TISSUE
The Living Fabric
In the human body, as in any multicellular body, each cell has the ability
to perform all activities necessary to remain healthy and alive. In the
multicellular body, however, the individual cells are no longer
independent; instead they aggregate, forming cell communities made of
cells similar to one another in form and function. Once specialized, each
community is committed to performing a specific activity that helps to
maintain homeostasis and serves the body as a whole.
Fully differentiated cell communities are called tissues (from tissu,
meaning woven). Tissues in turn are organized into functional units called
organs (such as the heart rod brain). Because individual tissues are
unique in cellular shape and structure. They are readily recognized and
are often named for the organ of origin--for example, muscle tissue and
nervous tissue.
Student activities in Chapter 4 include questions relating to the
structure and function of tissues, membranes, glands and glandular
tissue, tissue repair, and the development aspects of tissues.
2. Twelve tissue types are diagrammed below. Identify each tissue type by inserting the correct
name in the blank below each diagram. Select different colors for the following structures, and use
them to color the coding circle and corresponding structures in the diagrams
Q
Q
Epithelial cells
Q
Muscle cells
() Matrix (Where found, matrix should be colored differently from
the living cells of that tissue type. Be careful. This may not be as
easy as it seems!)
Nerve cells
- --· --------------- ------=-�--- - ----- �
--.:. -_ � -_�; - - -:-==:---· .
:--- --
�-::--_--·-
A.
E.
F.
I.
J.
I{. _____________ _
L.
Tissues, the living Fabric
3. Using the k� choices, correctly identify the following major
tissue types.
Enter the �propriate letter in the answer blanks.
KEYCH01b:s
A. Connective
B. Epithelium
C. Muscle
D. Nervous
1. ____ Forms mucous, serous, and epidermal membranes
2. ____ Allows for movement of limbs and for organ movements within the body
3. ____ Transmits electrochemical impulses
4. ____ Supports body organs
5. ____ Cells of this tissue may absorb and/or secrete substances
6. ____ Basis of the major controlling system of the body
7. ____ The major function of the cells of this tissue type is to shorten
8. ____ Forms hormones
9. ____ Packages and protects body organs
10. ____ Characterized by having large amounts of nonliving matrix
11. ____ Allows you to smile, grasp, swim, ski, and shoot an arrow
12. ____ Most widely distributed tissue type in the body
13. ____ Forms the brain and spinal cord
Epithelial Tissue
4. Using the k� choices, identify the following specific types of epithelial tissue.
Enter the appropriate letters in the answer blanks.
KEY CHOICES
A. Pseudosbtified ciliated
B. Simple columnar
C. Simple cuboidal
E. Stratified cuboidal
D. Simple squamous
F. Stratified squamous
G. Transitional
1. ____ Forms the lining of the esophagus
2. ____ Forms the mucosa of the stomach and small intestine
3. ____ Found in lung tissue ( alveolar sacs)
4. ____ Forms the collecting tubules of the kidney
Epithelial Tissue
5. ____ Forms the epidermis of the skin
6. ____ Found in the bladder lining; peculiar cells that slide over one another
7. ____ Forms thin serous membranes; a single layer of flattened cells
8. ____ Several cell layers; top layer consists of cuboidal cells.
9. ____ One cell layer; all cells rest on the basement membrane, but they extend
upward for different distances. Some cells have cilia.
10. ____ A single layer of elongated cells; nuclei are long and oval.
5. Complete the following table relating to covering and lining epithelia
or body membranes. Enter your responses in the areas left blank.
I
Membie
Mucous
Tissue Type
{Epidlelial/Connective)
Common Locations
Protection, lubrication,
secretion, absorption
Epithelial
and connective
Lines internal ventral
cavities and covers
their organs
Serous
Protection from
external insults;
protection from water
loss
Epidermis
Endothelial
Functions
Epithelial
Forms capillary walls;
lines heart and all
circulatory system
organs
6. Write T in the answer blank if a statement is true. If a statement is false, correct the underlined
words by writing the correct words on the answer blanks.
1. Exocrine glands are classified functionally as merocrine,
holocrine, or apocrine.
2. The above classification refers to the way ducts branch.
3. Most exocrine glands are apocrine.
4. In apocrine glands, secretions are produced and released
immediately by exocytosis.
Tissues, The Living Fabric
5.
Holocrine glands store secretions until the cells rupture.
Ruptured cells are replaced through mitosis.
6.
In apocrine glands, the secretory cells die when they pinch off at
the apex to release secretions.
7.
A sweat gland is an example of a holocrine gland
8.
The mammary gland is an example of an apocrine gland
7. Using the key choices, correctly identify the types of glands described below
Enter the appropriate letters in the answer blanks.
KEY CHOICES
A.
_ Endocrine
B. Exocrine
C. Neither of these
1. Duct from gland carries secretions to target organ or location
2. Examples are the thyroid and adrenal glands
3 Glands secrete regulatory hormones directly into blood or lymph
4. The more numerous of the two types of glands
5. Duct from ovary that carries ovum (egg) to uterus
6. Examples are the liver, which produces bile, and the pancreas, which produces digestive
enzymes