A) $51,000
B) $60,000
C) $121,000
D) $130,000
Ans: A
$ 35,000
99,000
134,000
26,000
$108,000
Solution:
Beginning finished goods inventory....................
Add: Cost of goods manufactured ........................
Cost of goods available for sale ..........................
Deduct: Ending finished goods inventory ............
Cost of goods sold ...............................................
$ 35,000
99,000
134,000
26,000
$108,000
Sales........................................................
Cost of goods sold ...................................
Gross margin ..........................................
Selling and administrative expenses:
Administrative expenses ..................... $46,000
Selling expenses .................................. 15,000
Net operating income .............................
$220,000
108,000
112,000
61,000
$ 51,000
Use the following to answer questions 158-159:
Streif Inc., a local retailer, has provided the following data for the month of June:
Merchandise inventory, beginning balance .....................
Merchandise inventory, ending balance ..........................
Sales ................................................................................
Purchases of merchandise inventory ...............................
Selling expense................................................................
Administrative expense ...................................................
$46,000
$52,000
$260,000
$128,000
$13,000
$40,000
158. The cost of goods sold for June was:
A) $128,000
B) $181,000
C) $122,000
D) $134,000
Ans: C
Solution:
Beginning finished goods inventory....................
Add: Cost of goods manufactured ........................
Cost of goods available for sale ..........................
Deduct: Ending finished goods inventory ............
Cost of goods sold ...............................................
$ 46,000
128,000
174,000
52,000
$122,000
159. The net operating income for June was:
A) $132,000
B) $126,000
C) $85,000
D) $79,000
Ans: C
Solution:
Beginning finished goods inventory....................
Add: Cost of goods manufactured ........................
Cost of goods available for sale ..........................
Deduct: Ending finished goods inventory ............
Cost of goods sold ...............................................
$ 46,000
128,000
174,000
52,000
$122,000
Sales........................................................
Cost of goods sold ...................................
Gross margin ..........................................
Selling and administrative expenses:
Administrative expenses ..................... $40,000
Selling expenses .................................. 13,000
Net operating income .............................
$260,000
122,000
138,000
53,000
$ 85,000
Use the following to answer questions 160-161:
Mcclean Corporation reported the following data for the month of October:
Inventories:
Raw materials ....................
Work in process.................
Finished goods ..................
Beginning Ending
$29,000 $36,000
$19,000 $21,000
$55,000 $53,000
Additional information:
Raw materials purchases ...............
Direct labor cost ............................
Manufacturing overhead cost ........
Selling expense..............................
Administrative expense .................
$75,000
$45,000
$64,000
$16,000
$44,000
160. The total manufacturing cost for October was:
A) $177,000
B) $184,000
C) $64,000
D) $109,000
Ans: A
Solution:
Beginning raw materials inventory .....................
Add: Raw materials purchased ............................
Raw materials available for use............................
Deduct: Ending raw materials inventory .............
Raw materials used ..............................................
Add: Direct labor costs ........................................
Add: Manufacturing overhead.............................
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
$ 29,000
75,000
104,000
36,000
68,000
45,000
64,000
$177,000
161. The cost of goods manufactured for October was:
A) $177,000
B) $175,000
C) $184,000
D) $179,000
Ans: B
Solution:
Beginning raw materials inventory .....................
Add: Raw materials purchased ............................
Raw materials available for use............................
Deduct: Ending raw materials inventory .............
Raw materials used ..............................................
Add: Direct labor costs ........................................
Add: Manufacturing overhead.............................
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
$ 29,000
75,000
104,000
36,000
68,000
45,000
64,000
$177,000
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
Add: Beginning work in process inventory ..........
Subtotal ................................................................
Deduct: Ending work in process inventory ..........
Cost of goods manufactured ................................
$177,000
19,000
196,000
21,000
$175,000
Use the following to answer questions 162-163:
Vives Corporation reported the following data for the month of April:
Inventories:
Raw materials ....................
Work in process.................
Finished goods ..................
Beginning Ending
$27,000 $21,000
$21,000 $10,000
$48,000 $41,000
Additional information:
Raw materials purchases ...............
Direct labor cost ............................
Manufacturing overhead cost ........
$79,000
$27,000
$89,000
162. The cost of goods manufactured for April was:
A) $212,000
B) $190,000
C) $201,000
D) $195,000
Ans: A
Solution:
Beginning raw materials inventory .....................
Add: Raw materials purchased ............................
Raw materials available for use............................
Deduct: Ending raw materials inventory .............
Raw materials used ..............................................
Add: Direct labor costs ........................................
Add: Manufacturing overhead.............................
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
$ 27,000
79,000
106,000
21,000
85,000
27,000
89,000
$201,000
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
Add: Beginning work in process inventory ..........
Subtotal ................................................................
Deduct: Ending work in process inventory ..........
Cost of goods manufactured ................................
$201,000
21,000
222,000
10,000
$212,000
163. The cost of goods sold for April was:
A) $267,000
B) $205,000
C) $219,000
D) $132,000
Ans: C
Solution:
Beginning raw materials inventory .....................
Add: Raw materials purchased ............................
Raw materials available for use............................
Deduct: Ending raw materials inventory .............
Raw materials used ..............................................
Add: Direct labor costs ........................................
Add: Manufacturing overhead.............................
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
$ 27,000
79,000
106,000
21,000
85,000
27,000
89,000
$201,000
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
Add: Beginning work in process inventory ..........
Subtotal ................................................................
Deduct: Ending work in process inventory ..........
Cost of goods manufactured ................................
$201,000
21,000
222,000
10,000
$212,000
Beginning finished goods inventory....................
Add: Cost of goods manufactured ........................
Cost of goods available for sale ..........................
Deduct: Ending finished goods inventory ............
Cost of goods sold ...............................................
$ 48,000
212,000
260,000
41,000
$219,000
Use the following to answer questions 164-165:
Server Corporation has provided the following data for July. The beginning balance in the raw
materials inventory account was $22,000. During the month, the company made raw materials
purchases amounting to $76,000. At the end of the month, the balance in the raw materials
inventory account was $36,000. Direct labor cost was $25,000 and manufacturing overhead
cost was $79,000. The beginning balance in the work in process account was $11,000 and the
ending balance was $20,000. The beginning balance in the finished goods account was
$43,000 and the ending balance was $39,000.
164. The total manufacturing cost for July was:
A) $166,000
B) $104,000
C) $79,000
D) $180,000
Ans: A
Solution:
Beginning raw materials inventory .....................
Add: Raw materials purchased ............................
Raw materials available for use............................
Deduct: Ending raw materials inventory .............
Raw materials used ..............................................
Add: Direct labor costs ........................................
Add: Manufacturing overhead.............................
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
165. The cost of goods manufactured for July was:
A) $166,000
B) $157,000
C) $180,000
D) $175,000
Ans: B
$ 22,000
76,000
98,000
36,000
62,000
25,000
79,000
$166,000
Solution:
Beginning raw materials inventory .....................
Add: Raw materials purchased ............................
Raw materials available for use............................
Deduct: Ending raw materials inventory .............
Raw materials used ..............................................
Add: Direct labor costs ........................................
Add: Manufacturing overhead.............................
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
$ 22,000
76,000
98,000
36,000
62,000
25,000
79,000
$166,000
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
Add: Beginning work in process inventory ..........
Subtotal ................................................................
Deduct: Ending work in process inventory ..........
Cost of goods manufactured ................................
$166,000
11,000
177,000
20,000
$157,000
Use the following to answer questions 166-167:
At a sales volume of 20,000 units, Choice Corporation's sales commissions (a cost that is
variable with respect to sales volume) total $132,000.
166. To the nearest whole dollar, what should be the total sales commissions at a sales
volume of 18,400 units? (Assume that this sales volume is within the relevant range.)
A) $126,720
B) $132,000
C) $121,440
D) $143,478
Ans: C
LO: 5
Solution:
$132,000 ÷ 20,000 = $6.60 per unit
18,400 units × $6.60 = $121,440
167. To the nearest whole cent, what should be the average sales commission per unit at a
sales volume of 18,500 units? (Assume that this sales volume is within the relevant
range.)
A) $6.60
B) $6.87
C) $7.17
D) $7.14
Ans: A
LO: 5
Solution:
$132,000 ÷ 20,000 = $6.60 per unit average cost
Use the following to answer questions 168-169:
At a sales volume of 38,000 units, Tirri Corporation's property taxes (a cost that is fixed with
respect to sales volume) total $733,400.
168. To the nearest whole dollar, what should be the total property taxes at a sales volume
of 37,200 units? (Assume that this sales volume is within the relevant range.)
A) $725,680
B) $733,400
C) $749,172
D) $717,960
Ans: B
LO: 5
Solution:
Fixed costs do not change with changes in volume; therefore, fixed costs will total
$733,400 at a sales volume of 37,200 units.
169. To the nearest whole cent, what should be the average property tax per unit at a sales
volume of 37,300 units? (Assume that this sales volume is within the relevant range.)
A) $19.30
B) $19.66
C) $19.72
D) $19.48
Ans: B
LO: 5
Solution:
$733,400 ÷ 37,300 units = $19.66 per unit (rounded)
Use the following to answer questions 170-171:
Leas Corporation staffs a helpline to answer questions from customers. The costs of operating
the helpline are variable with respect to the number of calls in a month. At a volume of 25,000
calls in a month, the costs of operating the helpline total $452,500.
170. To the nearest whole dollar, what should be the total cost of operating the helpline
costs at a volume of 23,900 calls in a month? (Assume that this call volume is within
the relevant range.)
A) $442,545
B) $452,500
C) $473,326
D) $432,590
Ans: D
LO: 5
Solution:
$452,500 ÷ 25,000 calls = $18.10 per call
$18.10 per call × 23,900 calls = $432,590
171. To the nearest whole cent, what should be the average cost of operating the helpline
per call at a volume of 25,300 calls in a month? (Assume that this call volume is
within the relevant range.)
A) $18.93
B) $18.00
C) $17.89
D) $18.10
Ans: D
LO: 5
Solution:
$452,500 ÷ 25,000 calls = $18.10 per call (average)
Use the following to answer questions 172-173:
Batterson Corporation leases its corporate headquarters building. This lease cost is fixed with
respect to the company's sales volume. In a recent month in which the sales volume was
28,000 units, the lease cost was $697,200.
172. To the nearest whole dollar, what should be the total lease cost at a sales volume of
29,200 units in a month? (Assume that this sales volume is within the relevant range.)
A) $712,140
B) $697,200
C) $727,080
D) $668,548
Ans: B
LO: 5
Solution:
Fixed costs do not change with changes in volume; therefore, fixed costs will total
$697,200 at all sales levels within the relevant range.
173. To the nearest whole cent, what should be the average lease cost per unit at a sales
volume of 26,400 units in a month? (Assume that this sales volume is within the
relevant range.)
A) $25.66
B) $24.90
C) $23.88
D) $26.41
Ans: D
LO: 5
Solution:
$697,200 ÷ 26,400 units = $26.41 (rounded)
Use the following to answer questions 174-175:
The following cost data pertain to the operations of Ladwig Department Stores, Inc., for the
month of December.
Corporate legal office salaries ..............................................
Shoe Department cost of sales--Brentwood Store ...............
Corporate headquarters building lease .................................
Store manager’s salary--Brentwood Store ...........................
Shoe Department sales commissions--Brentwood Store .....
Store utilities--Brentwood Store ..........................................
Shoe Department manager’s salary--Brentwood Store ........
Central warehouse lease cost ...............................................
Janitorial costs--Brentwood Store ........................................
$68,000
$66,000
$86,000
$10,000
$5,000
$11,000
$3,000
$3,000
$11,000
The Brentwood Store is just one of many stores owned and operated by the company. The
Shoe Department is one of many departments at the Brentwood Store. The central warehouse
serves all of the company's stores.
174. What is the total amount of the costs listed above that are direct costs of the Shoe
Department?
A) $66,000
B) $74,000
C) $106,000
D) $71,000
Ans: B
LO: 6
Solution:
Shoe Department cost of sales–Brentwood Store ................
Shoe Department sales commissions–Brentwood Store ......
Shoe Department Manager’s Salary–Brentwood Store........
Total direct costs ..................................................................
$66,000
5,000
3,000
$74,000
175. What is the total amount of the costs listed above that are NOT direct costs of the
Brentwood Store?
A) $74,000
B) $32,000
C) $157,000
D) $86,000
Ans: C
LO: 6
Solution:
Corporate legal office salaries ...................
Corporate headquarters building lease ......
Central warehouse lease cost .....................
Total...........................................................
$ 68,000
86,000
3,000
$157,000
Use the following to answer questions 176-177:
The following cost data pertain to the operations of Quinonez Department Stores, Inc., for the
month of September.
Corporate headquarters building lease .............................................
Cosmetics Department sales commissions–Northridge Store..........
Corporate legal office salaries ..........................................................
Store manager’s salary–Northridge Store ........................................
Heating–Northridge Store ................................................................
Cosmetics Department cost of sales–Northridge Store ....................
Central warehouse lease cost ...........................................................
Store security–Northridge Store .......................................................
Cosmetics Department manager’s salary–Northridge Store ............
$77,000
$4,000
$59,000
$11,000
$10,000
$37,000
$16,000
$12,000
$4,000
The Northridge Store is just one of many stores owned and operated by the company. The
Cosmetics Department is one of many departments at the Northridge Store. The central
warehouse serves all of the company's stores.
176. What is the total amount of the costs listed above that are direct costs of the Cosmetics
Department?
A) $78,000
B) $45,000
C) $41,000
D) $37,000
Ans: B
LO: 6
Solution:
Cosmetics Department sales commissions–Northridge Store .......... $ 4,000
Cosmetics Department cost of sales–Northridge Store .................... 37,000
Cosmetics Department manager’s salary–Northridge Store ............
4,000
Total direct costs .............................................................................. $45,000
177. What is the total amount of the costs listed above that are NOT direct costs of the
Northridge Store?
A) $152,000
B) $33,000
C) $45,000
D) $77,000
Ans: A
LO: 6
Solution:
Corporate headquarters building lease ......
Corporate legal office salaries ...................
Central warehouse lease cost .....................
Total costs which are NOT direct..............
$ 77,000
59,000
16,000
$152,000
Use the following to answer questions 178-180:
A trucking business is considering whether to give up its local delivery routes or to expand its
long haul (over 100 miles) operations.
178. In this decision, the original cost of any of the trucks that it currently owns can best be
described as a(n):
A) opportunity cost
B) conversion cost
C) sunk cost
D) differential (incremental) cost
Ans: C
179. In this decision, the wage costs of the additional drivers that will have to be hired for
the long haul operations can best be described as a(n):
A) opportunity cost
B) administrative cost
C) sunk cost
D) differential (incremental) cost
Ans: D
180. In this decision, the lost income from the local delivery routes given up can best be
described as a(n):
A) opportunity cost
B) conversion cost
C) sunk cost
D) differential (incremental) cost
Ans: A
Use the following to answer questions 181-183:
Dominik Corporation purchased a machine 5 years ago for $527,000 when it launched
product M08Y. Unfortunately, this machine has broken down and cannot be repaired. The
machine could be replaced by a new model 310 machine costing $545,000 or by a new model
240 machine costing $450,000. Management has decided to buy the model 240 machine. It
has less capacity than the model 310 machine, but its capacity is sufficient to continue making
product M08Y. Management also considered, but rejected, the alternative of dropping product
M08Y and not replacing the old machine. If that were done, the $450,000 invested in the new
machine could instead have been invested in a project that would have returned a total of
$532,000.
181. In making the decision to buy the model 240 machine rather than the model 310
machine, the differential cost was:
A) $95,000
B) $5,000
C) $77,000
D) $18,000
Ans: A
Solution:
Model 310 cost ..............................
Model 240 cost ..............................
Differential cost .............................
$545,000
450,000
$ 95,000
182. In making the decision to buy the model 240 machine rather than the model 310
machine, the sunk cost was:
A) $545,000
B) $450,000
C) $527,000
D) $532,000
Ans: C
Solution:
The original cost of $527,000 is a sunk cost.
183. In making the decision to invest in the model 240 machine, the opportunity cost was:
A) $545,000
B) $450,000
C) $532,000
D) $527,000
Ans: C
Solution:
The opportunity cost is the proceeds from the project that would have yielded
$532,000.
Use the following to answer questions 184-186:
Management of Plascencia Corporation is considering whether to purchase a new model 370
machine costing $360,000 or a new model 220 machine costing $340,000 to replace a
machine that was purchased 7 years ago for $348,000. The old machine was used to make
product I43L until it broke down last week. Unfortunately, the old machine cannot be
repaired.
Management has decided to buy the new model 220 machine. It has less capacity than the
new model 370 machine, but its capacity is sufficient to continue making product I43L.
Management also considered, but rejected, the alternative of simply dropping product I43L. If
that were done, instead of investing $340,000 in the new machine, the money could be
invested in a project that would return a total of $411,000.
184. In making the decision to buy the model 220 machine rather than the model 370
machine, the sunk cost was:
A) $348,000
B) $340,000
C) $360,000
D) $411,000
Ans: A
Solution:
The original cost of the machine purchased 7 years ago for $348,000 is a sunk cost.
185. In making the decision to buy the model 220 machine rather than the model 370
machine, the differential cost was:
A) $20,000
B) $8,000
C) $12,000
D) $63,000
Ans: A
Solution:
Cost of model 370 machine .......................
Cost of model 220 machine .......................
Differential cost .........................................
$360,000
340,000
$ 20,000
186. In making the decision to invest in the model 220 machine, the opportunity cost was:
A) $348,000
B) $340,000
C) $360,000
D) $411,000
Ans: D
Solution:
The opportunity cost is the proceeds from the project that would have yielded
$411,000.
Use the following to answer questions 187-190:
(Appendix 2A) Debra works on the assembly line of a manufacturing company where she
installs a component part for one of the company's products. She is paid $16 per hour for
regular time and time and a half for all work in excess of 40 hours per week.
187. Debra works 42 hours during a week in which there was no idle time. The allocation
of Debra's wages for the week between direct labor cost and manufacturing overhead
cost would be:
Direct Labor Manufacturing Overhead
A)
$664
$24
B)
$688
$0
C)
$640
$48
D)
$672
$16
Ans: D
Solution:
Total wages for the week:
Regular time: 40 hours × $16 per hour ..................
Overtime: 2 hours × $24 per hour ..........................
Total wages ................................................................
Allocation of total wages:
Direct labor: 42 hours × $16 per hour ....................
Manufacturing overhead: 2 hours × $8 per hour ....
Total wages ................................................................
$640
48
$688
$672
16
$688
188. Debra works 43 hours in a given week but is idle for 4 hours during the week due to
equipment breakdowns. The allocation of Debra's wages for the week between direct
labor cost and manufacturing overhead cost would be:
Direct Labor Manufacturing Overhead
A)
$712
$0
B)
$688
$24
C)
$624
$88
D)
$640
$72
Ans: C
Solution:
Total wages for the week:
Regular time: 40 hours × $16 per hour ..................
Overtime: 3 hours × $24 per hour ..........................
Total wages ................................................................
Allocation of total wages:
Direct labor: 39 hours × $16 per hour ....................
Manufacturing overhead:
Idle time: 4 hours × $16 per hour .......................
Overtime premium: 3 hours × $8 per hour .........
Total wages ................................................................
$640
72
$712
$624
$64
24
88
$712
189. Debra's employer offers fringe benefits that cost the company $3 for each hour of
employee time (both regular and overtime). During a given week, Debra works 42
hours but is idle for 3 hours due to material shortages. The company treats all fringe
benefits as part of manufacturing overhead. The allocation of Debra's wages and
fringe benefits for the week between direct labor cost and manufacturing overhead
would be:
Direct Labor Manufacturing Overhead
A)
$688
$126
B)
$624
$190
C)
$672
$142
D)
$640
$174
Ans: B
Solution:
Total wages and fringe benefits for the week:
Regular time: 40 hours × $16 per hour ..................
Overtime: 2 hours × $24 per hour ..........................
Fringe benefits: 42 hours × $3 per hour .................
Total wages and fringe benefits ..........................
Allocation of wages and fringe benefits:
Direct labor: 39 hours × $16 per hour ....................
Manufacturing overhead:
Idle time: 3 hours × $16 per hour .......................
Overtime premium: 2 hours × $8 per hour .........
Fringe benefits: 42 hours × $3 per hour .............
Total wages and fringe benefits .................................
$640
48
126
$814
$624
$ 48
16
126
190
$814
190. Debra's employer offers fringe benefits that cost the company $3 for each hour of
employee time (both regular and overtime). During a given week, Debra works 42
hours but is idle for 3 hours due to material shortages. The company treats all fringe
benefits relating to direct labor as added direct labor cost and the remainder as part of
manufacturing overhead. The allocation of Debra's wages and fringe benefits for the
week between direct labor cost and manufacturing overhead would be:
Direct Labor Manufacturing Overhead
A)
$688
$126
B)
$624
$190
C)
$741
$73
D)
$672
$142
Ans: C
Solution:
Allocation of wages and fringe benefits:
Direct labor:
Wage cost: 39 hours × $16 per hour ...................
Fringe benefits: 39 hours × $3 per hour .............
Manufacturing overhead:
Idle time: 3 hours × $16 per hour .......................
Overtime premium: 2 hours × $8 per hour .........
Fringe benefits: 3 hours × $3 per hour ...............
Total wages and fringe benefits .............................
$624
117
48
16
9
$741
73
$814
Use the following to answer questions 191-194:
(Appendix 2A) Larry is a quality inspector on the assembly line of a manufacturing company.
He is paid $16 per hour for regular time and time and a half for all work in excess of 40 hours
per week. He is classified as a direct labor worker.
191. Larry works 44 hours during a week in which there was no idle time. The allocation of
Larry's wages for the week between direct labor cost and manufacturing overhead cost
would be:
Direct Labor Manufacturing Overhead
A)
$736
$0
B)
$640
$96
C)
$704
$32
D)
$688
$48
Ans: C
Solution:
Total wages for the week:
Regular time: 40 hours × $16 per hour ..................
Overtime: 4 hours × $24 per hour ..........................
Total wages ................................................................
Allocation of total wages:
Direct labor: 44 hours × $16 per hour ....................
Manufacturing overhead: 4 hours × $8 per hour ....
Total wages ................................................................
$640
96
$736
$704
32
$736
192. Larry works 45 hours in a given week but is idle for 4 hours during the week due to
equipment breakdowns. The allocation of Larry's wages for the week between direct
labor cost and manufacturing overhead cost would be:
Direct Labor Manufacturing Overhead
A)
$656
$104
B)
$760
$0
C)
$720
$40
D)
$640
$120
Ans: A
Solution:
Total wages for the week:
Regular time: 40 hours × $16 per hour ..................
Overtime: 5 hours × $24 per hour ..........................
Total wages ................................................................
Allocation of total wages:
Direct labor: 41 hours × $16 per hour ....................
Manufacturing overhead:
Idle time: 4 hours × $16 per hour .......................
Overtime premium: 5 hours × $8 per hour .........
Total wages ................................................................
$640
120
$760
$656
$64
40
104
$760
193. Larry's employer offers fringe benefits that cost the company $5 for each hour of
employee time (both regular and overtime). During a given week, Larry works 45
hours but is idle for 4 hours due to material shortages. The company treats all fringe
benefits as part of manufacturing overhead. The allocation of Larry's wages and fringe
benefits for the week between direct labor cost and manufacturing overhead would be:
Direct Labor Manufacturing Overhead
A)
$760
$225
B)
$640
$345
C)
$656
$329
D)
$720
$265
Ans: C
Solution:
Total wages and fringe benefits for the week:
Regular time: 40 hours × $16 per hour ..................
Overtime: 5 hours × $24 per hour ..........................
Fringe benefits: 45 hours × $5 per hour .................
Total wages and fringe benefits ..........................
Allocation of wages and fringe benefits:
Direct labor: 41 hours × $16 per hour ....................
Manufacturing overhead:
Idle time: 4 hours × $16 per hour .......................
Overtime premium: 5 hours × $8 per hour .........
Fringe benefits: 45 hours × $5 per hour .............
Total wages and fringe benefits .................................
$640
120
225
$985
$656
$ 64
40
225
329
$985
194. Larry's employer offers fringe benefits that cost the company $5 for each hour of
employee time (both regular and overtime). During a given week, Larry works 45
hours but is idle for 4 hours due to material shortages. The company treats all fringe
benefits relating to direct labor as added direct labor cost and the remainder as part of
manufacturing overhead. The allocation of Larry's wages and fringe benefits for the
week between direct labor cost and manufacturing overhead would be:
A)
B)
C)
D)
Direct Labor Manufacturing Overhead
$720
$265
$861
$124
$760
$225
$656
$329
Ans: B
Solution:
Allocation of wages and fringe benefits:
Direct labor:
Wage cost: 41 hours × $16 per hour ..................
Fringe benefits: 41 hours × $5 per hour .............
Manufacturing overhead:
Idle time: 4 hours × $16 per hour .......................
Overtime premium: 5 hours × $8 per hour.........
Fringe benefits: 4 hours × $5 per hour ...............
Total wages and fringe benefits .............................
$656
205
64
40
20
$861
124
$985
Use the following to answer questions 195-196:
(Appendix 2B) Circle K Toys, Inc. manufactures toys and children's clothing and sells these
products to retail outlets. The following costs were incurred in performing quality activities at
Circle K during the year:
Product recall activities .........................................
Quality training activities ......................................
Quality improvement activities .............................
Warranty claim activities ......................................
Quality inspection and testing activities ...............
Rework activities ...................................................
Quality data collection and reporting activities ....
$370,000
$240,000
$154,000
$109,000
$61,000
$38,000
$15,000
195. What is the total of the prevention costs for Circle K?
A) $394,000
B) $409,000
C) $455,000
D) $470,000
Ans: B
Solution:
Quality training activities ...................................... $240,000
Quality improvement activities ............................. 154,000
Quality data collection and reporting activities .....
15,000
Total prevention costs ........................................... $409,000
196. What is the total of the internal failure costs for Circle K?
A) $53,000
B) $99,000
C) $517,000
D) $38,000
Ans: D
Solution:
Rework activities ...
$38,000
Use the following to answer questions 197-200:
(Appendix 2B) Ean Company's quality cost report is to be based on the following data:
Quality circles .................................................................
Downtime caused by quality problems ...........................
Debugging software errors ..............................................
Statistical process control activities ................................
Test and inspection of in-process goods .........................
Final product testing and inspection ...............................
Cost of field servicing and handling complaints .............
Product recalls .................................................................
Maintenance of test equipment .......................................
$57,000
$98,000
$98,000
$68,000
$24,000
$66,000
$87,000
$72,000
$75,000
197. What would be the total prevention cost appearing on the quality cost report?
A) $143,000
B) $125,000
C) $81,000
D) $129,000
Ans: B
Solution:
Quality circles........................................................ $ 57,000
Statistical process control activities ......................
68,000
Total prevention costs ........................................... $125,000
198. What would be the total appraisal cost appearing on the quality cost report?
A) $141,000
B) $165,000
C) $90,000
D) $164,000
Ans: B
Solution:
Test and inspection of in-process goods................ $ 24,000
Final product testing and inspection ......................
66,000
Maintenance of test equipment..............................
75,000
Total appraisal cost ................................................ $165,000
199. What would be the total internal failure cost appearing on the quality cost report?
A) $185,000
B) $196,000
C) $173,000
D) $170,000
Ans: B
Solution:
Downtime caused by quality problems ................. $ 98,000
Debugging software errors ....................................
98,000
Total internal failure cost ...................................... $196,000
200. What would be the total external failure cost appearing on the quality cost report?
A) $170,000
B) $645,000
C) $159,000
D) $355,000
Ans: C
Solution:
Cost of field servicing and handling complaints ... $ 87,000
Product recalls .......................................................
72,000
Total external failure cost ...................................... $159,000
Use the following to answer questions 201-204:
(Appendix 2B) Fagel Company's quality cost report is to be based on the following data:
Disposal of defective products ........................................
Supervision of testing and inspection activities ..............
Statistical process control activities ................................
Cost of field servicing and handling complaints .............
Re-entering data because of keying errors ......................
Warranty repairs and replacements .................................
Supplies used in testing and inspection ...........................
Quality circles .................................................................
Downtime caused by quality problems ...........................
$42,000
$73,000
$78,000
$53,000
$46,000
$87,000
$89,000
$27,000
$14,000
201. What would be the total prevention cost appearing on the quality cost report?
A) $105,000
B) $80,000
C) $151,000
D) $116,000
Ans: A
Solution:
Statistical process control activities ................................
Quality circles..................................................................
Total prevention cost .......................................................
$ 78,000
27,000
$105,000
202. What would be the total appraisal cost appearing on the quality cost report?
A) $115,000
B) $135,000
C) $267,000
D) $162,000
Ans: D
Solution:
Supervision of testing and inspection activities ..............
Supplies used in testing and inspection ...........................
Total appraisal cost ..........................................................
$ 73,000
89,000
$162,000
203. What would be the total internal failure cost appearing on the quality cost report?
A) $129,000
B) $67,000
C) $115,000
D) $102,000
Ans: D
Solution:
Disposal of defective products ........................................
Re-entering data because of keying errors ......................
Downtime caused by quality problems ...........................
Total internal failure cost ................................................
$ 42,000
46,000
14,000
$102,000
204. What would be the total external failure cost appearing on the quality cost report?
A) $509,000
B) $242,000
C) $101,000
D) $140,000
Ans: D
Solution:
Cost of field servicing and handling complaints .............
Warranty repairs and replacements .................................
Total external failure cost ................................................
$ 53,000
87,000
$140,000
Use the following to answer questions 205-208:
(Appendix 2B) Faust Company's quality cost report is to be based on the following data:
Quality engineering .........................................................
Quality circles .................................................................
Supervision of testing and inspection activities ..............
Net cost of scrap ..............................................................
Test and inspection of in-process goods .........................
Liability arising from defective products ........................
Warranty repairs and replacements .................................
Debugging software errors ..............................................
Rework labor and overhead ............................................
$68,000
$35,000
$72,000
$76,000
$6,000
$3,000
$56,000
$68,000
$19,000
205. What would be the total prevention cost appearing on the quality cost report?
A) $107,000
B) $41,000
C) $140,000
D) $103,000
Ans: D
Solution:
Quality engineering .........................................................
Quality circles..................................................................
Total prevention cost .......................................................
$ 68,000
35,000
$103,000
206. What would be the total appraisal cost appearing on the quality cost report?
A) $78,000
B) $181,000
C) $81,000
D) $74,000
Ans: A
Solution:
Supervision of testing and inspection activities ..............
Test and inspection of in-process goods..........................
Total appraisal cost ..........................................................
$72,000
6,000
$78,000
207. What would be the total internal failure cost appearing on the quality cost report?
A) $71,000
B) $163,000
C) $74,000
D) $132,000
Ans: B
Solution:
Net cost of scrap ............................
Debugging software errors ............
Rework labor and overhead ...........
Total internal failure cost ..............
$ 76,000
68,000
19,000
$163,000
208. What would be the total external failure cost appearing on the quality cost report?
A) $222,000
B) $403,000
C) $79,000
D) $59,000
Ans: D
Solution:
Liability arising from defective products ........................
Warranty repairs and replacements .................................
Total external failure cost ................................................
$ 3,000
56,000
$59,000
Essay Questions
209. The information below relates to Guzzardi Manufacturing Company. (Assume that all
raw materials are direct materials.):
Purchases of raw materials ........................ $362,000
Direct labor cost ........................................ $207,000
Selling costs (total) .................................... $61,000
Administrative costs (total) ....................... $84,000
Manufacturing overhead costs (total) ........ $775,000
Raw materials inventory, beginning .......... $37,000
Work in process inventory, beginning ...... $19,000
Finished goods inventory, beginning ........ $62,000
Raw materials inventory, ending ............... $44,000
Work in process inventory, ending............
$3,000
Finished goods inventory, ending ............. $77,000
Required:
What is Guzzardi's cost of goods sold?
Ans:
Purchases of raw materials .............................................
Add: Raw materials inventory, beginning ......................
Deduct: Work in process inventory, ending ...................
Cost of goods manufactured ...........................................
$ 362,000
37,000
399,000
44,000
355,000
207,000
775,000
1,337,000
19,000
1,356,000
3,000
$1,353,000
Finished goods inventory, beginning .............................
Add: Cost of goods manufactured ..................................
Goods available for sale .................................................
Deduct: Finished goods inventory, ending .....................
Cost of goods sold ..........................................................
$ 62,000
1,353,000
1,415,000
77,000
$1,338,000
Deduct: Raw materials inventory, ending ......................
Raw materials used in production ..................................
Direct labor cost .............................................................
Manufacturing overhead costs (total) .............................
Total manufacturing cost ................................................
Add: Work in process inventory, beginning ..................
LO: 1,2,3,4
210. Miyose Corporation, a manufacturing company, has provided the following data for
the month of June:
Inventories:
Raw materials ....................
Finished goods ...................
Beginning Ending
$23,000 $21,000
$32,000 $37,000
Raw materials purchased during June totaled $67,000 and the cost of goods
manufactured totaled $124,000.
Required:
a. What was the cost of raw materials used in production during June? Show your
work.
b. What was the cost of goods sold for June? Show your work.
Ans:
a.
Beginning materials inventory ......................................... $23,000
Add: Purchases of raw materials ...................................... 67,000
Raw materials available for use........................................ 90,000
Deduct: Ending raw materials inventory .......................... 21,000
Raw materials used in production .................................... $69,000
b.
Cost of goods manufactured ............................................ $124,000
Add: Beginning finished goods inventory.......................
32,000
Goods available for sale .................................................. 156,000
Deduct: Ending finished goods inventory .......................
37,000
Cost of goods sold ........................................................... $119,000
LO: 1,3
211. During the month of May, Russnak Corporation, a manufacturing company, purchased
raw materials costing $73,000. The cost of goods manufactured for the month was
$102,000. The beginning balance in the raw materials account was $26,000 and the
ending balance was $39,000. The beginning balance in the finished goods account was
$42,000 and the ending balance was $46,000.
Required:
a. What was the cost of raw materials used in production during May? Show your
work.
b. What was the cost of goods sold for May? Show your work.
Ans:
a.
Beginning materials inventory ........................................ $26,000
Add: Purchases of raw materials ..................................... 73,000
Raw materials available for use....................................... 99,000
Deduct: Ending raw materials inventory ......................... 39,000
Raw materials used in production ................................... $60,000
b.
Cost of goods manufactured ............................................ $102,000
Add: Beginning finished goods inventory.......................
42,000
Goods available for sale .................................................. 144,000
Deduct: Ending finished goods inventory .......................
46,000
Cost of goods sold ........................................................... $ 98,000
LO: 1,3
212. Mary Tappin, an assistant Vice President at Galaxy Toys, was disturbed to find on her
desk a memo from her boss, Gary Resnick, to the controller of the company. The
memo appears below:
Galaxy Toys Internal Memo
Sept 15
To: Harry Wilson, Controller
Fm: Gary Resnick, Executive Vice President
As you know, we won't start recording many sales until October when stores start
accepting shipments from us for the Christmas season. Meanwhile, we are producing
flat-out and are building up our finished goods inventories so that we will be ready to
ship next month.
Unfortunately, we are in a bind right now since it looks like the net income for the
quarter ending on Sept 30 is going to be pretty awful. This may get us in trouble with
the bank since they always review the quarterly financial reports and may call in our
loan if they don't like what they see. Is there any possibility that we could change the
classification of some of our period costs to product costs--such as the rent on the
finished goods warehouse?
Please let me know as soon as possible. The President is pushing for results.
Mary didn't know what to do about the memo. It wasn't intended for her, but its
contents were alarming.
Required:
a. Why has Gary Resnick suggested reclassifying some period costs as product costs?
b. Why do you think Mary was alarmed about the memo?
Ans:
a. Gary Resnick has suggested reclassifying some period costs as product costs since
the company is building up large finished goods inventories in anticipation of the
Christmas selling season. Product costs are inventoried and flow through to the
income statement only when products are sold. Period expenses, in contrast, flow
directly to the income statement. Since most of the finished goods inventories will
be held over to the next quarter, reclassifying period costs as product costs will
effectively defer recognition of expenses until next quarter and therefore will
improve the current quarter's net operating income.
b. Mary Tappin is probably alarmed by both the economic situation the company
finds itself in and by the apparent willingness of top management to bend the rules.
Improperly reclassifying costs is an indication that top management does not feel
like it has to play by the rules or be honest in its dealings with the bank. With such
loose ethical standards, Mary may wonder what other things they are doing that
are unethical and/or illegal.
213. A partial listing of costs incurred at Boylen Corporation during March appears below:
Direct materials ............................................................... $181,000
Utilities, factory ............................................................... $10,000
Sales commissions ........................................................... $69,000
Administrative salaries .................................................... $99,000
Indirect labor ................................................................... $32,000
Advertising ...................................................................... $75,000
Depreciation of production equipment ............................ $28,000
Direct labor ...................................................................... $120,000
Depreciation of administrative equipment ...................... $49,000
Required:
a. What is the total amount of product cost listed above? Show your work.
b. What is the total amount of period cost listed above? Show your work.
Ans:
a. Product costs consist of direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead:
Direct materials .....................................................
$181,000
Direct labor ............................................................
120,000
Manufacturing overhead:
Utilities, factory .................................................. $10,000
Indirect labor ...................................................... 32,000
Depreciation of production equipment ............... 28,000
70,000
Total product cost ..................................................
$371,000
b. Period costs consist of all costs other than product costs:
Administrative salaries .......................................... $ 99,000
Sales commissions .................................................
69,000
Depreciation of administrative equipment ............
49,000
Advertising ............................................................
75,000
Total period cost .................................................... $292,000
214. Marquess Corporation has provided the following partial listing of costs incurred
during May:
Marketing salaries ..................................... $39,000
Property taxes, factory ...............................
$8,000
Administrative travel ................................. $102,000
Sales commissions ..................................... $73,000
Indirect labor ............................................. $31,000
Direct materials ......................................... $197,000
Advertising ................................................ $145,000
Depreciation of production equipment ...... $39,000
Direct labor ................................................ $78,000
Required:
a. What is the total amount of product cost listed above? Show your work.
b. What is the total amount of period cost listed above? Show your work.
Ans:
a. Product costs consist of direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead:
Direct materials .....................................................
$197,000
Direct labor ............................................................
78,000
Manufacturing overhead:
Property taxes, factory........................................ $ 8,000
Indirect labor ...................................................... 31,000
Depreciation of production equipment ............... 39,000
78,000
Total product cost ..................................................
$353,000
b. Period costs consist of all costs other than product costs:
Administrative travel ..................... $102,000
Sales commissions .........................
73,000
Marketing salaries .........................
39,000
Advertising .................................... 145,000
Total period cost ............................ $359,000
215. Classify the following costs for an auto manufacturer as either direct materials, direct
labor, manufacturing overhead, or period costs.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
Steel used in automobiles
Assembly department employee wages
Utility costs used in executive building
Travel costs used by sales personnel
Cost of shipping goods to customers
Property taxes on assembly plant
Glass used in automobiles
Maintenance supplies
Depreciation on assembly plant
Plant manager's salary
CEO's salary
Depreciation on executive building
Salary of marketing executive
Tires installed on automobiles
Advertising
Required:
Complete the answer sheet above by placing an “X” under each heading that identifies
the cost involved.
Direct Materials Direct Labor Manufacturing Overhead Period Cost
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
Ans:
Direct Materials Direct Labor Manufacturing Overhead Period Cost
a.
X
b.
X
c.
X
d.
X
e.
X
f.
X
g.
X
h.
X
i.
X
j.
X
k.
X
l.
X
m.
X
n.
X
o.
X
216. The following costs relate to one month's activity in Carr Company:
Indirect labor .................................
$400
Rent on factory building ................
$300
Maintenance of equipment ............
$100
Direct material used....................... $1,200
Utilities on factory .........................
$200
Direct labor .................................... $1,500
Selling expense ..............................
$500
Administrative expense .................
$300
Work in process, beginning ...........
$800
Work in process, ending ................
$600
Finished goods, beginning .............
$500
Finished goods, ending ..................
$250
Required:
a. Prepare a schedule of Cost of Goods Manufactured in good form.
b. Determine the Cost of Goods Sold for the month.
Ans:
a.
Direct materials .............................
$1,200
Direct labor ....................................
1,500
Manufacturing overhead:
Indirect labor .............................. $400
Rent ............................................ 300
Maintenance ............................... 100
Utilities ....................................... 200 1,000
Total manufacturing cost ...............
3,700
Add: WIP, beginning .....................
800
4,500
Deduct: WIP, ending .....................
600
Cost of goods manufactured ..........
$3,900
b.
Finished goods, beginning ......................... $ 500
Add: Cost of goods manufactured ............. 3,900
Goods available for sale ............................ 4,400
Finished goods, ending ..............................
250
Cost of goods sold ..................................... $4,150
LO: 3,4
217. Nish Corporation has provided the following data for the month of April:
Sales............................................... $220,000
Raw materials purchases ............... $50,000
Direct labor cost ............................ $23,000
Manufacturing overhead cost ........ $59,000
Selling expense .............................. $18,000
Administrative expense ................. $43,000
Inventories:
Raw materials ........
Work in process .....
Finished goods .......
Beginning Ending
$26,000 $35,000
$18,000 $22,000
$42,000 $29,000
Required:
a. Prepare a Schedule of Cost of Goods Manufactured in good form for April.
b. Prepare an Income Statement in good form for April.
Ans:
a. Schedule of Cost of Goods Manufactured
Direct materials:
Beginning materials inventory ........................... $26,000
Add: Purchases of raw materials ........................ 50,000
Raw materials available for use ......................... 76,000
Deduct: Ending raw materials inventory ............ 35,000
Raw materials used in production .........................
$ 41,000
Direct labor ............................................................
23,000
Manufacturing overhead........................................
59,000
Total manufacturing costs .....................................
123,000
Add: Beginning work in process inventory ...........
18,000
141,000
Deduct: Ending work in process inventory ...........
Cost of goods manufactured ..................................
22,000
$119,000
b. Income Statement
Sales.......................................................................
$220,000
Cost of goods sold:
Beginning finished goods inventory .................. $ 42,000
Add: Cost of goods manufactured ...................... 119,000
Goods available for sale ..................................... 161,000
Deduct: Ending finished goods inventory ..........
29,000 132,000
Gross margin .........................................................
88,000
Selling and administrative expenses:
Selling expenses .................................................
18,000
Administrative expenses ....................................
43,000
61,000
Net operating income ............................................
$ 27,000
LO: 3,4
218. The following data have been provided the Monster Manufacturing Company for the
most recent period:
Sales................................................................................. $16,800
Raw materials inventory, beginning ................................
$900
Raw materials inventory, ending .....................................
$750
Purchases of raw materials .............................................. $8,400
Direct labor ...................................................................... $1,240
Manufacturing overhead.................................................. $2,070
Administrative expenses.................................................. $1,890
Selling expenses .............................................................. $1,000
Work in process inventory, beginning ............................
$700
Work in process inventory, ending.................................. $1,050
Finished goods inventory, beginning ..............................
$970
Finished goods inventory, ending ................................... $1,120
Required:
Calculate the cost of goods manufactured and prepare an income statement.
Ans:
Cost of goods manufactured:
Direct materials = $900+$8,400-$750 = $8,550
Total manufacturing costs = $8,550+$1,240+$2,070 = $11,860
Cost of goods manufacturing = $11,860+$700-$1,050 = $11,510
Monster Manufacturing Company
Income Statement
Sales.......................................................................
$16,800
Cost of goods sold:
Beginning finished goods inventory .................. $ 970
Plus cost of goods manufactured ........................ 11,510
Cost of goods available for sale ......................... 12,480
Less ending finished goods inventory ................
1,120
Cost of goods sold .................................................
11,360
Gross margin .........................................................
5,440
Selling and administrative expenses:
Administrative expenses ....................................
1,890
Selling expenses .................................................
1,000
Total selling and administrative expense ..............
2,890
Net operating income ............................................
$ 2,550
LO: 3,4
219. In December, Vollick Corporation had sales of $245,000, selling expenses of $23,000,
and administrative expenses of $26,000. The cost of goods manufactured was
$190,000. The beginning balance in the finished goods inventory account was $59,000
and the ending balance was $56,000.
Required:
Prepare an Income Statement in good form for December.
Ans:
Income Statement
Sales....................................................................
$245,000
Cost of goods sold: .............................................
Beginning finished goods inventory ............... $ 59,000
Add: Cost of goods manufactured ................... 190,000
Goods available for sale .................................. 249,000
Deduct: Ending finished goods inventory .......
56,000 193,000
Gross margin ......................................................
52,000
Selling and administrative expenses:
Selling expenses .................................................
23,000
Administrative expenses.....................................
26,000
49,000
Net operating income .........................................
$ 3,000
220. In April, Holderness Inc., a merchandising company, had sales of $221,000, selling
expenses of $14,000, and administrative expenses of $25,000. The cost of
merchandise purchased during the month was $155,000. The beginning balance in the
merchandise inventory account was $34,000 and the ending balance was $48,000.
Required:
Prepare an Income Statement in good form for April.
Ans:
Income Statement
Sales .................................................................
Cost of goods sold:
Beginning merchandise inventory ................
Add: Purchases .............................................
Goods available for sale ................................
Deduct: Ending merchandise inventory........
Gross margin ....................................................
Selling and administrative expenses:
Selling expenses............................................
Administrative expenses ...............................
Net operating income .......................................
$221,000
$ 34,000
155,000
189,000
48,000
14,000
25,000
141,000
80,000
39,000
$ 41,000
221. The following data were taken from the cost records of Morrey Company for last year:
Depreciation, factory ..................... $60,000
Indirect labor ................................. $100,000
Utilities, factory ............................. $40,000
Insurance, factory .......................... $10,000
Lubricants for machines ................ $15,000
Direct labor .................................... $200,000
Purchases of raw materials ............ $150,000
Inventories at the beginning and at the end of the year were as follows:
Raw materials ....................
Work in process .................
Finished goods ...................
Beginning Ending
$10,000 $20,000
$25,000 $5,000
$30,000 $50,000
Required:
Prepare a schedule of cost of goods manufactured in good form.
Ans:
Morrey Company
Schedule of Cost of Goods Manufactured
Direct materials:
Raw materials inventory, beginning ................ $ 10,000
Add: Purchases of raw materials ..................... 150,000
Raw materials available for use ....................... 160,000
Deduct: Raw materials inventory, ending .......
20,000
Raw materials used in production....................
Direct labor .........................................................
Manufacturing overhead:
Depreciation, factory .......................................
60,000
Indirect labor .................................................... 100,000
Utilities, factory ...............................................
40,000
Insurance, factory ............................................
10,000
Lubricants for machines ..................................
15,000
$140,000
200,000
Total manufacturing overhead cost .....................
Total manufacturing costs ...................................
Add: Work in process inventory, beginning .......
Deduct: Work in process inventory, ending .......
Cost of Goods Manufactured ..............................
225,000
565,000
25,000
590,000
5,000
$585,000
222. Pamer Corporation has provided the following data for the month of September:
Raw materials purchases ............... $60,000
Direct labor cost ............................ $27,000
Manufacturing overhead cost ........ $76,000
Inventories:
Raw materials ....................
Work in process .................
Finished goods ...................
Beginning Ending
$20,000 $23,000
$24,000 $18,000
$43,000 $32,000
Required:
Prepare a Schedule of Cost of Goods Manufactured in good form for September.
Ans:
Schedule of Cost of Goods Manufactured
Direct materials:
Beginning materials inventory ........................... $20,000
Add: Purchases of raw materials ........................ 60,000
Raw materials available for use ......................... 80,000
Deduct: Ending raw materials inventory ............ 23,000
Raw materials used in production .........................
Direct labor ............................................................
Manufacturing overhead........................................
Total manufacturing costs .....................................
Add: Beginning work in process inventory ...........
Deduct: Ending work in process inventory ...........
Cost of goods manufactured ..................................
$ 57,000
27,000
76,000
160,000
24,000
184,000
18,000
$166,000
223. A number of costs and measures of activity are listed below.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Cost Description
Cost of vaccine used at a clinic
Building rent at a taco shop
Salary of production manager at a snowboard manufacturer
Cost of electricity for production equipment at a snowboard
manufacturer
Ferry captain’s salary on a regularly scheduled passenger
ferry
Cost of glue used in furniture production
Janitorial wages at a snowboard manufacturer
Depreciation on factory building at a snowboard
manufacturer
Cost of advertising at a snowboard company
Cost of shipping bags of fertilizer to a customer at a
chemical plant
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Possible Measure of
Activity
Vaccines administered
Dollar sales
Snowboards produced
Snowboards produced
Number of passengers
Units produced
Snowboards produced
Snowboards produced
Snowboards sold
Bags shipped
Required:
For each item above, indicate whether the cost is MAINLY fixed or variable with
respect to the possible measure of activity listed next to it.
Ans:
1. Cost of vaccine used at a clinic; Vaccines administered; Variable
2. Building rent at a taco shop; Dollar sales; Fixed
3. Salary of production manager at a snowboard manufacturer; Snowboards
produced; Fixed
4. Cost of electricity for production equipment at a snowboard manufacturer;
Snowboards produced; Variable
5. Ferry captain's salary on a regularly scheduled passenger ferry; Number of
passengers; Fixed
6. Cost of glue used in furniture production; Units produced; Variable
7. Janitorial wages at a snowboard manufacturer; Snowboards produced; Fixed
8. Depreciation on factory building at a snowboard manufacturer; Snowboards
produced; Fixed
9. Cost of advertising at a snowboard company; Snowboards sold; Fixed
10. Cost of shipping bags of fertilizer to a customer at a chemical plant; Bags shipped;
Variable
LO: 5
224. A number of costs are listed below.
Cost Description
1. Wages of carpenters on a home building site
2. Cost of wiring used in making a personal computer
3. Manager’s salary at a hotel run by a chain of hotels
4. Manager’s salary at a hotel run by a chain of hotels
5. Cost of aluminum mast installed in a yacht at a yacht
manufacturer
6. Monthly lease cost of X-ray equipment at a hospital
7. Cost of screws used to secure wood trim in a yacht at a
yacht manufacturer
8. Cost of electronic navigation system installed in a yacht at a
yacht manufacturer
9. Cost of a replacement battery installed in a car at the auto
repair shop of an automobile dealer
10. Cost of a measles vaccine administered at an outpatient
clinic at a hospital
Cost Object
A particular home
A particular personal
computer
A particular hotel guest
The particular hotel
A particular yacht
The Radiology (X-Ray)
Department
A particular yacht
A particular yacht
The auto repair shop
A particular patient
Required:
For each item above, indicate whether the cost is direct or indirect with respect to the
cost object listed next to it.
Ans:
1. Wages of carpenters on a home building site; A particular home; Direct
2. Cost of wiring used in making a personal computer; A particular personal
computer; Indirect
3. Manager's salary at a hotel run by a chain of hotels; A particular hotel guest;
Indirect
4. Manager's salary at a hotel run by a chain of hotels; The particular hotel; Direct
5. Cost of aluminum mast installed in a yacht at a yacht manufacturer; A particular
yacht; Direct
6. Monthly lease cost of X-ray equipment at a hospital; The Radiology (X-Ray)
Department; Direct
7. Cost of screws used to secure wood trim in a yacht at a yacht manufacturer; A
particular yacht; Indirect
8. Cost of electronic navigation system installed in a yacht at a yacht manufacturer; A
particular yacht; Direct
9. Cost of a replacement battery installed in a car at the auto repair shop of an
automobile dealer; The auto repair shop; Direct
10. Cost of a measles vaccine administered at an outpatient clinic at a hospital; A
particular patient; Direct
LO: 6
225. A direct labor worker at Ude Corporation is paid $24 per hour for regular time and
time and a half for all work in excess of 40 hours per week. This employee works 44
hours during a week in which there was no idle time.
Required:
Determine how much of the worker's wages for the week would be classified as direct
labor cost and how much would be classified as manufacturing overhead cost. Show
your work.
Ans:
Direct labor: $24 per hour × 44 hour = $1,056
Manufacturing overhead:
Overtime premium: $12 per hour × 4 hours = $48
226. A direct labor worker at Bodreau Corporation is paid $14 per hour for regular time and
time and a half for all work in excess of 40 hours per week. This employee works 48
hours in a given week but is idle for 4 hours during the week due to equipment
breakdowns.
Required:
Determine how much of the worker's wages for the week would be classified as direct
labor cost and how much would be classified as manufacturing overhead cost. Show
your work.
Ans:
Direct labor:
$14 per hour × 44 hours ..................................... $616
Manufacturing overhead:
Idle time: $14 per hour × 4 hours ....................... $ 56
Overtime premium: $7 per hour × 8 hours .........
56
Total manufacturing overhead............................... $112
227. A direct labor worker at Chiarini Corporation is paid $14 per hour for regular time and
time and a half for all work in excess of 40 hours per week. The company's fringe
benefits cost $4 for each hour of employee time (both regular and overtime). Last
week this employee worked 45 hours but was idle for 3 hours due to material
shortages. The company treats all fringe benefits as part of manufacturing overhead.
Required:
Determine how much of the worker's wages for the week would be classified as direct
labor cost and how much would be classified as manufacturing overhead cost. Show
your work.
Ans:
Direct labor:
$14 per hour × 42 hours ..................................... $588
Manufacturing overhead:
Idle time: $14 per hour × 3 hours ....................... $ 42
Overtime premium: $7 per hour × 5 hours .........
35
Fringe benefits: $4 per hour × 45 hours ............. 180
Total manufacturing overhead............................... $257
228. A direct labor worker at Kimmer Corporation is paid $18 per hour for regular time and
time and a half for all work in excess of 40 hours per week. The company's fringe
benefits cost $4 for each hour of employee time (both regular and overtime). Last
week this employee worked 42 hours but was idle for 4 hours due to material
shortages. The company treats all fringe benefits relating to direct labor as added
direct labor cost and the remainder as part of manufacturing overhead.
Required:
Determine how much of the worker's wages for the week would be classified as direct
labor cost and how much would be classified as manufacturing overhead cost. Show
your work.
Ans:
Direct labor:
Wages: $18 per hour × 38 hours ........................ $684
Fringe benefits: $4 per hour ×38 hours .............. 152
Total direct labor ................................................... $836
Manufacturing overhead:
Idle time: $18 per hour ×4 hours ........................ $ 72
Overtime premium: $9 per hour × 2 hours .........
18
Fringe benefits: $4 per hour × 4 hours ...............
16
Total manufacturing overhead............................... $106
229. Toole Manufacturing Company manufactures and sells ceiling fans. Toole incurred the
following costs related to quality for the year:
Cost of warranty repairs ............................
Cost of employee quality training .............
Cost incurred to rework fans .....................
Spoilage cost (net) .....................................
Cost of handling customer complaints ......
Depreciation cost of test equipment ..........
Cost of quality circles ................................
Maintenance cost of test equipment ..........
Cost of retesting reworked fans .................
Cost of final testing of fans .......................
$35,000
$27,000
$18,000
$15,000
$11,000
$6,000
$5,000
$3,000
$2,000
$1,000
Required:
Prepare a Quality Cost Report for Toole Manufacturing Company showing both
dollars and percents. Assume that sales were $2,000,000.
Ans:
Toole Manufacturing Company
Quality Cost Report
Amount
Prevention costs:
Cost of employee quality training .......... $ 27,000
Cost of quality circles .............................
5,000
Total prevention cost .................................
32,000
Appraisal costs:
Depreciation cost of test equipment .......
6,000
Maintenance cost of test equipment .......
3,000
Cost of final testing of fans ....................
1,000
Total appraisal cost ....................................
10,000
Internal failure costs:
Cost incurred to rework fans ..................
18,000
Spoilage cost (net) ..................................
15,000
Cost of retesting reworked fans ..............
2,000
Total internal failure cost ..........................
35,000
Percent
1.35
0.25
1.60
0.30
0.15
0.05
0.50
0.90
0.75
0.10
1.75
External failure costs:
Cost of warranty repairs .........................
35,000
Cost of handling customer complaints ...
11,000
Total external failure cost ..........................
46,000
Total quality cost ....................................... $123,000
1.75
0.55
2.30
6.15
230. Gad Company's quality cost report is to be based on the following data:
Re-entering data because of keying errors ............
Net cost of spoilage ...............................................
Supervision of testing and inspection activities ....
Lost sales due to poor quality ................................
Warranty repairs and replacements .......................
Depreciation of test equipment..............................
Maintenance of test equipment..............................
Systems development ............................................
Quality training......................................................
$17,000
$88,000
$78,000
$17,000
$92,000
$12,000
$75,000
$79,000
$19,000
Required:
Prepare a Quality Cost Report in good form with separate sections for prevention
costs, appraisal costs, internal failure costs, and external failure costs.
Ans:
Prevention costs
Quality training ............................................................ $ 19,000
Systems development ...................................................
79,000
Total prevention cost .......................................................
98,000
Appraisal costs
Depreciation of test equipment ....................................
12,000
Supervision of testing and inspection activities ...........
78,000
Maintenance of test equipment ....................................
75,000
Total appraisal cost .......................................................... 165,000
Internal failure costs
Re-entering data because of keying errors ...................
17,000
Net cost of spoilage ......................................................
88,000
Total internal failure cost ................................................ 105,000
External failure costs
Lost sales due to poor quality.......................................
17,000
Warranty repairs and replacements ..............................
92,000
Total external failure cost ................................................ 109,000
Total quality cost ............................................................. $477,000
231. Hartz Company's quality cost report is to be based on the following data:
Lost sales due to poor quality ..........................................
Net cost of spoilage .........................................................
Final product testing and inspection ................................
Net cost of scrap ..............................................................
Systems development ......................................................
Supplies used in testing and inspection ...........................
Rework labor and overhead .............................................
Quality data gathering, analysis, and reporting ...............
Product recalls .................................................................
$86,000
$35,000
$19,000
$88,000
$83,000
$94,000
$72,000
$43,000
$53,000
Required:
Prepare a Quality Cost Report in good form with separate sections for prevention
costs, appraisal costs, internal failure costs, and external failure costs.
Ans:
Prevention costs
Systems development ...................................................
Quality data gathering, analysis, and reporting ............
Total prevention cost .......................................................
Appraisal costs
Final product testing and inspection.............................
Supplies used in testing and inspection ........................
Total appraisal cost ..........................................................
Internal failure costs
Rework labor and overhead..........................................
Net cost of scrap ...........................................................
Net cost of spoilage ......................................................
Total internal failure cost ................................................
$ 83,000
43,000
126,000
19,000
94,000
113,000
72,000
88,000
35,000
195,000
External failure costs
Lost sales due to poor quality.......................................
86,000
Product recalls ..............................................................
53,000
Total external failure cost ................................................ 139,000
Total quality cost ............................................................. $573,000