Ethan Garcia Health Mod. 3 Section A Infectious and Non-infectious Diseases – Vaccines Part 2 Excerpts from “Safe, Effective, and Approved.” Vaccine Research, Toney Allman Step 1: Purpose Why is it important to pull our evidence from scientific study rather than personal belief or folk stories? Evidence from personal belief or folk stories may not be accurate compared to evidence from scientific study. Personal belief are from opinions that may be false and scientific study is evidence that has been experimented. Trusting evidence from personal belief may have negative factors and cause serious problems, because haven’t been been discovered in scientific study What are the ramifications beyond vaccinations of refusing to accept scientific evidence? The fact that the claim was given by physician and the given fear that the vaccinations may cause autism. Also the pressure on the risk – taking on vaccine and autism compared to not taking vaccine and dealing with diseases. Fill in the lines below: MMR For these words: Inflammation Retracted Refute Imperative Measles, Mumps and Rubella Define in your own words based on what you read in the excerpt An infection that leads to serious health problems To state that a claim is false To disprove a claim with evidence Important for us to survive Step 2: Statements – For each statement, find evidence from the article excerpt attached to this assignment to support whether each statement is true (for) or false (against) or possibly both. Remember to include the page and paragraph number for each citation. Example: pg. 62, para. 4 Statements 1. Vaccinations are safe and do not cause autism. 2. A doctor claimed that the MMR vaccine caused autism so it must be true. 3/16/2018 True T False F F Evidence from Article to Support Your Choice. Pg. 61 para.1 “The incidence of autism since that time has not increased or decreased, suggesting that autism is unrelated to either thimerosal or vaccination.” Pg 62 para 1. “Vaccine researchers tried to refute Wakefield's theory with careful scientific studies of the MMR vaccine, but unsupported stories of the dangers of vaccines—whether MMR or influenza or another vaccine—often spread like wildfire through the media or the Internet.” Wakefield had no evidence of why the MMR vaccine would cause autism; he had only stories of children becoming autistic after vaccination, but one theory blamed a preservative in the Ethan Garcia vaccine named thimerosal. Although repeated studies provided evidence that thimerosal is safe, it was eliminated from the vaccine in 1999 because of public concerns. The incidence of autism since that time has not increased or decreased, suggesting that autism is unrelated to either thimerosal or vaccination. 3. People around the world still refuse to give their children vaccinations. T Pg. 61 para. 3 “After Wakefield's paper was publicized, 100,000 parents in England and Ireland refused to vaccinate their children.” Pg. 61 para 4 Paul A. Offit says, “And because it's hard to unring the bell, some parents in the United States, England, and the world still refuse to give the MMR vaccine to their children, fearing that it causes autism.” 4. There is a price for using vaccinations. T Pg. 62 para 2 “But it's not free. It comes with a price, an imperative. And that is that you have to keep using it” Step 3: Prediction Reflection Fill in your predictions from Part 1 here and reflect on what you predicted based on what you now know from reading the article. The evidence will be about why scientific evidence should be chosen over personal belief or folktale The excerpt will be whether or not vaccinations are always safe The excerpt will be about whether vaccinations cause autism My predictions about this article summed up the general point of the article. The article mentioned Wakefield’s theory that vaccination causes autism, which resulted in multiple deaths. Through describing how people listened to Wakefield’s personal belief, which was not backed by scientific evidence, the article summed up how listening to the personal beliefs of somebody over scientific evidence can lead to negative outcome. The excerpt also talked about the safety of vaccinations, and discussed its strengths, and the price that somebody has to pay for It. Vaccinations causing 3/16/2018 Ethan Garcia autism was also a main idea conveyed in the article, as that was the subject for whether vaccinations are safw or not, atep 4: Synthesis Use your own examples based on what we know the facts are and the article to cite justification for your answer to this question: Why is it important to pull our evidence from scientific study rather than personal belief or folk stories? You will use cite justification from this article to support your response. You will also find support on a topic beyond (other than) vaccinations of possible consequences of refusing to accept scientific evidence. It's important to pull our evidence from scientific study rather than personal belief or folk stories. A claim about a certain topic, such as whether vaccinations causes autism or not, must have been experimented multiple times to be true. In most cases, personal belief s are not true because it's from an experience or opinions that aren't scientifically proven. On the other hand, scientific study is proven through evidence that was experimented. In such cases, there have been problems if vaccine causes autism from both personal belief and scientific study. On page 61, paragraph 1 states "physician Andrew Wakefield, who claimed that the MMR vaccine had caused intestinal inflammation in some of his patients that had, in turn, poisoned their brains and caused autism. Wakefield had no evidence of why the MMR vaccine would cause autism." This claims that vaccine causes autism had given fear on taking the vaccinations. Raising alerts to parents if the child needs to take vaccine and risk for autism, or to not take vaccine and deal with diseases. Also, on page 61, paragraph 3 states "Alison Singer, a mother of an autistic child and president of the Autism Science Foundation, believes Wakefield's assertions damaged not only vaccine researchers but also children." The fact that Wakefield's claim on the vaccination was not proven though evidence had affected parents’ decision- making and children's health. The health of individuals had been affected with diseases that could've been prevented through vaccinations, but was depended on Wakefield's claim, which was a personal belief. Similarly, accepting the evidence on global warming through scientific study and personal belief. Most people don't realize climate changes and believe scientific datas because they didn't experience it or understand 3/16/2018 Ethan Garcia the factors. On paragraph 3, line 1, Dr. Ben Lyons said "Extreme weather plays a limited long-term role in forming people's beliefs about climate change. Instead, their views and beliefs can alter the way they perceive the weather..." If somebody were to be affected by extreme climate, their view would be different to people who haven't. People would have better understanding on the scientific study and accept to make change. Datas show the affect of droughts, floods, tornadoes, and hurricanes and Dr. Lyons believes that tying extreme weather with people, may change the view on the impact of the weather. For the most part, it's important to rely on the information upon scientific study compared to personal belief. People tend to believe information from personal belief because of fear and pressure of risk-taking. But the most reliable information should come from scientific study, where it was tested for accurate evidence. Allman, Toney. "Safe, Effective, and Approved." Vaccine Research, ReferencePoint Press, 2011, pp. 51-62. Inside Science. Gale Virtual Reference Library, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=GVRL.dodeakh&sw=w&u=68online&v=2.1&id=GALE%7CCX1947800013&it=r&asid =51349153284d919743f47909767b4d98. Accessed 1 Dec. 2016. 3/16/2018
