History Mid-Term Review
Chapter 2
1. The most significant economic trend around 1900 was
a. the rise of Western industry based on worldwide resources and
markets
2. According to Karl Marx, what factor(s) comprise a society’s basic foundation
or structure?
c. productive forces and economic relationships
3. The Fashoda Crisis was an example of
b. imperialist rivalry
4. In the military buildup at the turn of the century, the nation that strove to
create both the world’s largest army and navy was
a. Germany
b. Great Britain
c. Russia
d. the United States
5. In the Western world during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries
a. conservatism had been losing ground to liberalism
b. socialism was challenging conservatism and liberalism
c. anarchism and syndicalism had appeared
d. all of the above
6. Much of the world, especially Europe and the United States, experienced a
marked population increase due to which one of the following?
a. shorter and less frequent warfare
b. improved living conditions in urban centers
c. better and more varied diet
d. improved health care and control of diseases
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Chapter 3:
1. The laissez-faire system as practiced by most European governments meant
that governments
a. constantly interfered with business
b. gave federal subsidies to business
c. kept a “hands off” policy toward business
d. sought to nationalize business
2. Great Britain was characterized by a
a. multi-party system
b. a generally liberal, two-party system
c. a dictatorship
d. an authoritarian monarchy
3. The British Empire included such far-flung territories as
a. Gibraltar, Morocco, Singapore, and Australia
b. Gibraltar, Suez, India, and Vietnam
c. Gibraltar, Suez, Persia, and Brazil
d. Gibraltar, India, Suez
4. The famed Dreyfus case in France resulted in
a. a victory for the socialists and the eventual pardon of Dreyfus
b. the lifetime imprisonment of Dreyfus
c. the continuation of the conservative government
d. the advent of a military dictatorship
5. The Triple Entente included
a. Germany, Italy, and Russia
b. France, Great Britain and Russia
c. France, Russia, and Italy
d. France, Russia, and Austria-Hungary
6. The Triple Alliance included
a. Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
b. Germany-Austria-Hungary, and Serbia
c. Austria-Hungary, Italy, and Russia
d. Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Great Britain
7. The women’s movement in Europe prior to 1914
a. secured full voting rights for all women
b. existed only in Germany
c. used strikers and demonstrations but failed to secure the vote
d. used strikers and demonstrations and secured the vote only in western
European nations
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8. Russia was
a. a small democratic industrialized nation
b. a huge autocratic empire consisting of many different ethnic groups
and a majority of peasants
c. a highly literate industrial nation under a constitutional monarchy
d. an absolute monarchy with a vast overseas empire
Chapter 4
1. Britain’s interest in Egypt stemmed from a desire to
a. control the Suez Canal
b. harness the river Nile
c. partition the Ottoman Empire
d. a and b
2. Boers resented British rule because Great Britain
a. emancipated women
b. confiscated Boer property
c. encouraged Arab immigration
d. emancipated Boers’ African slaves
3. By 1914, the only independent states in Africa were
a. Liberia and Ethiopia
b. North Rhodesia and Namibia
c. Egypt and Sudan
d. Kenya and Uganda
4. The foremost British Empire builder in Africa was
a. David Livingstone
b. Paul Kruger
c. Winston Churchill
d. Cecil Rhodes
5. The Boer War was
a. an Anglo-French war to control Boers
b. between Great Britain and the two Boer republics
c. between the two Boer republics
d. between the Boers and the Zulus
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Chapter 5
1. As a result of the Spanish-Cuban-American War, the United States
a. made no territorial gains
b. acquired the Panama Canal Zone
c. acquired Puerto Rico
d. colonized Cuba
2. The American Federation of Labor and the Industrial Workers of the World
are examples of
a. labor unions
b. political parties
c. cultural societies
d. industrial cartels
3. After 1900 U.S. policy toward Canada was primarily to
a. dominate it economically in competition with Great Britain
b. populate it with Americans and eventually annex it
c. provoke a war with Great Britain and conquer it
d. provoke its separation from Great Britain and dominate it
4. Social problems in the United States in the early 1900s included all of the
following except
a. a hereditary caste system
b. massive immigration
c. poor working and living conditions for labor
d. persecution of racial minorities
5. All of the following techniques were used by the United States to pursue its
interests in the Caribbean except
a. establishing long-term military occupation
b. employing dollar diplomacy to control a nation’s economy
c. giving military aid or forming military alliance
d. enforcing the Roosevelt Doctrine
6. The United States acquired the Panama Canal Zone by
a. declaring war on and defeating Colombia
b. supporting revolution in Panama
c. purchasing it from Colombia
d. none of the above
7. The Roosevelt Corollary
a. had little effect in the Caribbean
b. led to conflicts with European nations
c. spread democracy in the Caribbean
d. resulted in U.S. military presence in many Caribbean nations
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Chapter 6
1. By 1914 Australia and New Zealand had become
a. self-governing dominions in the British Empire
b. independent states
c. one nation after confederation
d. absorbed by the United States
2. Though nominally independent they were in fact semi-colonies in 1900:
a. China and Japan
b. China and Siam
c. China and India
d. India and Burma
3. The Morley-Minto Reforms of 1909 gave India
a. women’s suffrage
b. the election of governors
c. responsible government
d. limited suffrage in electing advisory councils
4. The French Empire in Asia consisted of
a. Malaya, Singapore, Burma
b. Burma, Thailand
c. Java, Borneo
d. Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos
5. Japanese industries were characterized by
a. antitrust legislation
b. strong unions and many strikes
c. paternalistic employment system
d. cheap labor from the colonies
6. The term “Sick Man of Europe” referred to
a. Russian Empire
b. Persia
c. Ottoman Empire
d. Serbia
7. The United States acquired Hawaii and the Philippines to do the following
a. Attract Asian immigrants
b. Settle freed slaves
c. Acquire raw materials and naval bases
d. Enforce the Open Door on China
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Chapter 7
1. The assassin of the Austrian heir was from
a. Serbia but of Bosnian nationality
b. Bosnia but of Serbian nationality
c. Herzegovina but of Serbian nationality
d. Vienna but of Serbian nationality
2. Which country in 1904 signed an understanding with France over spheres of
influence including Morocco?
a. Great Britain
b. Russia
c. Germany
d. Italy
4. The French encouraged Russian mobilization in July of 1914 because
a. the French hoped to invade Germany
b. there would be less likelihood that Germany could swiftly defeat
France
c. Germany had mobilized against Russia
d. Germany had mobilized against France
5. Austria issued an ultimatum to Serbia in 1914 after being assured
a. that Russia would not become involved in the crisis
b. of German support
c. of French neutrality
d. of Serbia’s willingness to comply
6. In regard to declarations of war in August 1914
a. Germany declared war on Russia
b. Germany declared war on France
c. Great Britain declared war on Germany
d. all of the above
7. The immediate reason for the British declaration of war in 1914 was
a. the German threat to the British Empire
b. Britain’s desire to acquire German colonies in Africa
c. Britain’s treaty commitments to France
d. Germany’s violation of Belgian neutrality
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Chapter 8
1. In Germany's fight against Great Britain in WWI, which one of the following
weapons did Germany most rely on
a. U-boats
b. airplanes
c. tanks
d. poison gas
2. The main fronts in World War I were in
a. France and Russia
b. Germany and Austria
c. Italy and Greece
d. Africa and Asia
3. The nations that conquered the German Empire in Africa and Asia were
a. Great Britain, France, and Russia
b. Great Britain, France, and China
c. Great Britain, Japan, and the United States
d. Great Britain, France, and Japan
4. After a period of indecision in WWI, the Italian government
a. entered the war on the side of Germany
b. entered the war on the side of the Allied Powers
c. remained neutral throughout the war
d. collapsed as a result of Marxist revolution
5. The contending armies made little progress against each other throughout
most of the war because
a. the troops were unwilling to fight
b. modern fortifications and weapons gave the defense an advantage
over the offense
c. the troops usually lacked military supplies
d. the generals did not wish to lose many men
6. Two of the bloodiest battles during World War I occurred in 1916 at
a. Verdun and the Somme
b. Gallipoli and Tannenberg
c. Paris and the Marne
d. Schlieffen and Masurian Lakes
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7. The United States entered the war because it
a. had to honor alliance commitments
b. desired to acquire territory, especially colonies
c. was hostile to German submarine warfare and German militarism
d. was interested in building up its military establishment
8. In 1917 Russia
a. finally broke through the German army and drove into Germany
b. defeated the Austrians and invaded the Balkans
c. experienced two revolutions and sued for peace
d. was completely overrun by the Germans
9. During WWI what percentage of French men between the ages of 18 and 28
lost their lives?
a. 5% (1 of 20)
b. 10% (1 of 10)
c. 20% (2 of 10)
d. 30% (3 of 10)
Chapter 9
1. Some of the causes of the Great Depression were
a. low prices and underproduction
b. overproduction, speculation, overextended credit
c. unemployment, reparations, and low prices.
d. speculation and expanding world trade
2. The Great Depression began with
a. World War I
b. the nonpayment of German reparations
c. famine in India
d. the collapse of the stock market in the United States
3. The League of Nations
a. was an international organization composed of all the major Western
nations
b. was the brainchild of Woodrow Wilson and was dominated by the United
States
c. was an international organization that helped social welfare but that
failed to keep the peace
d. was an international organization dominated by African and Asian nations
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4. In Europe, the economic crisis was particularly severe in
a. France
b. Germany
c. Great Britain
d. Spain
5. After World War I, militarism rose sharply in
a. Germany, Italy, and China
b. Germany, Italy, and Russia
c. Germany, Italy, and Japan
d. Germany, Italy, and Great Britain
6. After World War I, there were continued struggles between
a. Darwin and believers in evolution
b. the United States and Great Britain
c. traditional religious believers and secularists
d. Wilson and the League of Nations
7. In the colonized world, the Depression
a. caused an upturn in the economic systems
b. brought industrialization
c. caused hunger and unemployment
d. had no effect
Chapter 10
1. Nicholas II abdicated the throne following:
a. the Bolshevik takeover
b. the return of Lenin to Russia
c. both of the above
d. the failure of his troops to put down demonstrations in Petrograd
2. In the first month of its existence the Provisional Government was most
seriously confronted with the rival power of
a. the tsar’s ministers
b. the Petrograd Soviet
c. the Communist party
d. the Duma
3. The Second All Russian Congress of Soviets
a. called for the abdication of Nicholas II
b. established the Provisional Government
c. approved a new government with Lenin at its head
d. included twice as many Socialist revolutionaries as Bolsheviks
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4. All of the following were major factors that helped the Reds to win the
Russian Civil War except
a. peasants and minority nationalities feared a White victory more than a
Red one
b. Whites wanted to continue WWI
c. Bolsheviks controlled the heartland of Russia
d. Whites were not unified as well as Bolsheviks
5. All of the following were major reasons for the sending and keeping of U.S.,
English, and French troops in Russia except
a. to safeguard military supplies
b. to prevent nearly all the German troops from going to the Western front
c. to force favorable trade agreements upon the new government
d. to support White forces
6. In 1922 Stalin was made
a. head of the government
b. general secretary of the Communist party
c. general secretary of the Comintern
d. head of the Red Army
7. By 1927 Soviet peasants still made up approximately
a. 30 percent of the population
b. 45 percent of the population
c. 60 percent of the population
d. 80 percent of the population
8. Stalin’s chief rival for power in the mid-1920s was
a. Trotsky
b. Molotov
c. Kerensky
d. Kirov
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Chapter 11
1. The only one of the following countries that was represented at the Paris
Peace Conference was
a. Russia
b. Germany
c. Austria
d. Japan
2. As a result of losing World War I, Germany had to agree to all of the following
except:
a. the payment of reparations
b. the military occupation of Berlin
c. the military occupation of part of the Rhineland
d. the loss of overseas colonies
3. In 1923 Germany's biggest economic problem was
a. inflation
b. poor balance of trade
c. unemployment
d. a large budget deficit
4. In Czechoslovakia economic and strategic considerations led to the inclusion
of a sizable
a. Italian minority
b. Russian minority
c. Germanic minority
d. Rumanian minority
5. By a treaty of 1921 Great Britain recognized
a. the independence of all of Ireland
b. the complete independence of all of Ireland except Northern Ireland, which
remained part of Great Britain
c. the establishment of the Irish Free State as a self-governing
dominion
d. the complete independence of all Ireland except Northern Ireland, which
became a self-governing dominion
6. At the Washington Naval Conference the following country was not present:
a. France
b. Great Britain
c. Japan
d. Germany
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Chapter 12
1. Franklin Roosevelt’s main declared concern after being elected was to
a. decrease unemployment
b. decrease inflation
c. balance the federal budget
d. regulate the business community
2. Which of the following detrimental condition(s) underlay the apparent
prosperity of the U.S. economy in the 1920s
a. over-production of industrial, consumer, and agricultural goods
b. over-consumption of industrial and consumer goods
c. tight credit
d. high inflation
3. From 1923 to 1929, manufacturing output in the United States
a. declined slightly
b. remained at about the same level
c. grew at a rate of about 10 percent a year
d. more than doubled
4. In the beginning, the Mexican Revolution was led by
a. Marxists
b. U.S. mercenaries
c. middle class reformers and dissident peasants
d. the Catholic clergy
5. Augusto Sandino is best described as a
a. right-wing populist dictator
b. nationalist rebel
c. Marxist intellectual
d. middle class populist leader
6. The Good Neighbor Policy is best described as
a. U.S. support for democratic and reformist politicians
b. U.S. opposition to right wing dictatorships
c. U.S. foreswearing direct military intervention
d. U.S. policy to integrate economically the two halves of the hemisphere
7. The Mexican Revolution resulted in
a. emphasis on the Spanish heritage of Mexico
b. alliance with Brazil and Chile
c. emphasis on the Indian heritage of Mexico
d. a multi-party system of government
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Chapter 13
1. The Manchu dynasty was overthrown in 1912 by
a. the Boxer rebellion
b. Western troops that put down the Boxer rebellion
c. revolutionary forces led by Sun Yat-sen
d. coup d’etat led by the Empress Dowager
2. Sun Yat-sen’s ideology stressed
a. return to monarchial principles
b. nationalism, democracy, and livelihood
c. cooperation with imperialist nations
d. expansion of Chinese frontiers
3. The May Fourth Movement was
a. an Indian Muslim organization
b. a nationalistic officers group in Japan
c. an intellectual revolution in China
d. a xenophobic movement in China
4. The Northern Expedition resulted in
a. unification of China under the Kuomintang
b. rise of the Chinese Communist Party
c. death of Sun Yat-sen
d. rise of Warlordism
5. An epic feat of survival of the Chinese Communist Party:
a. May Fourth Movement
b. Twenty-One Demands
c. Manchurian Incident
d. Long March
6. At the Washington Conference Japan agreed to
a. withdraw its troops from Siberia
b. naval limitation and restoration of Shantung to China
c. the Labor Dispute Mediation Law
d. the reduction of land forces
9. They led the antidemocratic, ultranationalist forces in Japan:
a. Shinto priests
b. the House of Peers
c. the Socialist Party
d. junior military officers
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10. Many Japanese blamed them for the Depression:
a. the emperor and imperial family
b. the large military establishment
c. farmers who received large subsidies
d. politicians and the zaibatsu
Chapter 14
1. The Government of India Act of 1919
a. established dyarchy in the provinces
b. ended separate electorates for Muslims
c. gave India dominion status
d. provided for martial law
2. Gandhi used this technique to oppose British rule
a. sponsoring terrorism and assassinations
b. refusing to attend English-language schools
c. civil disobedience
d. alliance with the Soviet Union
3. As a social reformer Gandhi advocated
a. rapid industrialization for India
b. coeducational schools
c. end to child marriages and the abuse of untouchables
d. mixed Hindu-Muslim marriages
4. Indian Muslim fear of Hindus was due to
a. Hindu dietary laws
b. Hindus not allowing Muslims to join the Congress
c. minority fear of majority tyranny in government
d. suspicion that Britain had an alliance with the Hindus
5. The Government of India Act of 1935 provided for
a. a federation of self-governing provinces and princely states
b. the creation of Pakistan
c. the appointment of an Indian as viceroy
d. an end to separate electorates
6. Vietnamese Marxist-nationalist leader:
a. Sukarno
b. M.A. Jinnah
c. the Sultan of Jehore
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d. Ho Chi Minh
Chapter 15
1. The following best characterizes South African society:
a. the white Afrikaner majority dominated no one
b. the black African majority dominated the white Afrikaners
c. the white Afrikaner minority dominated the black Bantu majority
d. the Afrikaners and Bantus worked together for independence and
equal rights
2. Ibn Saud was a leader of:
a. Pan-Africanism
b. the Wahhabi movement, which advocated puritanical Islam in Saudi
Arabia
c. Sherif Husayn in the Hijaz
d. Iraq
3. The following were all British wartime agreements regarding the Middle East:
a. Sherif Husayn-McMahon Correspondence, Sykes-Picot Treaty, and
Locarno treaties
b. Sherif Husayn-McMahon Correspondence, Sykes-Picot Treaty, and Triple
Alliance
c. Sherif Husayn-McMahon Correspondence, Sykes-Picot Treaty, and
Balfour Declaration
d. Sherif Husayn-McMahon Correspondence, Balfour Declaration, and
Locarno treaties
4. Ataturk and Reza Khan both tried to
a. modernize their nations and have close ties to the Soviet Union
b. modernize their nations and increase the importance of religion
c. modernize their nations and decrease the importance of traditional
ways of life.
d. keep old traditions and increase the importance of religion
Chapter 16
1. The Nuremberg Laws of 1935
a. deprived German Jews of their citizenship
b. forbade marriages between Jews and “pure Germans”
c. both of the above
d. none of the above
2. The key piece of Reichstag legislation aiding Hitler to assume almost
dictatorial powers was
a. the Enabling Act
b. the Lateran Act
c. the Nuremberg Law
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d. the anti-Communist Law
4. In June 1934, Hitler’s men killed many leaders of the
a. SA
b. Jews
c. Catholics
d. SS
5. The destruction of Jewish businesses and arrests of thousands of Jews in
1938 occurred on
a. Crystal Night
b. Night of the Long Knives
c. Aryan Night
d. Volks Night
6. The corporate state was designed
a. by Hitler in Germany when he seized power
b. by Stalin in the U.S.S.R. after he seized power
c. by Chamberlain in England to defeat the Labour Party
d. by Mussolini in Italy, theoretically to overcome class conflict
Chapter 17
1. The Manchurian or Mukden Incident, which led to the Japanese conquest of
Manchuria, was brought about primarily as a result of the actions of
a. the Japanese ambassador to Manchuria
b. the prime minister of Japan
c. the chief of staff of the Japanese army
d. junior Japanese officers stationed in Manchuria
2. Between the Japanese invasion of Manchuria and all-out war against China,
Chiang Kai-shek’s response was
a. first attempt to resist Japan in Manchuria and then eliminate the Chinese
Communists
b. join the Chinese Communists to form a united front against Japan
c. eliminate the Chinese Communists and then resist Japan
d. seek Japanese assistance to help eliminate the Chinese Communists
3. The Soviet Union gave aid to China when Japan attacked in 1937 because
a. it wished to help a fellow Communist regime
b. it had surplus arms to sell
c. if China fell, Japan might target the Soviet Union
d. it wanted to show solidarity with Britain and the United States
4. After Hitler sent German troops into the Rhineland
a. it brought a swift military response from Great Britain and France
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b. France threatened war but Great Britain approved of Germany’s action
c. Germany was militarily unopposed by Great Britain and France
d. none of the above
5. In the spring of 1939 Great Britain and France announced that they would
support the following country if it were attacked:
a. Poland
b. Lithuania
c. the Soviet Union
d. Finland
Chapter 18
1. The Soviet Union was invaded by Germany in:
a. 1939
b. 1940
c. 1941
d. 1942
2. Hitler’s "New Order" in Europe was characterized by all of the following
except:
a. slave labor
b. increased prosperity for all under Hitler’s control
c. the mass extermination of Jews
d. stripping the economies of conquered nations and of allies
3. Japan attacked the Western powers in December 1941 because it
a. wanted to conquer the world
b. wanted to help out Hitler
c. knew they were about to be attacked by Western nations
d. wanted to control Southeast Asian resources
4. The "Grand Alliance" of the Allies decided to
a. concentrate on defeating Japan first
b. concentrate on defeating Germany first
c. concentrate equally on Japan and Germany
d. stand on the defensive
5. The atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
a. made no difference because the Japanese government had already
decided to surrender
b. stampeded the Japanese population to force their government to
surrender
c. crystallized the Japanese Emperor’s decision to surrender
d. none of the above
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6. Japan was primarily defeated because
a. the Chinese and British defeated the Japanese armies in mainland Asia
b. the United States successfully invaded the home islands of Japan
c. devastating air attacks by the United States
d. the Soviet Union attacked Japan
7. The term "Final Solution" refers to Hitler’s plan to
a. knock Britain out of the war through concentrated air attacks
b. exterminate the Jews and Gypsies of Europe
c. strangle Great Britain with an effective naval blockade
d. close the Suez Canal thereby cutting off the British Empire
8. Germany was defeated for all of the following reasons except
a. air bombardments and loss of her submarine fleet
b. German generals turning against Hitler
c. a powerful Soviet drive westward
d. successful Allied amphibious landings in the West, followed by a strong
drive eastward
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