QUESTIONNAIRE
LETTER OF INTRODUCTION
University of Benin,
P.M.B. 1154,
Ugbowo – Lagos Road,
Benin City,
Edo State.
Dear Respondents,
I am a Post Graduate Student of the above named institution. I am conducting a
study on Migration, the reasons people migrate and the consequences of migration to
us as an individual and the nation at large.
Please, you are requested to kindly give prompt responses to each of the item
below, as they apply to you personality. All information obtained will be used purely
for academic work and treated with confidentiality.
Thanks for your cooperation.
Yours faithfully,
Okaredje Benedicta
Researcher
LITERATURE REVIEW
This review of literature is related to the topic under investigation. It covers the
following sub-headings:
-
The Concept of Migration
-
Types of Migration
-
Theories and Models of Migration
-
Consequences of Migration
The Concept of Migration
Human migration is the movement by people from one place to another with the
intensions of settling permanently or temporarily in a new location.
Types of Migration
There are 5 major types of migration:
(a)
Rural to Rural Migration
(b)
Rural to Urban Migration
(c)
Urban to Rural Migration
(d)
Urban to Urban Migration
(e)
International Migration
(a)
Rural to Rural Migration: can be on account of lack of work in certain
villages. Usually a large proportion of rural to rural migration may consist of
migration of girls after marriage.
(b)
Rural to Urban Migration: This is the most common economic stream of
migration. From rural to urban areas and from small towns to cities. In many
less developed countries like Nigeria, migrants from rural to urban areas do not
loose their mooring with their native place.
(c)
Urban to Rural Migration: has generally increased agricultural outputs while
the population of economically active persons in agriculture also increased.
(d)
Urban to Urban Migration: Migration is a driver of urbanization and urban
migration is an increasing trend of the twenty-first century. Environmental
disasters and conflict also contribute to urban migration nationally and
internationally.
(e)
International Migration: Occurs when people cross country boundaries and
stay in the host country for some minimum length of time. Many people leave
their host countries in order to look for economic opportunities in other
countries.
THEORIES/MODELS OF MIGRATION
(a)
Ravenstein’s Model of Migration
(b)
Lee’s Model of Migration
(c)
Lewis Model of Migration
(d)
Todaro Model of Migration
1.
Ravenstein’s Model:
Most migrants move only a short distance. There is a process of absorption
whereby people immediately surrounding a rapidly growing town move into it
and the gaps they leave are filled by migrants from more distant areas until the
attractive force is spent.
2.
Lee’s Model: Lee’s Push Pull Theory
He proposed a comprehensive theory of migration in 1966. He begins his
formulations with certain factors, which lead to spatial mobility of population
in any area. According to Lee, each place possesses a set of positive and
negative factors.
3.
Lewis Model:
The capitalist employment also increases with the re-investment of profits and
the expansion of the capitalist sector. In the Lewis model, migration is the
result of concerted effort on the part of the state to transfer surplus rural labour
to the industrial sector by developing the latter for capital formation.
4.
Todaro Model:
Todaro model named after John R. Hans and Michael Todaro is an economic
model developed in 1970 and used in development economics and welfare
economics to explain some of the issues concerning rural – urban migration.
CONSEQUENCES OF MIGRATION
1.
Loss of manpower i.e. brain drain.
2.
Culture loss.
3.
Desperation can make them go into illegal things and criminality.
4.
Racial and ethnic tension.
5.
No family union – loss and relationship and family ties.
BIOGRAPHICAL QUESTION
Section A:
Personal Information
Instruction: Please tick where appropriate
1.
Gender: Male [
]
2.
Age: 18-22 [
3.
Marital Status: Single [
4.
Educational Level: Primary [
]
Female [
23-27 [
]
]
]
28-32 [
]
Married [
]
32 and above [
Widowed [
] Secondary [
]
]
Tertiary [
]
Divorced [
]
]
]
None [
SECTION B
Please reach each of the following questions carefully and tick [
] the response that
best represents your reactions to the statement according to the option available.
QUESTIONNAIRE
1.
At what age did you get married? 18-22 [
33 and above [
]
2.
At what age did you had your first child? 18-22 [
33 and above [
]
3.
How many children do you have or expect to have? 1-2 [
6 and above [
]
4.
Are you in your place of nativity? Yes [
5.
Did you migrate? Yes [
6.
Why did you migrate? Job [
] Education [
] Business [
]
Climate Condition [
] Cultural Practice [
] Religion [
]
Family Problems [
]
7.
Do you remit money back home to your family? Yes [
8.
What can you consider as pains for leaving your homes? Loneliness [
]
Brain drain [
] Migration trap [
] Culture loss [
] Family tie loss [
Thank you.
] No [
]
]
23-27 [
]
No [
]
28-32 [
23-27 [
]
] 3-4 [
]
28-32 [
]
] 5-6 [
]
]
]
] No [
]
]