YALE MUN KOREA 2017
DELEGATE
TRAINING
TEXTBOOK
1
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
3
4
5
7
13
21
24
29
2
About the Committees Team
Schedule
Chapter 1: Introduction to Yale
MUN Korea
Chapter 2: What is an MUN
Conference?
Chapter 3: Yale MUN
Procedure
Chapter 4: Best Delegate
Practices
Chapter 5: Position Papers and
Intersectional Committees
Review and Conclusion
ABOUT
THE COMMITTEES TEAM
EUJIN JANG
ERIC MARGOLIS
Eric Margolis is this year’s
Director General of Committees.
As DG Comms, he is responsible
with creating the Yale MUN Korea
Delegate Training program and
curating its content. He will also
lead the training for Chairs, current
Yale students, and ensure in
general that this year’s committees
and topic guides are of excellent
quality.
Eric is a junior from outside
Philadelphia. An English major, Eric
also has interests in environmental
studies, international relations, and
languages and literary translation.
Eujin Jang is this years
Undersecretary
General
of
Committees.
While
helping
extensively with topic guides,
delegate training, and chair
training, Eujin is responsible for the
recruitment, selection, and training
of high school vice-chairs. She
will also run the Page program for
Korean middle-schoolers.
Although born in Seoul, she
grew up in Northern Virginia, Salt
Lake City, and Atlanta, while her
family currently resides in Boston.
She has a wide range of intellectual
interests and hopes to double
major in Economics and Applied
Mathematics.
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SCHEDULE
Please note the
schedule is subject
to change.
The conference will
be taking place
May 19-21, 2017.
FRIDAY, MAY 19
3:00-6:00 PM: 5:00-5:30 PM: 5:30-6:00 PM: 6:00-6:30 PM: 6:30-7:30 PM: 7:30-8:30 PM: 8:30-10:30 PM: Registration
Pre-Conference Training Workshop
Seating For Opening Ceremonies
Opening Ceremonies
Committee Session 0
Delegate Dinner
Committee Session I
9:00-9:30 AM: 9:30 AM-12:00 PM:
12:00 PM-1:00 PM:
1:00-2:00 PM: 2:00-4:30 PM: 4:30-5:30 PM: 5:30-6:30 PM: 6:30-9:00 PM: 9:30-11:00 PM: Chair Office Hours
Committee Session II
Lunch
Yale Information Session
Committee Session III
Secretariat Led Workshops
Dinner
Committee Session IV
Yale Ball
9:00-12:00 PM: 12:00-1:00 PM: 1:00-3:00 PM: Committee Session V
Lunch
Committee Session VI
SATURDAY, MAY 20
SUNDAY, MAY 21
3:00-4:00 PM: 4
Closing Ceremonies
CHAPTER 1:
INTRODUCTION TO YALE MUN KOREA
Yale Model United Nations Korea is an MUN conference under the
umbrella of the Yale International Relations Association (YIRA). YIRA
is a non-profit, founded in 1969, and run by students at Yale with the
mission of educating Yalies and others about international relations.
YIRA runs many programs, including a MUN team, various conferences,
the local teaching initiative Hemispheres, and brings exciting speakers
in the field of international relations to Yale.
Yale MUN Korea was founded in 2012. Each year the conference
has grown in some way or another, continuously implementing new
initiatives. Last year saw the implementation of financial aid, a successful
charitable partner and conference theme, and more committees. This
year’s conference is focusing on enhancing the educational mission
and maximizing the number of delegates that can be impacted.
WHAT MAKES YALE MUN KOREA SPECIAL?
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•
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The premier international English conference in Asia
More than a quarter of delegates in 2016 were international
The conference’s small committee sizes allows for maximum
participation in committee
This year’s delegate, vice-chair, and chair training programs
will create truly exciting and dynamic committees, not only
because of the diversity of its participants, but because of the
participants’ knowledge and enthusiasm
YMUN Procedure combines the best of USA-UNA and THIMUN
style while still preparing delegates to be able to participate in
other conferences in the future
Mission in Action: This year will see the implementation
of intersectional committees, which encourage chairs and
delegates to think about race, gender, economics, and the
environment in committee.
Unique and powerful relationship with charitable partners
The people: outstanding secretariats in Yale, Seoul, and ViceChairs from around the world!
SOME YIRA PROGRAMS
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•
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YMUN (Yale Model United Nations):
Yale’s flagship MUN conference,
hosted on Yale’s campus, attracts over
1500 students from around the world.
MUNTY (Model United Nations Team
Yale): An MUN team that competes in
regional, national, and international
conferences.
YRIS (Yale Review of International
Studies): A publication that discusses
prominent international issues, written
and edited by Yale undergraduates.
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HOW TO USE THIS TEXT
This textbook accompanies the online
delegate training academy. Please see the
Yale MUN Korea website for information on
how to sign-up, and make sure to read the
textbook alongside the lessons--this textbook
is not meant to be a substitute for participating
in the online training program!
Here are the lists of the remaining online
lessons after the introductory lesson. Make
sure to sign up and participate!
2. What is an MUN conference? (3/31)
Learn about the United Nations, the goals
of MUN conferences, and an overview of
what’s going to happen in and outside
committee at Yale MUN Korea 2017
3. YMUN Procedure (4/7)
Learn about Yale MUN Korea’s unique
procedure in detail through comprehensive
videos. Learn about committee structure,
writing clauses and resolutions, terms,
points, and motions, and more!
4. Best Delegate Practices (4/17)
Learn how to be a best delegate:
information about awards, and exercises
that develop speaking, debate, and writing
skills.
5. Position Papers and Intersectional
Committees (4/24)
Learn how to write a position paper and
experience a unique Yale MUN Korea
initiative, intersectional committees.
6. Review
Each lesson will last about one week
and feature a new assignment, but the
assignments won’t take more than an hour or
so to complete.
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YALE MUN KOREA 2016 PHOTOS
CHAPTER 2:
WHAT IS AN MUN CONFERENCE?
In order to understand an MUN conference, first one must understand the United
Nations itself. The United Nations is an intergovernmental organization that allows for
international cooperation and the resolution of pressing international issues.
A TIMELINE OF THE UNITED NATIONS
June 28, 1919
The forerunner of the United Nations - the League of Nations - was established
under the Treaty of Versailles after World War I, but it would fail to preserve
world peace, as evidenced by the breakout of World War II
January 1, 1942
US President Franklin D. Roosevelt coins the term “United Nations” in the
“Declaration of the United Nations,” a pledge of 26 nations to fight against the
Axis Powers in World War II
October 24, 1945
The United Nations is officially founded after 50 countries met in San Francisco
at the United Nations Conference on International Organization in order to
draft the United Nations Charter
January 10, 1946
The first General Assembly is held with 51 nations in London
December 10, 1948
The “Universal Declaration of Human Rights” is adopted
June 27, 1950
In the absence of the Soviet Union, the UN Security Council calls on member
states to intervene in Korea, helping the forces in south repel invasion from the
North
July 27, 1953
The United Nations facilitates the signing of the Korean Armistice Agreement,
formally ending the Korean War
November 7, 1956
September 30, 1960
The United Nations Emergency Force (UNEP) is established as the first UN
peacekeeping force
The largest increase in membership in one year occurs as 17 newly
independent states (16 from Africa) join the UN
August 7, 1963
The UN Security Council approves a voluntary arms embargo against South
Africa in condemnation of its apartheid practices
June 12, 1968
The UN General Assembly approves the “Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of
Nuclear Weapons”
October 25, 1971
May 8, 1980
January 31, 1992
The General Assembly votes to seat representatives of the People’s Republic
of China
The World Health Organization officially declares smallpox to be eradicated
The first Security Council Summit, with attendance from all 15 members, is
held in New York.
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May 23, 1993
The UN supervises a successful election in Cambodia, ending 15 years of
strife
September 6, 2000
World leaders gather at the UN Millennium Summit to set the Millennium
Development Goals
August 19, 2003
January 12, 2010
July 2, 2010
December 17, 2010
October 31, 2011
November 29, 2012
July 12, 2013
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A terrorist bomb attack on the United Nations headquarters marks the first
ever direct targeting of the United Nations
The Haiti earthquake marks the deadliest disaster in the history of UN
Peacekeeping
The General Assembly establishes UN Women
The UN endorses global decriminalization of homosexuality and other
measures to safeguard the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender
people
The global population reaches 7 billion
The General Assembly grants non-Member Observer State status to the State
of Palestine
First UN Youth Assembly is held, rallied by Malala Yousafzai
January 1, 2014
The record-breaking Ebola epidemic in West Africa becomes the first-ever
Emergency Health Mission (UNMEER)
January 1, 2015
Sustainable Development Goals Beyond 2015 are adopted after the formal
expiration of the Millennium Development Goals
OVERVIEW OF THE UN
Origins
• After World War I, the League of
Nations was established in 1920 to
prevent another international disaster
• However, the breakout of World War II
proved it unsuccessful
• After World War II, the United Nations
was established in 1945 to maintain
world peace in a more effective way
Purpose
From Chapter 1, Article 1 of the Charter of
the United Nations:
1. Maintain international peace and
security by taking collective measures
to prevent and remove threats,
suppress aggression, and settle
disputes
2. Develop friendly relations between
nations based on equal rights, selfdetermination, and the strengthening
of peace
3. Achieve international cooperation to
solve economic, social, cultural, and
humanitarian challenges, and promote
human rights and fundamental
freedoms for people of all races, sexes,
languages, religions, etc.
4. Serve as the center for harmonizing
actions of nations striving for these
common goals
Organization
• Currently consists of 193 members states
• Six main organs:
• General Assembly - principal policy-making organ;
represented by all member states
• Security Council - maintains international peace and
security; 5 permanent members (China, France, Russia, UK,
US), 10 non-permanent members; can authorize sanctions
and use of force
• Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) - principal organ
for policy regarding economic, social, and humanitarian
issues; oversees implementation of universally agreed
development goals
• Trusteeship Council - inactive since 1994; supervised 11
Trust Territories to independence and self-governance
• International Court of Justice (ICJ) - principal judicial
organ; settles international disputes
• Secretariat - comprised of the Secretary-General (chief
administrative officer of UN) and tens of thousands of UN
staff members who carry out day-to-day work of the UN
• Affiliated Funds, Programmes, Specialized Agencies
• United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), United
Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), United Nations High
Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), World Bank, World
Health Organization (WHO), International Monetary Fund
(IMF)
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Some Main Achievements
• Preservation of World Heritage Sites UNESCO
• Eradication of Smallpox - WHO
• Protection of the Ozone and
Environment - UNEP, Montreal Protocol
• Protecting Children - UNICEF has
helped save the lives of 90+ million
• Promotion of Arms Control - critical
role in “Treaty on the Non-Proliferation
of Nuclear Weapons” (NPT)
• Prosecution of War Crimes
• Food and Humanitarian Aid - deaths
due to famine have decreased globally,
alleviated recent natural disasters in
Japan and Haiti
• Refugee Aid - UNHCR has helped 17+
million; especially critical in 2016-17
in lieu of Syria, Sudan, Democratic
Republic of the Congo, etc.
The Modern United Nations
• Headquartered in New York City; main
offices in Geneva, Nairobi, Vienna
• Funded voluntarily by member states
• Secretary-General: Antonio Guterres
(Portugal)
• After the formal deadline of 2015 for
the eight Millennium Development
Goals (MDG), new sustainable
development goals were drafted for
the next 15 years
Source: “About the UN”: http://www.un.org/en/
about-un/index.html
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GOALS OF AN MUN CONFERENCE
•
•
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Discuss the most important issues in international relations
today andto understand their content. What plagues our
world? And even more importantly, how do we solve it? In MUN
delegates come up with actual solutions to these real-world
problems.
Practice and hone essential skills, including but not limited
to debate, formal and impromptu speaking, working
collaboratively, writing, and problem solving. The skills you
gain in an MUN conference will stick with you as useful for high
school, extra-curriculars, college, and whatever future path or
career you end up traveling.
Overcome cultural barriers, understand intersectionality,
and foster cross-cultural understanding. At Yale MUN Korea
delegates from all backgrounds and skill levels gather in an
intense but collaborative environment. There could be no
better place to enhance your understanding of others, and
make friends while you’re at it.
WHAT HAPPENS AT YALE MUN KOREA?
YALE MUN KOREA EVENTS
Exciting and fun events!
But more importantly, there’s committee itself. Committee itself has
a lot of different parts that we’ll break down more next lesson, but let’s
get acquainted now, because there’s a lot to learn.
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Opening Speeches: Delegates have the opportunity to give an
opening speech, introducing him or herself to the committee,
and laying down a delegate’s perspective, priorities, and
primary goals for committee. What is a delegate most
concerned about? What solutions would they like to discuss?
Moderated Caucus: Moderated caucus is where delegates
debate, under the moderation of the chair, various subtopics
within each topic in order to form blocs (groups that work
together on clauses and resolutions), lay down solutions,
debate topic specifics, and move the committee as a whole
closer to being able to write and vote on resolutions.
Unmoderated Caucus: Unmoderated caucus is informal
debate without chair moderation. Unmoderated caucus has
myriad purposes: in the beginning of the conference, it is an
opportunity for delegates to meet one another and learn their
positions. As committee goes on, it will turn into the primary
time for writing the clauses and resolutions that will eventually
be voted on in formal debate.
Resolutions and Clauses: Resolutions and clauses are where
the content of the committee’s solutions to the issues go. One
clauses is one specific action that the committee will take to
solve the problem (most likely a subtopic, or sub-problem
within the whole topic). An entire resolution is many clauses
that together offer a comprehensive solution to the topic.
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Opening
Ceremonies:
At
the
beginning of Yale MUN Korea, the
whole conference gathers together to
kick off the conference with speeches
from the Secretary General, guest
speaker, and charity partner.
Yale Information Session: We want to
allow our delegates to take advantage
of Yale. So this year we’re bringing
the admissions officer for Asia to give
a Yale Information Session. And of
course, delegates are encouraged to
interact with their chairs outside of
committee.
Workshops:
Our
secretariat-led
workshops on fascinating topics
ranging from public speaking to social
media to help delegates develop a
broader skillset and bring home even
more from our conference.
The Yale Ball: A dance that brings
together the whole conference around
dancing and fun, and awesome
American, Korean, and international
music.
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Formal Debate: In formal debate, committee debates the
resolutions at hand. Delegates that did not submit the current
resolution will be given a chance to read it, and there will
be speakers for and against the resolution. Amendments to
change or remove clauses or sub-clauses will also be debated
during this time.
Voting Procedure: After the time for formal debate has elapsed,
the committee will vote on a resolution. Majority (typically) rules.
Afterwards the committee will add preambulatory clauses to
the resolution, that lay out important concepts to consider (but
are not actually substantive).
The Yale Ball
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CHAPTER 3:
YALE MUN PROCEDURE
Yale Model United Nations Korea 2017 will be
following YMUN Procedure. Yale MUN Procedure is
a unique procedure developed by and used at at
YIRA’s Yale Model United Nations conference, a four
day MUN conference for high-schoolers that takes
place in New Haven, Connecticut, on Yale’s campus.
Yale MUN Procedure is very similar to the UNA-USA
style of MUN, with its emphasis on impromptu and
elegant speaking, but with additional innovations
inspired by international procedure to increase
focus on content and writing. Yale MUN has been
continuously evolving since its debut at Yale MUN
2014, and has undergone revisions for Yale MUN
2017, as well as Yale MUN Korea 2017.
Yale MUN Procedure is valuable because while
working within the familiar UNA-USA framework,
which experienced delegates will be familiar with, it
has some additional opportunities that should ease
the adjustment for first-time delegates.
UNMODERATED
CAUCUS
MODERATED
DEBATE
The overall shape
of procedure is as
follows:
CHAIR’S INTRODUCTION
OPENING SPEECHES
LOBBYING PERIOD
FORMAL DEBATE
AND VOTING
TOPIC 2
13
Let’s walk through YMUN procedure step by
step.
CHAIR’S INTRODUCTION
This will only occur once, briefly at the
beginning of the first session. The chair will
use this opportunity to introduce him or
herself, and explain any modifications to
standard YMUN procedure that will be used
in that committee. This is particularly relevant
for Specialized committees, where procedure
necessarily must be modified for committees
such as the United Nations Security Council.
The chairs of DISEC committee at Yale MUN Korea 2016 introduce themselves
to the committee.
OPENING SPEECHES
Larger committees will utilize a Speaker’s
List. Delegates will sign up by raising their
placards when asked, and then be called upon
to speak. Delegates use the opening speeches
as an opportunity to introduce their stance on
the topic being discussed. Delegates often
raise relevant sub-topics, and even begin to
propose solutions for the topic in opening
speeches. The speaking time is set at the
discretion of the chair.
For smaller committees, there will be
a round robin. Each delegate will have an
opportunity to speak in turn (no sign-ups are
required).
A delegate at Yale MUN Korea 2016 delivers an opening speech to his
committee.
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LOBBYING PERIOD
After time has elapsed for opening
speeches, committee will move into the
lobbying period, which is used to describe
the time delegates use to debate the topics
and write clauses and working papers.
During the lobbying period, committee
can move freely between moderated and
unmoderated debate. The chair will ask for
points and motions, and delegates may
motion for a moderated or unmoderated
caucus, specifying length and speaking time;
alternatively the chair may decide at their own
discretion on moderated or unmoderated
debate of a length of their specification. The
ultimate goal of lobbying period is to, by its
conclusion, have written a resolution that
adequately solves the topic at hand. In order
to reach this point, delegates will first write
clauses, and after the chair reviews them,
combine them into working papers.
Moderated Debate: Moderated caucuses
are used to form blocs, debate specific subtopics, and discuss proposed solutions that
delegates are working on in unmoderated
caucus. They will prove as useful to help
delegates decide who to work with, what subtopics are most important, and in general how
to proceed in unmoderated caucus.
Unmoderated Caucus: Unmoderated
caucus is where the clauses and working
papers actually get written. Delegates will talk
with fellow delegates to get a sense of who
they would like to work alongside, and then,
forming blocs and groups, begin to write
clauses that solve specific sub-topics of each
issue. When delegates have finished writing
a clause, they submit it to the dias, which will
provide feedback. After many clauses have
been written, the dias will encourage delegates
to begin to merge their clauses into working
papers (which becomes resolutions in formal
debate). Typically each bloc in committee will
submit one working paper to the dias.
The maximum and minimum numbers
of sponsors (official submitters of a working
paper) and signatories (the number of
delegates that must sign off on a resolution
agreeing that it should be debated in
committee) will vary per committee, and will
be announced by the chair.
Additionally, during Lobbying Period
those writing clauses are encouraged to
present on their working papers with short,
formal presentations. Any delegate wishing
to do so may submit their working paper to
the chair for feedback. After the chair provides
A delegate participates in moderated caucus, making her point to committee.
Delegates work together in unmoderated caucus to write working papers.
15
feedback, delegates will have the opportunity
to present their working papers to fellow
delegates for the purpose of increasing
collaboration and giving other delegates
in committee the opportunity to contribute
ideas and give feedback in a moderated or
unmoderated caucus. These are known as
Working Paper Presentations.
FORMAL DEBATE AND VOTING
Once time has elapsed for the lobbying
period, committee will move into formal debate
and voting procedure on the resolutions that
delegates have drafted.
Formal Debate: One resolution at a time
will be presented to the entire committee.
Delegates will have the opportunity to read
the resolution in its entirety. Then a presenter
will introduce the resolution, and that speaker
is followed by a speaker for and against the
resolution as a whole (speaking time is set
by the chair). Then the chair will open up to
general debate on the resolution, setting the
length of debate and speaking time at their
own discretion. During this debate, delegates
may introduce amendments. Amendments are
additional clauses or subclauses, or requests
to strike clauses or subclauses of a resolution.
When an amendment has been submitted and
approved by the chair, the amendment will
be debated, with a speaker for and against.
The amendment is then voted on, requiring a
simple majority to pass.
When a speaker presents on a resolution,
there will be time (decided upon by chair)
allocated for points of information. These are
substantive questions about the resolution.
The speaker will then have time to answer.
Points of information may be raised at any
point during formal debate. Please note that
points of information are not entertained
during moderated caucus.
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Voting Procedure: Except in unusual
cases, resolutions require a simple majority
to pass. If a resolution passes, delegates will
have time to write and vote on preambulatory
clauses. Preambulatory clauses, in contrast to
regular clauses, are justifications for action.
See the next chapter for more details about
resolutions, clauses, and preambulatory
clauses.
Once the resolutions for a topic have been
passed, and preambulatory clauses have
been written and voted upon, and debate on
the topic has concluded, the committee will
(celebrate! And then) move on to Topic 2 and
repeat the process.
Delegates read a resolution on the projector screen.
Delegates raise their placards, voting for or against a resolution.
MODEL UNITED NATIONS TERMS
TERM
VOTE?
DEFINITION/USAGE
Point of inquiry
Used to ask a chair a question about committee or
parliamentary procedure
N/A
Point of personal privilege
Used to inform the chair about physical discomfort, such as
being unable to hear another delegate
N/A
Point of information
Poses a question to the speaker during formal debate. The
speaker chooses whether or not to yield their time to points
of information
N/A
Friendly amendment
A change to a resolution that all sponsors agree with. The
amendment is incorporated directly into the resolution
without vote
None
Unfriendly amendment
A change to a resolution that some or all of the sponsors do
not support. Must be voted upon by the committee, and the
author will need signatories to introduce it
Simple majority
Sponsors
The main authors of a working paper/resolution
N/A
Signatories
Countries that wish to see a working paper/resolution
debated formally, whether or not they agree with it (they
may wish to propose amendments)
N/A
Motion to...
Delegates may call for motions if a chair asks for them.
Examples include motion for a moderated caucus, or a
motion to suspend debate (for a break)
Simple majority
Secretariat
The people who run a MUN conference
N/A
Roll Call
Attendance at the beginning of each MUN session
N/A
Yield
To give up time to questions, the dias, or another delegate
N/A
Bloc
A group of nations, typically that agree on some issue
N/A
Dias
The chairs of an MUN committee
N/A
FOR FIRST TIME DELEGATES
There are a number of general MUN procedural points that are not mentioned in this guide, that may confuse
delegates upon their arrival in Yale MUN Korea. For this purpose, and the purpose of understanding YMUN Procedure,
we recommend that delegates watch the sample committee video. Here first time delegates will learn by example
certain unusual MUN rules. For example, delegates should always speak in 3rd person, and raise their placards when
they wish to speak.
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POINTS AND MOTIONS – WHAT DO YOU SAY?
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES FROM UNA-USA
What
do youK
say
ANSWER
EYduring
TO Hdebate?
ANDOUT I: WHAT DO YOU SAY?
Description
What do you say?
The delegate has a question regarding the rules of procedure.
Honorable Chair, (Country Name) has a
point of Inquiry.
Delegate wishes to adjourn the meeting until next session.
Usually used to adjourn for lunch or dinner.
Delegate wishes to yield time to points of information or
questions from other delegates about the speech.
Honorable Chair, (Country Name) moves to
suspend debate for the purpose of lunch
Honorable Chair, (Country Name) yields to
points of information
OR
Honorable Chair, (Country Name) is open
to questions
Delegate wishes to tell the chair about of a physical
discomfort the delegate is experience (the inability to hear
another delegate’s speech, that the room is too hot, etc.).
Honorable Chair, (Country Name) has a
point of personal privilege, we cannot hear
the speaker, the room is too hot, etc…
Delegate wishes to suspend debate in order for a moderated
or un-moderated caucus. The purpose and the length of the
suspension need to be stated.
Honorable Chair, (Country Name) moves to
suspend the meeting for the purpose of a
moderated/ caucus to discuss landmines for
25 minutes, with a 1 minute speaking time.
OR
Honorable Chair, (Country Name) moves to
suspend the meeting for an un-moderated
caucus for 20 minutes.
Delegate wishes to end the debate on the topic. This topic
can be returned to at a later time. Before going to a vote, two
delegates must speak in favor of tabling the debate and two
must speak against it.
Honorable Chair, (Country Name) moves to
table the topic of landmines to be discussed
at a later time.
A delegate has just finished their speech. Another delegate
would like to ask them a question about speech. (Please note,
that a speaker must be open to questions.)
Honorable Chair, (Country Name) has a
point of information for the delegate.
The delegate feels that the chairperson has made an incorrect
decision. The appeal must first be made in writing.
Honorable Chair, (Country Name) moves
for an Appeal of the Chair (after a note has
been accepted).
Delegate wishes to close the debate and move to voting.
Honorable Chair, (Country Name) moves
for Closure of Debate on this topic.
http://www.unausa.org/images/content/GC_Model_UN/Model_UN_Prep/Activity_6_-_Points_and_Motions.pdf
18
PAGE 76
P
M
OINTS
OTIONS
Complete
list of AND
points and motions
– WHAT DO YOU SAY?
Please note that the chair ultimately has the authority in committee,
HANDOUT H: POINTS AND MOTIONS CHART
and may choose to consider motions out of order at any time.
Motions
Suspend the
Meeting
Description
Vote to Pass
Suspending the meeting means calling for a moderated or unmoderated
caucus. When moving to suspend the meeting, delegates should specify
the purpose for and length of the suspension. This motion requires an
immediate vote.
Simple
majority
Adjourn Meeting
Adjourning the meeting ends the committee session until the next
session, which may be held the following year. The motion is most
commonly made to end a committee session for the purpose of lunch
or dinner. It requires an immediate vote.
Simple
majority
Table Debate
This motion must not be confused with the motion to adjourn the
meeting. Tabling debate ends debate on the topic. Delegates can table
debate, move on to another topic and return to the first topic at a later
time. Before going to a vote, two delegates must speak in favor of
tabling debate and two speak against it.
Two-thirds
majority
Close Debate
Closing debate allows the committee to move into voting procedure.
Once a delegate feels that his or her country’s position has been made
clear, that there are enough draft resolutions on the floor and that all
other delegates are ready, he or she can move for the closure of debate.
Two delegates usually speak against the closure of debate. None speak
for it.
Two-thirds
majority
Appeal the Chair’s This motion is made when a delegate feels that the chairperson has
Decision
made an incorrect decision. The appeal must first be made in writing.
No vote
Point of Order
Points of order are used when delegates believe the chair has made an
error in the running of the committee. Delegates rising to points of
order may not speak on the substance of the matter under discussion.
They should only specify the errors they believe were made in the
formal committee procedure.
No vote
Point of Inquiry
(or Point of
Parliamentary
Procedure)
When the floor is open (i.e., no other delegate is speaking), a delegate
may rise to a point of inquiry in order to ask the chairperson a question
regarding the rules of procedure.
No vote
Point of Personal
Privilege
Points of personal privilege are used to inform the chairperson of a
physical discomfort a delegate is experiencing, such as the inability to
hear another delegate’s speech.
No vote
After a delegate has given a speech in formal debate, he or she may yield
time to points of information, or questions from other delegates
concerning the speech.
No vote
Point of
Information
http://www.unausa.org/images/content/GC_Model_UN/Model_UN_Prep/Activity_6_-_Points_and_Motions.pdf
PAGE 74
THE 2006 UNA-USA MODEL UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ADVISORS GUIDE
19
Phrases for operative clauses
Phrases for preambulatory clauses
20
CHAPTER 4:
BEST DELEGATE PRACTICES
There are many ways to perform strongly as a delegate in an
MUN Conference, especially in a conference like Yale MUN Korea that
focuses on educational growth and interacting with students from
diverse backgrounds. There are two important ways to measure your
own personal success as a delegate--by your own standards, and by
the awards criteria.
BY YOUR OWN STANDARD
SKILL
MEASUREMENT & IMPROVEMENT
Speaking
Measure the number of times you speak in
the first two committee sessions.
If you speak fewer than three times in both
committee sessions, make an effort to speak
at least three times in the third session.
Debate
Ask yourself:
Am I expressing my delegations priorities
in debate? Is the rest of the committee
proceeding the way my delegation would
want it to? Am I arguing effectively for my
clauses/points?
If not, write down two or three arguments
that you should make in debate that will
help convince other delegates to pass your
clauses, join your side, and make committee
run your way.
Writing
When you submit a clause to the chair, listen
carefully to their feedback. Writing clauses
is a difficult skill that requires one to follow
certain guidelines. Your goal should be that
clauses you submit later in session require
fewer edits than clauses you submit earlier!
Understanding
content
Make sure that you are attentive in
committee and listen to all sides of
argument, allowing you to understand the
many different sides to the one topic under
discussion. After the conference, do you feel
like you could easily explain all the nuances
of your topic to a third party?
Engagement
Make concrete goals for yourself
throughout committee, for example, “help
form at least one coalition”. Or perhaps
“help one other delegate develop an idea
for a clause.” Pick goals that are bold but
achievable relative to your own level of
experience.
Eujin: “A good delegate effectively
communicates their points to others and
keenly perceives the flow of committee
to get work done cooperatively and
diplomatically.”
Victoria: “A good delegate is one that is
enthusiastic to participate and interact
with others in the committee!”
Kushal: “A good delegate leaves his/her
peers and chairs confident in the future
of diplomacy and world affairs.”
21
AWARDS CRITERIA
SKILL
SCORE OF 1
SCORE OF 2
SCORE OF 3
Speaking
The delegate rarely
speaks, or when they do,
fails to make relevant,
concise, and illuminating
points.
The delegate occasionally
speaks, making coherent
points that may have
errors or flaws.
The delegate often speaks,
making relevant, concise,
and illuminating points,
without dominating over
others.
Writing
The delegate rarely
participated in the writing
of clauses and resolutions,
and did not demonstrate
a strong command of the
content of committee.
The delegate
participating in the writing
of clauses and resolutions,
demonstrating adequate
knowledge of the topic’s
content.
The delegate helped lead
the creation of clauses and
resolutions, demonstrating
vast knowledge of the
topic’s content.
Participation
The delegate did not
often participate in the
committee, or served as
a negative influence via
disruption or rudeness.
The delegate was a useful
member of committee,
active in unmoderated
caucus, and did not leave
a negative impression on
the committee.
The delegate was a superb
influence on committee,
helping unite the
committee, progress the
debate, and create positive
outcomes.
BEST PRACTICES
Check out a few excellent practices for each of the below skills, all of which are essential for succeeding in an MUN
conference.
Public Speaking:
1. Prepare public speeches in advance with a bulleted outline of the major points you are going to make
2. Speak concisely and clearly, maintaining eye contact with the audience, and moving neither too fast nor too slow
3. Demonstrate in your speech the stakes--the “Why” question. Why does this issue matter? Why is action essential?
And how can you help make this all happen?
Debate and Impromptu Speaking:
1. Write a brief note that contains the point you want to make in debate
2. Keep the point concise and specific, confining yourself to only the sub-topic currently under discussion
3. If you are arguing against a fellow delegate’s point, be respectful and calm while arguing only against the content
of their speech--do not use personal attacks
Points of Information: Points of Information should only be used to clarify a part of another delegate’s argument,
or bring to light a point or question that they did not answer in their speech. They should not be used to make novel
arguments only indirectly related to what was previously stated.
Clause Writing:
1. In your clause, offer a precise but comprehensive solution to one issue or sub-topic of debate
2. Answer the following questions in a single clause:
• What is the action this clause takes?
• Who takes it?
• When do they take it? What is the timeline?
• How is this action made possible? Does it require funding? IF so, from where?
• How does this action alleviate the sub-topic or problem at hand?
3. You must include ‘d’--implementation mechanisms for your clause. However, you need not be overly specific. For
example, saying that “Relevant NGOs” will provide research or funding on an issue is okay, but naming a specific
one is better (though very difficult!)
Amendments:
22
Cooperation and Debate:
1. Get to know the other delegates so you can learn who you
want to work with, and begin to bounce ideas off of other
people. Also meeting people from all around Korea and the
whole world is fun!
2. Form coalitions to work on resolution papers, firstly
identifying the primary subtopics you want to address, and
then developing an efficient game plan that divides up work
among the members of the coalition
3. Work together! Communicate often, including with the other
coalitions in your committee.
Approaching Your Country:
RESOLUTION GUIDE: AN EXAMPLE
Topic: Technological development
Preambulatory Clause:
1. Do careful research about your country so you are prepared
to represent their priorities and values
2. Write clauses and work with fellow delegates that are aligned
with your country’s priorities and values
3. Work for both the good of committee and the good of your
assigned country--you should be invested in creating a
successful resolution, but ideally a successful resolution that
has a maximum positive benefit on your own country
Notes: Italicize
the preambulatory
phrase ending
with “-ing”. This
preambulatory clause
recognizes a key
problem behind the
topic, giving a reason
for action.
Notes: Underline
the operative phrase,
in the present tense.
These clauses cite
two specific actions
that the committee
might take to address
the topic. Observe
how clause #2 cites
an implementation
mechanism--U.N.
approved bodies
and local grassroot
organizations will
manage the “how” of
the clause.
Keeping in mind the growing gap in
technology between developed and lesserdeveloped member states around the
world,
Operative Clauses:
1. Encourages relevant United Nations
agencies such as the Commission
on Science and Technology for
Development (CSTD) to further
collaborate
with
developing
countries to enhance technology
research and development,
2. Recommends the construction of
regional technology educational
centers staffed by both United
Nations approved bodies and local
grassroot organizations to:
a. educate citizens on how to use
technology such as the Internet
in their daily lives
b. spread awareness of available
technology resources and
applications
c. expand the demographic base of
technology users.
23
CHAPTER 5:
POSITION PAPERS AND
INTERSECTIONAL COMMITTEES
POSITION PAPERS
In order to be eligible for committee
awards, and in order to successfully complete
the online Delegate Training program, all
delegates must write a position paper. A
position paper is a 1-2 page essay that
demonstrates your understanding of your
assigned country and the topics at hand.
By writing a position paper you will gain a
thorough understand of your own country’s
positions, and furthermore demonstrate that
you read the topic guide, and are familiar with
the content of committee. Reading the topic
guide and writing a position paper are two of
the most important ways to be prepared for a
MUN conference.
With all the research involved in a
position paper, make sure that you include a
bibliography at the end of the paper, citing all
the sources you used in MLA style (check out
the MLA Formatting Guideline at https://owl.
english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/01/
or use a service like Easybib.com to cite your
sources correctly for you).
Make sure to write with a clear and formal
style. Use a topic sentence at the beginning
of each paragraph to keep a sharp focus.
Remember that a position paper for each topic
should be no more than two double-spaced
pages long.
Your position papers (one for each topic)
are due by May 7 to your chair’s email (found
on our website). Failure to submit a position
paper will result in a disqualification for
committee awards.
24
IMPORTANT ELEMENTS OF A POSITION PAPER
What is the problem?
You must identify the problem in each of the topics. What are
its stakes? Who are the various groups (peoples, countries) that are
affected? Why does it matter? And what, if anything, is currently
being done about it?
Identify the topics by thoroughly reading the chair’s topic
guide. The topic guide will have all the information you need in
order to define the problems. Make sure to restate the problem in
your own words, however. Simply copying and pasting the topic
guide or a page from the internet is plagiarism, which will not be
tolerated.
How does the problem affect your country?
Make sure to also identify why your country cares about this
issue--why they are coming to the conference to help solve it.
By answering this question you will synthesize information
from the topic guide and your own independent research. You will
need to search for information regarding your assigned country’s
role in the topics, if it is not discussed in the topic guide. Make sure
that you cite your sources.
What is your country’s bloc position?
How does your country line up with others about this issue?
Typically the topic guide will lay out different blocs, but also be
sure to do your own independent research.
Refer to the “Bloc Positions” section of the topic guide to answer
this question. Be aware that information about every country may
not necessarily be in the topic guide however, in which case you
will need to refer to outside research. In any case, a thorough
understanding of your country’s position is best discovered
through additional research--especially via direct statements from
the government of your assigned country.
How can the problem be solved?
What does your country want to do to solve the problem?
What has been attempted before, and did it work?
While the topic guide may provide information about this
answer, this is where additional research will come the most in
handy. Do additional research to come up with solutions--but
remember again that you must cite your sources.
INTERSECTIONAL COMMITTEES
Please read the following statement that was released to all Chairs
and Vice-Chairs for Yale MUN Korea 2017:
All Chairs are strongly encouraged to discuss the following angles
with regards to their topic, regardless of what the topic is, both in the
topic guide and in committee session with delegates:
• The role of gender and sexuality, and problems specific to
women, genderqueer, and LGBTQ individuals
• The role of race and problems specific to underrepresented
ethnic/racial minorities in the countries discussed
• How the topic intersects with economic problems and the
impoverished, uneducated, or illiterate
• How the topic intersects with the destruction and preservation
of the environment
While chairs are by no means required to discuss all or any of these
angles, we believe that considering these angles will help educate
delegates and provide for a more enriching committee experience.
Intersectional committees is a brand-new initiative for Yale MUN
Korea 2017, aiming to bring topics to the surface that are sometimes
swept under the rug, including gender-inequality, the targeting of ethnic
minorities around the world, and the persistence of environmental
destruction.
Every topic discussed during committee already has far-reaching
consequences on people all around the world. You’ll already talk about
a lot of the issues in the course of debate, because these issues are not
so much ignored as essential to discuss in every committee session.
The purpose of Intersectional Committees is to make sure that we
identify who our society has historically disadvantaged, and to work
towards correcting that by making extra effort to consider how all of
these issues--gender and racial inequality, environmental destruction-are integrated into the topics of debate.
The concept of intersectional committees comes from
“Intersectionality” as discussed in Women’s and Gender Studies, or
Ethnic Studies. Intersectionality is defined as “the interconnected
nature of social categorizations such as race, class, and gender as they
apply to a given individual or group, regarded as creating overlapping
and interdependent systems of discrimination or disadvantage.”
25
We’re bringing this discussion to our committees in Yale MUN Korea 2017. Please refer to the below chart for a
discussion of each of the four issues:
INTERSECTIONAL COMMITTEES
Gender and
Sexuality
HISTORY
TODAY
Women:
• Throughout most of
history, women were
disadvantaged in
nearly every society
when compared to
men
• 1700’s industrialization
brought about
a “housewife”
stereotype for women,
severely limiting
their economic
opportunities and
social roles for the
next centuries
• Early 20th century first wave of feminism
rose with suffragettes
vying for voting rights
• 1940’s: The World
Wars forced lots of
women to enter the
working force to cover
the absence of men
Women:
• Women still face
disadvantages
compared to men ex) in politics, there
are significantly
less women; in the
workplace, women
receive lower wages
• 2010 - UN Women
was established to
focus on gender
equality and women’s
empowerment
• Other key issues
include ending
violence towards
women and
preventing HIV/AIDS
LGBTQ:
• Throughout most
of history, LGBTQ
individuals were
declared sinful
by governments
and religion, even
punishable by death
• Early 1900’s - various
human rights groups
rise, LGBTQ begins to
appear in film, media,
and literature
• 1969 - Stonewall riots,
a series of violent
demonstration by
LGBTQ individuals in
response to a police
raid of Stonewall Inn,
occur in NYC
LGBTQ:
• 2011 - UNHCR
passes first resolution
recognizing LGBTQ
rights
• 2015 - Gay marriage
is legalized in all 50
states of the USA
• Many countries
outside of Western
Europe and the
Americas have not
implemented laws to
protect LGBTQ rights
• Some key issues
include hate crimes,
criminalization of
homosexuality,
discrimination
http://www.
out.com/newsopinion/2016/11/09/5ways-trump-presidencycould-affect-lgbt-rights
26
INTEGRATION INTO DEBATE
Several of this year’s Yale MUN
Korea committees and topics
directly address issues related to
gender and sexuality
• UN Women
• UNSC: Mistreatment of
Women and LGBT Individuals
• UNHRC
When debating topics and crafting
resolutions, consider whether they
can be applicable to people of all
genders and sexualities
http://iyms.info/iyms/?page_id=216
INTERSECTIONAL COMMITTEES
HISTORY
Race and Ethnic
Minorities
•
•
•
The Transatlantic Slave
Trade would become
the impetus for
century long struggles
for racial equality in
the Americas
Conflict between
different ethnic
groups led to
disasters such as the
Rwandan genocide
and the Bosnian
genocide in just the
last few decades
Countries like South
Africa have dark
histories of the
Apartheid
TODAY
•
•
•
•
The “Black Lives
Matter” movement
and recent police
brutality in America
Disagreement over
immigration and
refugee policies all
over the world
Anti-Muslim
sentiments linked
with the fight against
terrorism
Ethnic minorities
in Russia vying for
autonomous states
INTEGRATION INTO DEBATE
Several of this year’s Yale MUN
Korea committees and topics
directly address issues related to
race and ethnic minorities
• SOCHUM
• UNSC: Populism Politics
• UNHRC: The Right to Freedom
and Religion or Belief and
Protection of Religious
Minorities
• LEGAL
• HSC: The Congo Crisis
When debating topics and crafting
resolutions, consider whether they
can be applicable to people of all
races, especially those of ethnic
minorities
Consider the possible differences
in beliefs and ideology across
different cultures
The Impoverished
and Illiterate
•
•
Throughout most of
history, education was
exclusively limited to
the privileged and
male population
Large income gaps
and poverty have
also always existed
in every society,
especially in conflictstricken regions or
nations that suffered
colonial/imperialist
histories
•
•
•
•
Since 1990, the
extreme poverty rate
has been cut by more
than half; however,
1 in 5 people in
developing nations
still live on less than
$1.25 per day
Poverty is most
pervasive in Southern
Asia and sub-Saharan
Africa
According to the
UN, 17% of the adult
population is illiterate;
2/3 of these illiterate
adults are women
Illiteracy among
children is also a
problem as children
who don’t receive
basic education face
significantly more
challenges in their
lives
Several of this year’s Yale MUN
Korea committees and topics
directly address issues related to
the impoverished and illiterate
• SOCHUM: Improving the living
conditions in refugee camps
• UN Women
• UNHRC: Eliminating
Malnutrition and Hunger
When debating topics and drafting
resolutions, consider whether
they can be applicable to people
of various wealth and education
levels
Consider the difference in
capabilities of more-developed
and less-developed nations to
implement solutions
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African-American_Civil_Rights_Movement_(1954%E2%80%931968)
27
INTERSECTIONAL COMMITTEES
HISTORY
The Environment
•
•
Ever since the
Industrial Revolution,
society has been
harming the
environment at
groundbreaking rates
Some international
agreements such as
the Kyoto Protocol
have been widely
accepted
http://studopedia.info/4-82464.html
28
TODAY
•
•
The environment is
arguably the single
greatest challenge
our generation faces
Pollution (air/soil/
water), global
climate change,
overpopulation,
natural resource
depletion, waste
disposal, extinction of
wildlife, deforestation,
melting of icebergs,
ozone layer depletion,
acid rain, water
shortage, genetic
engineering, etc.
are just some of the
environmental issues
that demand attention
everywhere on Earth
INTEGRATION INTO DEBATE
Several of this year’s Yale MUN
Korea committees and topics
directly address issues related to
the environment
• ASC: Energy Sources in Asia
When debating topics and drafting
resolutions, consider whether the
solution at hand is environmentally
sustainable in the long run
REVIEW AND CONCLUSION:
YALE MUN KOREA 2017 CHEAT SHEET
•
Mission of Yale MUN Korea: Our world is more connected than it has ever been. Economic, political, cultural, and
technological ties have brought people of different countries, cultures, and identities together. At Yale MUN Korea,
we strive to give students from around the world the chance to connect and solve the most pressing international
issues in collaboration. We achieve this mission through our educational program for delegates, vice-chairs, and
chairs. By preparing ourselves to understanding procedure, content, and more importantly, to bring ourselves in a
mindset of collaboration and connection, we will forge lasting ties and grow towards even greater connectivity.
•
Purpose of Committee: The technical purpose of committee is to create resolutions that solve the topics at hand.
But beyond that, committee will enable us to discuss important international issues, discover intersectionality and
defeat oppression, and connect with one another as students and friends.
•
Committee Structure: The chair’s introduction will be followed by the structure for Topic 1. Procedure involves
opening speeches, then moderated and unmoderated caucuses until resolutions are complete and time has
elapsed. Then committee will formally debate the resolutions on the table and vote on them. Once resolutions are
voted on, procedure repeats for the second topic.
•
•
•
•
•
Moderated Caucus: Debate, under the moderation of the chair, about various subtopics within each topic.
Here delegates can form blocs, explore solutions, debate topic specifics, and move the committee as a whole
closer to being able to write and vote on resolutions.
Unmoderated Caucus: Informal debate without the chair’s moderation. In the beginning of the conference,
it is an opportunity for delegates to meet one another and learn their positions. As committee goes on, it will
turn into the primary time for writing the clauses and resolutions that will eventually be voted on in formal
debate.
Resolutions and Clauses: A resolution is a comprehensive solution to a topic. Within it, there will be
preambulatory clause and clauses. Each clauses offers a concrete, specific solution to a part of the larger
problem.
Clause Components: What is the action? Who completes it? What is the timeline? What are the
implementation mechanisms? How does this clause solve a problem at hand?
Formal Debate: Delegates will present the resolutions they have written, with time for speakers for and
against the resolution. Delegates may ask points of information, or content questions, to the presenters.
Delegates may also submit amendments to the resolution or clauses within it. After time for debate has
elapsed, committee votes on the resolution.
Thank you for your interest and enthusiasm about Yale MUN Korea 2017.
If you have successfully made it through the entire textbook, and completed the online training
program and all the associated assignments, you are thoroughly prepared for our conference come
May 19th. We could not be more excited to see you then.
Warmly,
Yoojin Han
Secretary General
Eric Margolis
Director General of Committees
Eujin Jang
Undersecretary General of Committees
29