Theory of Knowledge Vocabulary List:
Know what these terms mean as they
relate to the particular areas of ToK and be
able to use them in your essay and
presentation—You will get a better score.
P.S. All of these can be found in
your Lagemann text
Problem of Knowledge
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Argument adignorantiam
Certainty coherence
Common sense
Confirmation bias
Evidence
Gullibility
Judgment
Mental map
Open-mindedness
Paradox of cartography
Paranormal phenomena
Relativism (know the dangers of and the
strengths of)
13. Skepticism (what are the concerns associated
with it)
14. Ways of knowing (what are they?)
The Nature of Knowledge
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
Authority worship
Context
Culture
Expert opinion
Indoctrination
Information
Justified true belief
Knowledge by authority
News media
Primary knowledge
Second-hand knowledge
Sufficient condition
Thick concept
Urban legend
Ways of Knowing: Language
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
Ambituity
Back translation
Body language
Classification
Communication
Connotation
Denotation
Emotive meaning
Euphemism
Grammar
Idiom
Irony
Linguistic determinism
Metaphor
Sapir-Worf hypothesis
Stereotype
Weasel words
Ways of Knowing: Perception
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Common-sense realism
Empiricism
Figure and ground
Phenomenalism
Scientific realism
Sensation
Visual agnosia
Visual grouping
Ways of Knowing: Reason
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Adhominem
Argument ad ignorantiam
Betting the question
Belief bias
Binary thinking
Circular reasoning
Confirmation bias
Contradiction
Deduction
Double standards
Enthymeme
Equivocation
Fallacy
False analogy
False dilemma
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
Hasty generalizations
Induction/inductive inference
Infinite regress
Lateral thinking
Laws of thought
Loaded questions
Post hoc ergo propter hoc
Premise
Prison of consistency quantifier
Rationalization
Rhetoric
Special pleading
Syllogism
Validity
Venn diagram
Vested interest
Vicious circle
Ways of Knowing: Emotion
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Apathy
Debutting intuition
Emotional coloring
Emotive language
Empathy intuitions
James-Lange theory
Primary emotions
Rational fool
Romanticism
Social emotion
Stoicism
Also know:
1. Four kinds of proposition
a. Analytic statements
b. Empirical statements
c. Value-judgments
d. Metaphysical statements
2. Paradigms as knowledge filters
Areas of Knowledge: Mathematics
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Analytic
A posteriori
A priori
Axioms
Conjecture
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Deduction
Empiricism
Euclidean geometry
Formal system
Formalism
Godel’s incompleteness theorem
Goldbach’s conjecture
Idealization
Platonism
Synthetic
Theorem
Areas of Knowledge: Natural Sciences
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
Anomaly
Conjectures and refutations
Controlled experiment
Empirical
Empiricist
Falsification
Hypothesis
Law
Logical positivism
Paradigm
Physics envy
Principle of simplicity
Pseudo-science
Rationalist
Relativism
Science worship
Scientism
Areas of Knowledge: Human Sciences
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Bear market
Behaviorism
Bias
Bull market
Free-will/determinism
Going native
Holism
Human free-will
Law of large numbers
Loaded questions
Mirror test
Nature-nurture debate
Observer effect
Phillips curve
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
Post hoc ergo propter hoc fallacy
Reactance
Reductionism
Reductive fallacy
Stream of consciousness
Trends and laws
Verstehen position
Areas of Knowledge: History
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Bias
Cubist history
Economic determinism
Empathy
Great person theory of history
Hindsight bias
Primary source
Secondary source
Self-realizing expectations
Areas of Knowledge: The Arts
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Aesthetics
Avant-garde
Beauty
Canon
Catharsis
Disinterested
Expert opinion
Forgeries
Form versus content
Kitsch
Mimesis
Areas of Knowledge: Ethics
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Altruism
Cultural imperialism
Duty ethics
Egoism
Golden rule
Moral absolutism
Moral principle
Moral relativism
Other-regarding desires
Relativism
Rights
Rule worship
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
Self-interest theory
Self-regarding desires
Special pleading
Utilitarianism
Value-judgment
Veil of ignorance
Concluding Chapter: Truth and Wisdom
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
Correspondence theory
Coherence theory
Pragmatic theory
Dangers of Relativism
Dangers of Dogmatism
Wisdom
Good judgment
Breadth of vision
Self-knowledge
Responsibility
Intellectual humility
Circular reasoning
Communal reinforcement
Cubist theory of truth
Defense mechanisms
Intellectuals virtues
Learned ignorance
Rationalization
Selective attention