Compare & Contrast; Anti-infectives
Classification
Antibiotics
-cillins
Antibiotics
cephalosporin
Examples
penicillin G
benzathine
penicillin G
potassium
penicillin G
procaine
penicillin V
amoxicillin
ampicillin
cefdinir
cefpodoxime
ceftazidime
ceftibuten
ceftizoxime
ceftriaxone
MOA
inhibit protein
synthesis in
susceptible
strains of
gram-negative
bacteria.
Interfering
with the
ability of
susceptible
bacteria to
build their cell
walls when
they are
dividing
interfere with
the cell wall–
building ability
of bacteria
when they
divide; that is,
they prevent
the bacteria
from
biosynthesizin
g the
framework of
Name: Jennifer Newcomb
Side Effects
nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea, abdominal
pain, glossitis,
stomatitis, gastritis,
sore mouth, and
furry tongue
Adverse Effects
nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea, abdominal
pain, glossitis,
stomatitis, gastritis,
sore mouth, and furry
tongue
Client Edu
Take safety precautions,
such as changing position
slowly and avoiding
driving and hazardous
tasks, if CNS effects
occur.
Unique
The penicillins are one of
the oldest classes of
antibiotics, and many
resistant strains have
developed.
Try to drink a lot of fluids
and to maintain nutrition
(very important) even
though nausea, vomiting,
and diarrhea may occur.
Avoid exposure to other
infections (e.g., avoid
crowded areas and
people with known
infectious diseases).
nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea, anorexia,
abdominal pain, and
flatulence.
Pseudomembranous
colitis
headache, dizziness,
lethargy, and
paresthesias
superinfections,
which occur
frequently because
nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea, anorexia,
abdominal pain, and
flatulence.
Pseudomembranous
colitis
headache, dizziness,
lethargy, and
paresthesias
superinfections, which
occur frequently
because of the death
Report difficulty
breathing, severe
headache, loss of hearing
or ringing in the ears, or
changes in urine output.
• Take safety
precautions, including
changing position slowly
and avoiding driving and
hazardous tasks, if CNS
effects occur.
• Try to drink a lot of
fluids and to maintain
nutrition (very
important) even though
Over time, four generations
of cephalosporins have been
introduced, each group with
its own spectrum of activity
Compare & Contrast; Anti-infectives
their cell
walls.
Name: Jennifer Newcomb
of the death of
protective bacteria of
the normal flora
of protective bacteria
of the normal flora
nausea, vomiting, and
diarrhea may occur.
• Report difficulty
breathing, severe
headache, severe
diarrhea, dizziness, or
weakness.
Antibiotics
-micins
-mycins
clindamycin
fidaxomicin
lincomycin
azithromycin
clarithromycin
erythromycin
block protein
synthesis
within
susceptible
bacteria,
leading to cell
death, which
makes them
structurally
related to the
macrolide
antibiotics
nausea, vomiting,
taste alterations, and
the potential for
pseudomembranous
colitis.
Superinfections are
common, related to
the loss of normal
flora bacteria.
Serious
hypersensitivity
reactions, including
anaphylaxis, have
occurred.
nausea, vomiting,
taste alterations, and
the potential for
pseudomembranous
colitis. Superinfections
are common, related
to the loss of normal
flora bacteria. Serious
hypersensitivity
reactions, including
anaphylaxis, have
occurred.
• Avoid consuming
alcoholic beverages while
receiving cephalosporins
and for at least 72 hours
after completing the drug
course because serious
side effects could occur.
• Take safety
precautions, including
changing position slowly
and avoiding driving and
hazardous tasks, if CNS
effects occur.
• Try to drink a lot of
fluids and to maintain
nutrition (very
important) even though
nausea, vomiting, and
diarrhea may occur.
• Report difficulty
breathing, severe
headache, severe
diarrhea, severe skin
rash, and mouth or
vaginal sores.
Lincosamides are similar to
macrolides but are more
toxic. They are used to treat
severe infections.
Compare & Contrast; Anti-infectives
Antivirals
Acyclovir
Rimantadine
nevirapine
Fluconazole
clotrimazole
Antifungals
competing
with viral
substrates to
form shorter,
noneffective
DNA
chains.This
action
prevents
replication of
the virus, but
it has little
effect on the
host cells of
humans
because
human cell
DNA uses
different
substrates
bind to sterols
and can cause
cell death (a
fungicidal
effect) or
interfere with
cell replication
(a fungistatic
effect),
depending on
the type of
fungus being
affected and
the
concentration
of the drug
Name: Jennifer Newcomb
nausea and vomiting,
headache,
depression,
paresthesias,
neuropathy, rash,
and hair loss Rash,
inflammation, and
burning often occur
at sites of IV injection
and topical
application. Renal
dysfunction and renal
failure also have
been reported.
nausea and vomiting,
headache, depression,
paresthesias,
neuropathy, rash, and
hair loss Rash,
inflammation, and
burning often occur at
sites of IV injection
and topical
application. Renal
dysfunction and renal
failure also have been
reported.
• Avoid sexual
intercourse if genital
herpes is being treated
because these drugs do
not cure the disease.
Anidulafungin and
caspofungin are
associated with
hepatic toxicity, and
liver function should
be monitored closely
when using these
drugs. Potentially
serious
hypersensitivity
reactions have
occurred with
micafungin. In
addition, bone
marrow suppression
can occur; monitor
patients closely.
Many of the azoles
are associated with
liver toxicity and can
cause severe effects
on a fetus or a nursing
baby.
• Follow the appropriate
dosage regimen.
Drugs that interfere with
viral DNA replication are
used to treat herpes
infections and CMV
infections.
• Wear protective gloves
when applying topical
agents.
• Avoid driving and
hazardous tasks if
dizziness or drowsiness
occurs.
• Take safety
precautions, including
changing position slowly
and avoiding driving and
hazardous tasks, if CNS
effects occur.
• Take an oral drug with
meals and try small,
frequent meals if GI
upset is a problem.
• Report to a health care
provider any of the
Fungi differ from bacteria in
that a fungus has a rigid cell
wall that is made up of
chitin and various
polysaccharides and a cell
membrane that contains
ergosterol.
Compare & Contrast; Anti-infectives
Name: Jennifer Newcomb
following: Sore throat,
unusual bruising and
bleeding, or yellowing of
the eyes or skin, all of
which could indicate
hepatic toxicity; or
severe nausea and
vomiting, which could
interfere with nutritional
state and slow recovery.