VM PMI 126
IMMUNOLOGY
2ND MIDTERM
2016
There is only one correct answer for each question. Select the “best” answer.
All antigens are immunogens.
a) True
b) False
2.
Adjuvants are used in vaccine to suppress unwanted immune responses.
a) True
b) False
3.
What is the antigen-specific receptor on B lymphocytes?
a) Alpha-beta heterodimer
b) Fc receptor
c) Surface immunoglobulin (Sig)
d) C3b receptor
e) None of the above
4.
A plasma cell “secretes” which of the following?
a) TCRs
b) Processed peptides
c) Acute phase proteins
d) Antibody
e) Toll-like receptors
5.
How many classes (isotypes) of antibody do humans produce?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
e) 5
6.
How many hypervariable regions (complementarity determining regions; CDRs) are found in the variable part
of the light chain of antibody (VL)?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
e) 5
7.
How many antigen-binding sites would you find on a single molecule of IgM on the surface of a B
lymphocyte?
a) 2
b) 4
c) 6
d) 8
e) 10
8.
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1.
How many antigen-binding sites would you find on a single molecule of secreted IgM
a) 2
b) 4
c) 6
d) 8
e) 10
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A hybridoma is an immortalized plasma cell that can be grown in vitro and secrets polyclonal antibody of
known specificities.
a) True
b) False
10.
The CDRs in antibody are associated with the actual antigen-binding site.
a) True
b) False
11.
Which of the following antibodies can cross the human placenta into the developing fetus?
a) IgM
b) IgG
c) IgA
d) IgE
e) All of the above
12.
Which of the following antibodies would you best associate with an allergy such as hay fever?
a) IgM
b) IgG
c) IgA
d) IgE
e) All of the above
13.
Which of the following antibodies displays antigen specificity?
a) IgM
b) IgG
c) IgA
d) IgE
e) All of the above
14.
Which of the following antibody classes would play the greatest role in protecting mucosal surfaces such as
the intestine?
a) IgD
b) IgG
c) Secretory IgA
d) IgE
e) None of the above
15.
Which of the following antibodies would you associate with activating the classical pathway of the
complement cascade?
a) IgM
b) IgD
c) IgA
d) IgE
e) All of the above
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9.
16.
IgM serum levels (mg/ml) are greater than any of the other antibody classes.
a) True
b) False
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The lymphocyte cell lineage is able to retain a stable genetic (germline) blueprint following successful
generation of either T cell receptors or B cell receptors (antibody) because of RNA processing.
a) True
b) False
18.
Differential RNA processing (RNA splicing) is responsible for the simultaneous expression of both IgM and
IgD in a single B lymphocyte.
a) True
b) False
19.
Which of the following contribute to the generation of immunoglobulin (antibody) diversity?
a) Combinatorial V-(D)-J joining
b) Addition of P and N nucleotides between the constant (C) region domains.
c) Class switching
d) All of the above
e) a and b
20.
T cell receptors (TCR) are similar to B cell receptors (Sig) in that TCR MHC-peptide binding sites are created
by a total of six CDRs, 3 on the beta chain and 3 on the alpha chain.
a) True
f) False
21.
B and T cell receptors (Sig) have long cytoplasmic tails that induce signal transduction to the nucleus
(activation signals) upon binding antigen?
a) True
g) b) False
22.
Which of the following can be true of T cell receptors?
a) Composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain
b) Composed of a gamma chain and beta-2 microglobulin
c) Secreted as soluble proteins in terminally differentiated T cells
d) Similar to B cell receptors in that the constant regions are responsible for effector function
e) All of the above
23.
Which of the following can contribute to generation of TCR diversity, relative to antigen-binding?
a) Class switching
b) Affinity maturation
c) J-C joining
d) All of the above
e) None of the above
25.
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17.
Which of the following enzymes contributes to the process of gene rearrangement and generation of receptor
diversity in both developing B and T lymphocytes?
a) Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)
b) RAG-1
c) RAG-2
d) All of the above
e) None of the above
Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) adds “N nucleotides” at random without a DNA template at the
joints of V-D joining in both developing T and B lymphocytes.
a) True
b) False
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What is the purpose of the hinge region in an antibody molecule?
a) Allows the antibody to cross the placenta
b) Permits the RAG-1 and RAG-2 recombinases to cut the DNA during gene rearrangement
c) Has no function
d) Facilitates binding of IgE to mast cells
e) None of the above
27.
Which part of an antibody has the antigen binding site?
a) Fc
b) Hinge region
c) Fab
d) F(ab’)2
e) Both c and d
28.
The heavy and light chains of an antibody are held together only by ionic interactions and hydrophobic bonds.
a) True
b) False
29.
Antibodies are highly specific for the antigen that induced their production and cannot cross-react with other
antigens, thereby insuring we do not develop autoimmunity.
a) True
b) False
30.
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in the human encodes Class I and Class II proteins. Which of
the following MHC gene products are antigen-specific?
a) Class I proteins
b) Class II proteins
c) immunoproteasomes
d) All of the above
e) None of the above
31.
Which of the following is true of MHC class 1 proteins?
a) They primarily present peptides generated in the endocytic compartment
b) They can present peptides to CD4-expressing T-helper (TH) cells
c) They can present peptides to CD8-expressing T-cytotoxic (TC) cells
d) All of the above
e) None of the above
32.
Which of the following would you primarily associate with the processing and presentation of exogenous
antigen
a) Immunoproteasomes
b) TAP
c) MHC class II proteins
d) All of the above
e) a and b
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26.
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Which of the following would you primarily associate with the processing and presentation of cytosolic
antigen
a) Immunoproteasomes
b) TAP-1
c) MHC class II proteins
d) All of the above
e) a and b
34.
MHC class I proteins are typically expressed on which of the following cells?
a) Epithelial cells
b) Dendritic cells
c) Neutrophils
d) Fibroblasts
e) All of the above
35.
The peptide binding site of a MHC class I protein is created by a combination of the alpha chain and the beta
chain?
a) True
b) False
36.
The loading of peptide onto an MHC class II protein occurs in the endosomal compartment and is facilitated
by removal of CLIP from the peptide binding site by HLA-DM
a) True
b) False
37.
The affinity of the TCR for MHC-peptide (antigen) is much greater that the affinity of antibody for antigen.
a) True
b) False
38.
Binding affinity between antibody and antigen is a function of the number of covalent bonds that are formed
between the two
a) True
b) False
39.
The half-life of IgG is:
a) Days
b) Weeks
c) Months
d) Years
e) None of the above
We will accept either a or b
Th
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33.
T cell epitopes and B cell epitopes on an immunogenic bacterial cell wall glycoprotein will be very similar in
nature.
a) True
b) False
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