Mutations Notes
What are mutations?
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Changes in the _____________ ____________ of DNA
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May occur in ___________cells (aren’t passed to offspring)
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May occur in __________(eggs & sperm) and be passed to offspring
Are Mutations Helpful or Harmful?
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Mutations happen ________
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Almost all mutations are ___________
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___________& UV ___________cause mutations
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Many mutations are _________by ___________
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Some type of ___________ ___________and _____________result from somatic
mutations
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Some mutations may __________an organism’s survival (___________)
Types of Mutations
Chromosome Mutations
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May Involve:
– ___________________ of a chromosome
– The ______ or ___________ of part of a chromosome
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Five types exist:
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Deletion
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Due to __________
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A _________of a chromosome is ________
Inversion
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Chromosome segment _________ _________
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Segment flips around ___________
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Segment ___________
Duplication
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Occurs when a gene ___________ ___ ___________
Translocation
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Involves ______ ____________that aren’t homologous
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______-of one chromosome is ________________ ____
____________chromosomes
Nondisjunction
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__________of chromosomes to _________during meiosis
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Causes gamete to have _______________________________________
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Disorders:
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Gene Mutations
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Change in the __________ ____________of a gene
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May only involve a single nucleotide
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May be due to __________ _________, _________, __________, etc.
Types of Gene Mutations
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Include:
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Point Mutation
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Change of a __________ nucleotide
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Includes the deletion, insertion, or substitution of ______nucleotide in a gene
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_________________________ is the result of one nucleotide substitution
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Occurs in the ____________________
Frameshift Mutation
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_______________________________one or more nucleotides
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Changes the “______________” like changing a sentence
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________________built ___________
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Original:
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The fat cat ate the wee rat.
Frame Shift (“a” added):
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