Practical #3 STUDY GUIDE – by Lily
Practice with phylogenetic tree (phyla for this practical circled in red): Complete
the phylogenetic tree using the skeleton provided on the following page for the phyla we
have covered thus far this semester. Fill in either the missing character state or phylum
on the phylogenetic tree. Some phyla and a character state has been provided already.
Three character states are used twice (indicated next to the character). Phyla must be
written on the phylogenetic tree and the character states can either be squeezed into
the phylogenetic tree or can be identified by number in the “Which hashmark?” column
in the table below (recommended).
Phyla
Porifera
Characters (in no particular order)
Acoelomate (use twice in your tree)
Which hashmark?
6, 16
Cnidaria
Bilateral symmetry
4/5/6/7
Ctenophora
Platyhelminth
es
Nemertea
Chitinous cuticle
24/25
Ciliated tentacular feeding structures
19
Cnidae
2
Mollusca
Coelomate
8/9
Annelida
Comb rows
3
Gastrotricha
Complete gut
8/9
Rotifera
Corona
14/15
Chaetognatha
Diploblastic
1
Nematoda
Nematomorph
a
Tardigrada
Dorsal spines
17
Ecdysis
21
Grasping spines
18
Onychophora
Locomotory cilia
13
Phoronida
Only longitudinal muscles present
22
Bryozoa
Oral papillae
26
Brachiopoda
Proboscis
10
Entoprocta
Protostome
4/5/6/7
Pseudocoelomate (use twice in your
#23 (< free answer!),
tree)
14/15
Segments (use twice in your tree)
12, 24/25
Triploblastic
4/5/6/7
True lophophore
20
Visceral mass, foot, mantle
11
Brachiopoda
Entoprocta
Tardigrada
Annelida
Mollusca
Ctenophora
Nemertea
Platyhelminthes
Porifera
Chaetognatha
Nematamorpha
Phylum
Class
Subclass
Bdelloidea
Hemirotatoria
Acanthocephala
Rotifera
Eurotatoria
Monogonanta
Gastrotricha
Chaetognatha
Key Body Plan
Other facts
Characteristics Habitat (locomotion,
(draw!)
cryptobiosis?)
Compare and Contrast:
 Lophophorata vs. Entoprocta
 Nematoida vs. Panarthropoda
 Edysozoa vs. Spiralia (see phylogenetic tree slides)
Phylum
Phoronida
Bryozoa
Brachiopoda
(careful! Do NOT
confuse with
Branchiopoda /
water fleas!)
Entoprocta
Body plan with focus on
distinguishing characteristics
Solitary or Colonial? If colonial,
describe / draw zooid forms
Phylum
Nematoda
Nematomorpha
Tardigrada
Onychophora
Body Plan (cross section if
applicable)
Habitat, Feeding, Locomotion
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea
Class
Order
Body Plan Drawing
(crab and crayfish
dissection!)
Decapoda
Malacostraca
Isopoda
Amphipoda
Locomotion (how
to distinguish in
live organisms?)
Development / life
cycle, Habitat
Branchiopoda
Ostracoda
Copepoda
Thecostraca
Understand tagmosis, and how different tagmata appear in each organism group.
Be able to identify the carapace (or lack thereof) in different organism groups.
Do not only know what different anatomical features are – be sure to also understand
how the organism uses them.
Remember, all terms on the handouts are fair game!
Good luck studying!!!