Name: ______________________
Date:_________________________
Spine Worksheet
Functions of Spine:
1.
_______________ spinal cord
2. Holds ________________ upright
3. Site for _________________ and _________________ attachment (support spine)
4. ________________ provide _____________ absorption
5. ___________________ provide sensation and _____________ function
Vertebrae
-
-
_____________ cervical (______________________, ______________________, ____________
_________________, __________________)
o 1st - _____________
o 2nd - _____________
___________ thoracic (little movement)
___________ lumbar (less _______________ than _________________, some _________________)
___________ sacral (fused)
___________ coccyx (fused)
Parts of Vertebrae
-
__________________ process
-
__________________ process
Body
Vertebrae
Which has the thinnest, thickest and medium sized body?
Thinnest- _______________
Medium-________________
Thickest-________________
[Type text]
Posture
-
________________ Spine
o Normal alignment
________________ Curve
o Excessive -- ___________
_______________ Curve
o Excessive -- ___________
Discs
-
Fibrocartilaginous
_______________ absorbers
Resist Compression
Keep __________________ separated
Allows movement and flexibility
Provides space for _______________ to exit
_______________ blood supply
-
Nucleus Pulposus
o Jelly-like core
Annulous Fibrosus
o Cartilaginous outer rings
[Type text]
Muscles
-
Provide ______________________ and ____________________
Deep – Erector Spinae
o Attach to ______________________, ____________, and __________________
o 3 Groups
 ________________________
 __________________________
 __________________________
-
Abdominal muscles play big role in stabilizing back
Trunk _______________, lateral _________________, _____________________
o
o
o
o
Trapezius - ______________________ extension
Sternocleidomastoid- _____________________ ___________, rotation
Scalenes- _______________________
Multifidus - ____________________ of the spine
-
[Type text]
Nerves
-
Each vertebrae has a nerve that exits either below or above it
31 pairs of spinal nerves
o 8 cervical
o 12 thoracic
o 5 lumbar
o 5 sacral
o 1 coccygeal
Spinal Cord
-
Part of _______________ along with brain
Contained within vertebral canal
Extends from cranium to 1st-2nd vertebrae
_______________ roots and _____________ nerves for a “__________-like tail” called ______________
____________
2 plexuses
o ____________________, _____________________________
Dermatomes
- Area of body that has nerve __________________ for each nerve ________________
Myotomes
- Area of body that has ____________________ function
Posture
-
_______________
o Slight curve at thoracic and lumbar areas, ears in line with shoulders
Problems
o ______________________________ - ears in front of line with shoulder
o ____________________ -- excessive curve of thoracic spine
o ____________________ -- excessive curve of lumbar spine
o ___________________-- Lateral curve of spine
Common Injuries
Identify the MOI (Mechanism of Injury), Structures Involved, Signs/Symptoms, Immediate Treatment
1. Lumbar Sprain
a. MOI
b. Structures Involved/Signs and Symptoms
c. Immediate Treatment
[Type text]
2. Lumbar Strain
a. MOI
b. Structures Involved/Signs and Symptoms
c. Immediate Treatment
3. Lumbar Fracture
a. MOI
b. Structures Involved/Signs and Symptoms
c. Immediate Treatment
4. Disc Injury/Herniation
a. MOI
b. Structures Involved/Signs and Symptoms
c. Immediate Treatment
5. Cervical Sprain
a. MOI
b. Structures Involved/Signs and Symptoms
c. Immediate Treatment
6. Cervical Strain
a. MOI
b. Structures Involved/Signs and Symptoms
c. Immediate Treatment
7. Cervical Fractures/Dislocations
a. MOI
b. Structures Involved/Signs and Symptoms
c. Immediate Treatment
8. Spinal Cord Injury
a. Decerebrate
b. Decorticate
c. Immediate Treatment
[Type text]
9. Cervical Disc Injury
a. MOI
b. Structures Involved/Signs and Symptoms
c. Immediate Treatment
10. Brachial Plexus Injury
a. MOI
b. Structures Involved/Signs and Symptoms
c. Immediate Treatment
Spine Boarding Procedure
- Observation: ( On the way to athlete)
o If athlete is unconscious ALWAYS assume spinal injury.
- Arrival and Primary Survey
o Stabilize head and neck
- Check for level of consciousness
o If unconscious call 911
o If conscious and able to communicate signs/symptoms of neck injury call 911
- If unconscious: Look, listen and feel
o If not breathing either you (if alone) or another member of medical use pocket mask or
remove face mask and begin rescue breathing/CPR
o If breathing continue to maintain stabilization and assess athlete
- If athlete is supine with neck turned to side, maintain stabilization and rotate head in align with
neck. If athlete is able to communicate, if movement increases symptoms STOP.
- Reasons not to move neck:
o Increased pain
o Neurological symptoms
o Muscle spasm
o Airway compromise
o If it is physically difficult to reposition the spine
o Resistance is encountered
o Patient expresses apprehension
Lift and Slide Technique
- The ATC in charge (A0) supports and stabilizes the head and cervical spine, maintaining this
position throughout the procedure.
- This rescuer is also responsible for coordinating the entire procedure through direct, verbal
commands (the “Captain” or “head”)
- A1and A2, kneel by victim’s shoulders (each on opposite sides) with one hand on the
posterolateral aspect of the shoulder and the other hand on the flank.
- A3 straddles the victim, faces A0 and places his/her hands beneath the victim’s waist
- A4 straddles the victim and faces A0 and places his/her hands beneath the victim’s
knees/calves.
[Type text]
-
A5 stands behind A4 and is responsible for sliding a spine board beneath the victim. The
spine board should be placed lengthwise by the victim’s feet, before the procedure begins.
On command of A0, the victim should be lifted off the ground (approximately 10-12 inches) as
a unit, just enough to permit A5 to slide the spine board beneath the victim
On command of A0 the victim should be gently lowered onto the spine board.