Name: _______________________________________________________________ Date: ________________
Universe, Star, Planet, and Element Formation Summative
Part I - True & False and Multiple Choice Questions (Level 2)
Write (A) for True or (B) for False
1.
______ Atoms of elements such as helium and carbon were formed in the interior of stars.
2. ______ Only stars with very small masses will produce a supernova.
3. ______ The sun is mostly oxygen and carbon.
4.
______ Yellow stars are hotter than blue stars.
5. ______ The Doppler effect indicates if an object is moving toward or away from an
observer.
6.
______ The temperature & life expectancy of a star can be determined solely from its
distance.
7.
______ The Universe is currently shrinking or condensing.
8.
______ Nuclear Fusion is the process through which two light atoms combine into a
heavier atom and release energy.
Multiple Choice Questions (Level 2)
9. When does a protostar become a true star?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
when the star is 1 million years old
when the central temperature reaches 1 million Kelvin
when nuclear fusion begins in the core
when the thermal energy becomes trapped in the center
when the stellar winds and jets blow away the surrounding material
10. Where would a brown dwarf be located on an H-R diagram?
a. upper right
b. on the lower part of the main sequence
c. below and to the right of the lowest part of the main sequence
d. lower left
e. above and to the left of the main sequence
Name: _______________________________________________________________ Date: ________________
11. How does the sun generate its energy?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The fission of heavy elements like uranium in its core
The fusion of hydrogen
The release of gravitational potential energy
The release of chemical energy by burning oxygen
The cooling of molten, electrically charged gold
12. Since all stars begin their lives with the same basic composition, what
characteristic most determines how they will differ?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
location where they are formed
luminosity they are formed with
color they are formed with
time they are formed
mass they are formed with
13. Blue is the hottest color because its wave has the highest
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Amplitude
Frequency
Wavelength
Vibration
Medium
Part II - Hertzsprung-Russel Diagram Questions (Level 2)
Name: _______________________________________________________________ Date: ________________
14. A star has its luminosity and temperature determined using telescopes, and found
to have the following characteristics: Luminosity =100 and Temperature 5,000°.
a. Based on the star type, what is the next stage in the star’s lifespan?
b. What would cause a white dwarf star to become a black dwarf?
C. On a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, where would we find stars that are cool and dim?
Part III - Short Answer Questions (Level 3 & 4 Questions)
15. Explain the differences between an average-sized star and a massive star’s life cycle
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Name: _______________________________________________________________ Date: ________________
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16. Explain why a massive gas giant (like Jupiter) is unlikely to form very close to a
new star (e.g. where Mercury is).
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17. Analyze and explain the meaning of the following quote: “If you wish to make an
apple pie from scratch, you must first invent the universe.” ― Carl Sagan, Cosmos
(level 4 question)
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Part IV - Free Response Question (FRQ)
Answer ONE of the following TWO FRQ’s using the Claim-Evidence-Reasoning Format (CER):
❖
❖
How old is the Earth?
How did heavy elements such Silver and copper form and make their way to Earth?
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Name: _______________________________________________________________ Date: ________________
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Standards assessed in this Summative:
Standard
Description
Name: _______________________________________________________________ Date: ________________
HS ESS1-1
Develop a model based on evidence to illustrate the life span of the sun and
the role of nuclear fusion in the sun’s core to release energy that eventually
reaches Earth in the form of radiation.
HS ESS1-3
Communicate scientific ideas about the way stars, over their life cycle,
produce elements.
SEP 2
Developing and Using Models
Rubric:
Questions 1-13
Question 14
Question 15-16
Question 17
FRQ
4
3
2
1
❏ 11+ Correct
❏ 9-10 Correct
❏ 6-8 Correct
❏ <6 Correct
❏ All Correct
❏ All Correct
❏ 2 Correct
❏ <2 Correct
❏ Both Correct
❏ Both Correct
❏ 1 Correct
❏ <1 Correct
❏ Correct
❏ Incorrect or
not fully
formed
response
❏ Incorrect
❏ Incorrect
❏ 2-3 Pieces of
Evidence Used
❏ Reasoning
explains and
supports the
claim and
evidence
❏ 1 Piece of
Evidence Used
❏ Reasoning
explains and
supports the
claim and
evidence
❏ Evidence is not
from an
outside source.
❏ Reasoning
explains and
supports the
claim and
evidence.
❏ CER format
was attempted