Unit 2 - Biomolecules Monomer vs. Polymer Monomer vs. Polymer Monomer vs. Polymer Carbohydrates • Elements: C, H, O • Monomer: monosaccharides • Polymer: polysaccharides Glucose Polysaccharides Carbohydrates • Function: – Energy storage – Identification on surface Glucose of cell membrane Phospholipid Lipids • Elements: C, H, some O • Subunits: glycerol + fatty acids Phospholipid Lipids • Function: – Long term energy storage – Main part of cell membrane • hydrophobic Proteins • Elements: C, H, O, N • Monomer: amino acids • Polymer: polypeptide (protein) Proteins • Function: – Make reactions and cell processes happen – Build bones and muscle – fight disease Nucleic Acids Pyrimidines (DNA) • Elements: C, H, O, N, P • Monomer: nucleotides • Polymer: DNA or RNA Nucleotides Purines (DNA) Nucleic Acid Nucleotides are made of 3 parts: • Phosphate group • Pentose (5 carbon) sugar • Nitrogenous base Nucleic Acids Pyrimidines (DNA) • Function: • 1. Carry genetic info Nucleotides Purines (DNA) Macromolecules include Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic acids Proteins that consist of that consist of that consist of that consist of Monosaccharides Glycerol and Fatty Acids Nucleotides Amino Acids which contain which contain which contain which contain Carbon, hydrogen,oxygen, nitrogen Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen Carbon,hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus Sugars and starches Fats and oils DNA and RNA Collagen, Keratin Cell Membrane Structure Extra cellular Fluid Cytoplasm Cell Membrane Structure Proteins Add stability and some have carbohydrates attached Cell Membrane Structure Carbohydrates Act as chemical ID tags Cell Membrane Structure Protein channel Allow larger or charged molecules to pass through the membrane by facilitated diffusion. Cell Membrane Structure Phospholipids Flexible, yet strong barrier of the cell; is semipermeable. Cell Membrane Structure Hydrophilic head Hydrophobic tail Macromolecule reteach Explain which biomolecule is represented… There may be more than one… Contains Carbon Carbohydrate Protein Lipid Nucleic Acid Contains Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus Nucleic Acid Contains Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen Carbohydrate Protein Lipid Nucleic Acid Contains Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen, Nitrogen Protein Nucleic Acid The main part of the cell membrane (yellow in the diagram) Lipid The passageways through the cell membrane (pink in the diagram) Protein The “identification tags” the cell membrane (blue in the diagram) Carbohydrate A long string of Amino Acids Protein • Function is to make up the cell membrane that won’t dissolve in water • Lipids A polysaccharide Carbohydrate Monosaccharide DNA Nucleic Acid • Function is to carry genetic information • Nucleic acids Large, complex folding chain of amino acids Protein Amino acids • Function is for energy storage and usage • Lipid and Carbohydrate A dissaccharide Carbohydrate Monosaccharide Monomer: nucleotide Nucleotide Key Adenine (A) Thymine (T) Cytosine (C) Guanine (G) • Nucleic Acid • Function is to build bones and muscle • Proteins Phospholipids Lipid Hemoglobin transports oxygen in our blood. Protein • Function is to control cell functions • Protein
