Safety-A Personal Decision
Bureau of Workers’ Compensation
PA Training for Health & Safety
(PATHS)
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Workplace Injuries
What is behind most workplace injuries?




A lack of safety training
Poor equipment, policies, or systems
Ignorance
Inattention to risks
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Incident Causes
Poor Management Safety Policy & Decisions
Personal Factors
Environmental Factors
Unsafe Act
Indirect Causes
Basic Causes
Unsafe
Condition
INCIDENT
Unplanned release of energy
and/or
Hazardous material
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Personal Injury
Property Damage
3
Beliefs about Accident Causes
Important element because it guides people’s
thinking & actions when trying to recognize or
solve safety problems.
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Perceived Risk Levels
An individual’s perception as it relates to a
particular job or task:
Ability to determine risks associated with the
individual’s definition of his/her experience, history,
training & communication, amount of control
individual feels they have,…to the criteria they use
to judge the situation.
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Perception vs. Reality
What do you see?
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Safety Issues
What did they see?
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Heinrich’s Pyramid
1
Death or Serious Injury
29
Minor Injury
300
Near Miss
3,000
Unsafe Acts, Behaviors or Conditions
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Incident Prevention
1. Hazard identification/recognition
2. Evaluation
3. Select a control method
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Safety = Personal
Safety is something that’s personal – it involves
an individual making a conscious decision to
work safely in the workplace or at home.
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Safety Challenges
1.
Attitudes
2. Competing Priorities
3. Hazard Awareness
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The Four A’s of Safety
• Attitudes
• Awareness
• Action
• Accountability
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Attitudes
• It won’t happen to me!
• I’ve been doing this job for 15 years …
• I’m CAREFUL!
• I don’t want to get (someone) in trouble!
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BETARI BOX MODEL
MY ATTITUDE
AFFECTS
AFFECTS
MY BEHAVIOR
YOUR BEHAVIOR
AFFECTS
AFFECTS
YOUR ATTITUDE
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Attitude
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Safety as a Value
 Safety part of your character
 Think about safety
 Talk about safety
 Work safely
 Safety as a habit
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Safety Attitude Defined
 Stay informed about safety
 Follow safety rules and procedures
 Identify hazards
 Stay healthy, fit, and focused
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Safety Awareness
Safety awareness is a state of mind!
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Safety Awareness
Why develop a sense
of safety awareness?
Without it workers won’t:
• Wear their PPE, or wear it properly
• Be aware of the potential for injury or illness
• Observe simple rules (such as good
housekeeping)
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Safety Awareness
Without safety awareness employees
may think about:
- The next day’s schedule,
- Mowing the lawn,
- Evening activities
Anything but safety.
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Safety Awareness
How Safety Awareness becomes a state of
mind:
• Treat safety as an important job responsibility
• Plan each job before you start
• Think about what could go wrong, and how you’ll
prevent problems and incidents
• Use SDS, protective clothing, proper equipment,
read labels and other safety information
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Safety Awareness-State of Mind
• Know what to do in an emergency
• Keep your work area clear of potential fire or
tripping and falling hazards
• Check tools and equipment before you use them
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Commit to Safety
At an employee level – an individual’s identification
with, and involvement in, safety activities is often
enhanced with involvement in decision making
processes and engagement that affects safety in
their jobs.
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Human Factors and Safety
Employee Responsibilities Include:
 Recognizing safety hazards
 Reporting safety hazards
 Maintaining good housekeeping
 Working safely
 Using proper personal protective equipment
 Making the most of safety training
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Human Factors and Safety
Human Factors
Definition - What does Human Factors Causing
Incidents mean?
Human factors causing incidents are those factors
directly attributable to the operator, worker or
personnel involved in an incident. A number of
human behavioral factors may contribute to the
incidents.
Safeopedia explains Human Factors Causing
Incidents
Human factors are responsible for about 90% of
incidents that occur in a workplace.
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Human Factors and Safety
The following human factors are common causes of
incidents:
Memory - Memory lapse may occur at any time
Judgment and reasoning power - May be
reduced due to many factors
Attention - Failure to remain attentive or lack of
attention
Delayed or false sensation of the sensory
organs - Failed senses that could otherwise
stimulate a response to avoid the incident
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Human Factors and Safety
Competence - Lack of competence and experience
Skills - Skill level of individuals is important in any
incident avoidance
Personality - Some are compromising while others
are hardliner
Attitude - Negligence, arrogance, boldness and
overconfidence etc.
Risk perception - Poor risk perception due to poor
knowledge and experience
Individual characteristics - Anger, temper,
curiosity, etc.
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Safety Risks
Safety Risk
Not Willing
Not Able
Don’t Know
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Prevention Measures
Incidents that are caused due to human (personal)
factors may be prevented or reduced by the
following preventative measures:
 Training and skill development
 Education and awareness
 Supervision, monitoring and controlling
 Feedback and reports
 Frequent inspections and audits
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Safety Programs
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Risk Assessment
Risk Assessment
Take time to ask yourself simple risk
assessment questions.
If the risk is too great;
STOP! Control the risk! Prevent
the incident!
•
•
•
•
•
Why am I doing this?
What could go wrong?
How likely is it to happen?
How could it affect me or others?
What should I do about it?
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Perceived Risk
There are four separate groups of people who
seek information differently based on their
perceived risk:
 Responsive individuals
 Avoidant individuals
 Proactive individuals
 Indifferent individuals
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Good Work Habits
 Taking actions to protect yourself
 Keep your work area clean
 Keep aisles and stairs clear
 Don’t have more than one file drawer open
at a time
 Have enough light to see what you are
doing
 Clean up spills promptly
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Good Work Habits
 Look around for anything that could go wrong
 Use the right tool or equipment for the job
 Keep focused on what you are doing
 Respect electricity and power equipment
 Wear proper personal protective equipment
 Take personal responsibility for safety
Bad Habits are easier to abandon today
than tomorrow!
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Leadership
Intent
Behaviour
Adjustment
Effect
“Most people see leadership as the act of leading others.
What if it is really the act of leading ourselves?” Peter Urs Bender
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Leadership
“The only person you are destined to
become is the person you decide to be.”
Ralph Waldo Emerson
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The Key to Safety
“The Key to Safety is You.” Make safety a value in
everything You do!
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Questions to Ask Employees
Personal Reflection
Do you hold safety as a value, or a
priority?
Is your safety performance dictated by the
need for compliance or by choice?
Are you committed to working safely?
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Values and Priorities
Understanding how Values &
Priorities affect our behavior
Priority:
Value:
• Doesn’t easily change
• Can and will change
frequently
• Not readily influenced
by others or
circumstances
• Something that takes
precedence over another
• Takes a life change to
change a value
• Can be easily influenced
by others or by
circumstances
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Choice and Compliance
Understanding how Choice & Compliance affect
our behavior
Compliance:
Choice:
• Individual has the power
to choose
• Comply due to
consequences
• Responsible for
consequences
• Blame for consequences
may be misdirected
“You made me do it”
“I wanted to do it”
• Not easily influenced once
made
• Driven by our own value
set
• Behavior can easily be
influenced
• Driven by someone else’s
priorities
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Summary
“When you are looking at the person in the mirror,
you are looking at the person responsible for your
safety.”
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The Bottom Line
To Prevent an injury today from ruining your
tomorrow:
Remember the four 4 A’s for safety !
 Attitude
 Awareness
 Accountability
 Action
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Contact Information
Health & Safety Training Specialists
1171 South Cameron Street, Room 324
Harrisburg, PA 17104-2501
(717) 772-1635
RA-LI-BWC-PATHS@pa.gov
Like us on Facebook! https://www.facebook.com/BWCPATHS
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Questions
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