QUESTION 1
The correlation coefficient is a measure of __________.
mean differences
causation
prediction
association
1 points
QUESTION 2
While you can use the correlation coefficient as its own test statistic, what is the other
appropriate test statistic often used to examine the significance of a correlation?
F test
Cohen's d
t-test
η2
1 points
QUESTION 3
This chapter illustrates that you can also incorporate ___________ into the correlation
coefficient.
statistical significance
substantial significance
descriptive statistics
generalizability
1 points
QUESTION 4
Correlation coefficients examine:
differences between two groups
differences between two or more groups
the relationship between variables
how variables can be arranged into higher-order factors
1 points
QUESTION 5
Correlation coefficients can test this many variables at a time:
only one
only two
one or more
two or more
1 points
QUESTION 6
The appropriate test statistic to use is the:
t test for the correlation coefficient
p test for the correlation coefficient
r test for the correlation coefficient
t test for statistical significance
1 points
QUESTION 7
Correlations can be:
directional or nondirectional
only directional
only nondirectional
neither directional nor nondirectional
1 points
QUESTION 8
Significant correlations are not able to indicate:
the probability level
size of the effect
causality
strength of the effect
1 points
QUESTION 9
What is another term for a positive correlation?
indirect
nondirectional
direct
unidirectional
1 points
QUESTION 10
What is another term for a negative correlation?
indirect
nondirectional
direct
unidirectional
1 points
QUESTION 11
What is the most important characteristic of a correlation coefficient?
number of variables included
absolute value
one-tailed
two-tailed
1 points
QUESTION 12
Which of the following is an example of a null hypothesis for testing a correlation
coefficient?
H1: ρxy = 0
H1: ρxy > 0
H0: ρxy = 0
H0: ρxy > 0
1 points
QUESTION 13
If you posit a relationship between two variables as being either positive or negative, what
type of test should you use?
two-tailed
ANOVA
one-tailed
Cohen's d
1 points
QUESTION 14
If you do not predict a relationship between two variables as being either positive or
negative, what type of test should you use?
two-tailed
ANOVA
one-tailed
Cohen's d
1 points
QUESTION 15
The level of risk or Type I error typically set for testing the level of significance of a
correlation coefficient is which of the following?
.01
.05
.95
.99
1 points
QUESTION 16
Which of the following is the appropriate method for calculating the degrees of freedom
associated with a correlation coefficient?
n-1
n-2
n-3
n-4
1 points
QUESTION 17
In the formula for calculating degrees of freedom for a correlation coefficient, what does the
“n” represent?
sample size
number of groups
number of pairs
population
1 points
QUESTION 18
What is the name of the Greek letter ρ?
Phi
Rho
Chi
Alpha
1 points
QUESTION 19
Which of the following Greek symbols is used to represent the population estimate for a
correlation coefficient?
α
χ
ρ
σ
1 points
QUESTION 20
Which of the following represents the test statistic for a correlation coefficient?
t
r
ϕ
F
1 points
QUESTION 21
Which of the following is another use of correlation coefficients?
testing mean differences
testing causal relationships
estimating reliability
estimating power
1 points
QUESTION 22
Which of the following types of reliability correlates scores on a single measure on two
different occasions?
test-retest
inter-rater
parallel forms
internal consistency
1 points
QUESTION 23
If the correlation between two variables is .496, how much of the variance has not been
accounted for?
24.6%
49.6%
50.4%
75.4%
1 points
QUESTION 24
If the correlation between two variables is .496, what is the coefficient of determination?
.246
.496
.504
.754
1 points
QUESTION 25
What does the statement rxy ≠ 0 represent?
null hypothesis
t statistic
mean difference
research hypothesis
1 points
QUESTION 26
If a research hypothesis does not predict the direction of a relationship, the test is
__________.
one-tailed
two-tailed
direct
positive
1 points
QUESTION 27
If a research hypothesis posits that there is a direct relationship between two variables, the
test is __________.
one-tailed
two-tailed
negative
nondirectional
1 points
QUESTION 28
In the equation r(65) = .45, p < .05, what does r represent?
observed statistic
experimental statistic
test statistic
critical statistic
1 points
QUESTION 29
In the equation r(65) = .45, p < .05, what are the degrees of freedom?
.45
45
.65
65
1 points
QUESTION 30
In the equation r(65) = .45, p < .05, what is the obtained value?
.45
45
.65
65
1 points
QUESTION 31
When computing a correlation coefficient, if you have a degrees of freedom of 27, your
sample size must be:
29
27
25
26
1 points
QUESTION 32
When computing a correlation coefficient, if you have the degrees of freedom of 55, your
sample size must be:
55
53
56
57
1 points
QUESTION 33
If a simple Pearson correlation value = .512, what percentage of variance is accounted for?
26%
49%
51%
74%
1 points
QUESTION 34
If a simple Pearson correlation value = .685, what percentage of variance is accounted for?
35%
47%
68%
69%
1 points
QUESTION 35
If a simple Pearson correlation value = .362, what percentage of variance is unaccounted for?
25%
36%
56%
87%
1 points
QUESTION 36
If a simple Pearson correlation value = .75, what percentage of variance is unaccounted for?
25%
44%
56%
75%
1 points
QUESTION 37
Correlation coefficients examine the relationship between variables.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 38
A correlation coefficient can only test one variables at a time.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 39
The appropriate test statistic to use is the t test for the correlation coefficient.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 40
With regard to correlations, tests can be either directional or nondirectional.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 41
A significant correlation does not indicate causality.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 42
A significant correlation indicates a meaningful relationship.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 43
If two variables are significantly correlated, this means that one variable causes the other.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 44
The correlation coefficient can only be used for one-tailed tests.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 45
Correlations can be used to examine the differences between groups.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 46
If you cannot find an exact match for your degrees of freedom on a t-table, to be more
conservative, you would choose the closest degrees of freedom that is:
higher
lower
the highest value on the table
the lowest value on the table
1 points
QUESTION 47
Which of the following indicates a significant correlation?
p = .21
p < .05
p < .20
p < .50
1 points
QUESTION 48
Which of the following indicates a NON-significant correlation?
p<.05
p<.01
p = .02
p = .30
1 points
QUESTION 49
When computing a correlation coefficient, if you have the degrees of freedom of 27, your
sample size must be:
27
29
25
28
1 points
QUESTION 50
A single correlation can be computed in order to determine the relationship between three
variables.
True
False