Inhalation and Exhalation
•
Respiration is the process which delivers oxygen to the
body’s cells and removes carbon dioxide which has
been form during cellular respiration.
•
Inhalation is the process of breathing in air. Inhaled air
contain more oxygen.
•
Exhalation is the process of breathing out air. The
exhaled air contains more carbon dioxide compared to
inhaled air.
•
The oxygen diffuses into the red blood cells and combines with haemoglobin
to form oxyhaemoglobin.
•
Carbon dioxide produced by the respiring cells is transported to the alveolus
in 3 ways:
 By dissolving in the blood plasma.
 By combining with haemoglobin to form carbamino haemoglobin.
 By dissolving in the cytoplasm of the red blood cells and transported
in the form of bicarbonate ions.
• Carbohydrates are an important source of energy in the
human diet.
• Carbohydrates are composed of long chains of glucose
molecules.
• Glucose is the main substance required in cellular respiration
for producing energy. A glucose molecule is “energy-rich”.
• In humans and animals, glucose is obtained from the
digestion of carbohydrates.
Aerobic Respiration
•
Most of the energy released from cellular respiration is used to
synthesise ATP from ADP and phosphate.
•
The energy is stored in this phosphate bond making them high in
energy.
•
The whole function of ATP is an “energy storage molecule” where
energy is retained until it comes necessary to release this energy to
perform some function within the cells.
•
ATP act as a source of energy for most metabolic processes such as
muscle contraction, cell division, growth, transmission of nerve
impulses and other cellular processes.
•
ATP consists of phosphate bond which can be easily
broken down to release energy.
•
The stored energy in ATP can be released by
converting ATP to ADP.
•
When energy is required by the body, ATP is broken
down.
• As energy is released when
needed, ATP converts back to
ADP and phosphate.
• ATP and ADP are constantly
being recycled.
• Energy from cellular respiration
is used to synthesize ATP from
ADP and phosphate.