THE ENGLISH VERB. TYPES OF VERBS.
THE CATEGORIES OF THE ENGLISH VERB.
THE BASIC FORMS OF THE VERB.
Definition
The verb is a part of speech which denotes an action or a state.
Types of verbs
There are several classifications.
I. According to their structure verbs can be simple (простыми), derivative
(производными), compound (составными) and phrasal (фразовыми).
Simple verbs consist only of a root.
E.g.: to ask, to do, to come.
Derivative verbs have a prefix or a suffix.
E.g.: to shorten, to disappear.
Compound verbs have two stems.
E.g.: to broadcast, to blackmail.
Phrasal verbs consist of two or more words.
E.g.: to give up, to go on.
II. According to the historical development of the verb system, verbs can be
regular and irregular.
Regular verbs build their Past Indefinite and Participle II forms with the help of
the suffix -ed.
E.g.: work – worked – worked.
Irregular verbs build their Past Indefinite and Participle II forms due to certain
traditional patterns.
E.g.: begin – began – begun.
III. According to their meaning and function, verbs can be notional (смысловые),
auxiliary (вспомогательные), link (связки) and modal (модальные).
Notional verbs have their own meaning.
E.g.: He speaks French.
Auxiliary verbs do not have their own meaning and help to build other forms.
They are to be, to have, to do, shall (should), will (would).
E.g.: I do not know it.
Link verbs preserve their meaning partially and help to build the compound
nominal predicate.
E.g.: He is a doctor.
Modal verbs denote possibility, necessity, obligation, etc.
E.g.: He can do it.
The categories of the English verb
The English verb has the categories of person, number, tense, aspect, voice and
mood.
The basic forms of the verb
The English verb has 4 basic forms:
The first form is the infinitive. There are two forms of the infinitive in English:
with the particle “to” and without the particle “to”.
E.g.: to do (делать)
The second form is the Past Indefinite. We build the Past Indefinite the following
way. If we have a regular verb, we add the suffix -ed. If we have an irregular verb,
we look it up in the second column of the list of irregular verbs.
E.g.: did (сделал)
The third form is Participle II (= Past Participle). If we have a regular verb, we
add the suffix -ed. If we have an irregular verb, we look it up in the third column of
the list of irregular verbs.
E.g.: done (сделанный)
The fourth form is Participle I (= Present Participle). We add the suffix -ing.
E.g.: doing (делающий)