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Prosiding
Seminar Ekspedisi Saintifik
Tanah Bencah Setiu 2016
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“Menghubungkan Sains
kepada Masyarakat”
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13 Oktober 2016
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,
Terengganu
Editors:
Daria Mathew Abdullah
Muhammad Zaid Nasir
Norizan Mohd Mazlan
Wan Faridah Akmal Wan Jusoh
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Prosiding
Seminar Ekspedisi Saintifik
Tanah Bencah Setiu
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2016
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“Menghubungkan Sains
kepada Masyarakat”
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Tajaan oleh :
Menyokong usaha :
Cetakan Pertama / First Printing, 2017
Hak cipta / Copyright WWF-Malaysia, 2017
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Hak cipta terpelihara. Tiada bahagian daripada terbitan ini
boleh diterbitkan semula, disimpan untuk pengeluaran atau ditukarkan
ke dalam bentuk atau dengan sebarang alat juga pun, sama ada
dengan elektronik, gambar serta rakaman dan sebagainya tanpa
kebenaran bertulis daripada WWF-Malaysia
terlebih dahulu.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or
transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval
system, without permission in writing from WWF-Malaysia.
Panel Pengulas / Panel of reviewers:
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Belinda Lip Hun Mei (WWF-Malaysia)
Saradambal Srinivasan (WWF-Malaysia)
Siti Syafieqa Satria (WWF-Malaysia)
Dr John-James Wilson (Universiti Malaya)*
Dr Yao-Hua Law (Universiti Malaya)*
Wan Nurzalia Wan Saelan (Universiti Malaysia Terengganu)
* during period of review
Susun Atur / Layout :
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Muhammad Zaid Nasir (WWF-Malaysia)
Nur Syahirah Wahab (WWF-Malaysia)
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Diterbit di Malaysia / Published in Malaysia
WWF-Malaysia
1, Jalan PJS 5/28A,
Petaling Jaya Commercial Centre (PJCC),
46150, Petaling Jaya, Selangor.
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Dicetak di Malaysia / Printed in Malaysia
Nets Printwork Sdn. Bhd.
No. 58, Jalan PBS 14/4,
Taman Perindustrian Bukit Serdang,
43000 Seri Kembangan, Selangor.
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Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia
Data-Pengkatalogan-dalam-Penerbitan
Cataloguing-in-Publication-Data
WWF-Malaysia
Prosiding Seminar Ekspedisi Saintifik Tanah Bencah Setiu 2016:
“Menghubungkan Sains kepada Masyarakat”
ISBN
Isi Kandungan
Muka Surat
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Tajuk
1.0 Objektif Seminar
1
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2.0 Upacara Perasmian
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2.1 Ucapan Aluan oleh Yang Berusaha Puan Norizan Mohd Mazlan,
Ketua Program Konservasi Semenanjung Malaysia, WWF-Malaysia
2.2 Ucapan Perasmian Yang Berbahagia Tuan Haji Tun Ahmad Faisal Bin Tun Abdul Razak,
Timbalan Pengarah, Unit Perancang Ekonomi Negeri Terengganu
2.3 Ucaptama oleh Yang Berusaha Dr. Sundari Ramakrishna,
Pengarah Pemuliharaan (Konservasi), WWF-Malaysia
2.4 Ucaptama oleh Yang Berbahagia Prof. Dato’ Dr. Nor Aieni Mokhtar,
Naib Canselor, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
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7
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12
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3.0 Sesi Pembentangan
Sesi Pembentangan I : Inventori Spesis
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3.1 Distribution and Rarity of Mangrove and Coastal Plants in Developing Indicators
of Hotspots in Setiu Wetland
3.2 Preliminary Study on the Aquatic Insect Communities in Two Freshwater Streams
of Setiu, Terengganu
3.3 Preliminary List of Butterflies (Lepidoptera:Rhopalocera) in Gelam Swamp and
Dipterocarp Forest of Setiu
3.4 Checklist of Mangrove Snails (Mollusca:Gastropoda) in Setiu Wetlands
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Sesi Pembentangan II : Ancaman kepada Spesis atau Ekosistem
3.5 Fire Occurrence during Extended Periods of Drought in the BRIS Ecosystem of Setiu,
Terengganu
3.6 Preliminary Assessment of Shoreline Changes on Reserved Turtle Nesting Beaches
in Setiu, Terengganu
3.7 Plant Diversity of Gelam Forest at Setiu Wetlands, Terengganu
3.8 Checklist of the Macrofungi of Setiu Wetlands, Terengganu - Preliminary Studies
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4.0 Poster Teknikal
4.1 Poster 1
4.2 Poster 2
4.3 Poster 3
4.4 Poster 4
4.4 Poster 5
4.4 Poster 6
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5.0 Perbincangan Panel
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Tajuk
Muka Surat
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6.0 Lampiran
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6.1 Aturcara Seminar
6.2 Jawatankuasa Pelaksana
6.3 Senarai Peserta
6.4 Gambar sepanjang Seminar
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6.5 Poster
6.6 Keratan Akhbar
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PROSIDING SEMINAR EKSPEDISI SAINTIFIK TANAH BENCAH SETIU
“MENGHUBUNGKAN SAINS KEPADA MASYARAKAT”
13 OKTOBER 2016, UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU
PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF SHORELINE CHANGES ON RESERVED
TURTLE NESTING BEACHES IN SETIU, TERENGGANU.
Noor Azariyah Mohtar, Sharifah Ruqaiyah Syed Mustafa, Sikula Magupin,
Fadhilah Ramli, Nor Rasidah Hashim
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World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) Malaysia
1, Jalan PJS 5/28A, Petaling Jaya Commercial Centre,
46150 Petaling Jaya, Selangor
noorazariyah@wwf.org.my
Zasve @ UM Innovations Sdn. Bhd.
University of Malaya
50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
heritagecolony@gmail.com
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Keywords: Turtle conservation; Nesting beaches; Shoreline tracing
INTRODUCTION
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Setiu in Terengganu, Malaysia, is well known for its wetlands. Part of the Setiu
ecosystem comprises of sandy beaches that serve as important habitats for the
green turtle, Chelonia mydas and painted terrapin, Batagur borneonsis. Female
green turtle will always come back to their natal beaches to lay eggs and then
back to the sea for mating and feeding (Maslo,2014). As for painted terrapin, they
are more unique because during juvenile stage they will stay in freshwater areas
of rivers and during adults stage in estuarine areas (IUCN, 2016). The female will
swim through a long distance to the river mouth towards the sea before selecting
suitable nesting sites for their eggs at the beach area (Effendy and Azizan, 2007).
AF
Terengganu has a very distinctive monsoon season: post monsoon (AprilMay), pre-monsoon (September - November) and North east monsoon
(December - March) (MetMalaysia, 2013) which dynamically shape the shoreline
and beaches. Nesting season for turtles in Terengganu starts in March and ends
in September every year. It is much lesser nesting activities during monsoon
season due to the rough seas.
DR
Because of the increasing development and human activities along the
coastline in the past decades, it is necessary to study and monitor the changes
of the coastline. Of particular concern is the need to evaluate the potential loss of
nesting beaches area for green turtle and painted terrapin.
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13 OKTOBER 2016, UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU
MATERIALS AND METHODS
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Two beaches were selected for this study, i.e. Kuala Baharu Selatan and Telaga
Papan (Figure 1) as the study area.
Figure 1: Map of the study area in Setiu, Terengganu. The red arrow shows the
Kuala Baharu Selatan beach and the yellow arrow shows the Telaga Papan
DR
AF
We used the shoreline tracing method (Döweler, 2015) to assess the beach area.
The shoreline tracing method used to assess the full area of a beach was by
noting down GPS data of the shoreline area. At low tide level (± 1hour) a person
walks along the shoreline from one end of the beach within the study are to the
other end and consecutively noted down the GPS data at least every 50 steps.
At Telaga Papan, the beach is divided into two sections; ie. TP 1 and TP 2. The
sampling covered a distance of 6.5 km starting from point A to point B (Figure 2).
Telaga Papan 1 (TP1) 5’3417.93”N , 105”E and ended at 5’32’28.44”N, 102”
54.30.92”E in Telaga Papan (TP2).
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PROSIDING SEMINAR EKSPEDISI SAINTIFIK TANAH BENCAH SETIU
“MENGHUBUNGKAN SAINS KEPADA MASYARAKAT”
13 OKTOBER 2016, UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU
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A
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TP1TP1
TP2
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TP2
B
B
Figure 2: Overall sampling map of Telaga Papan 1 and 2 of the study area
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At Kuala Baru Selatan (KBS), the beach was divided into two section; ie: KBS 1
and KBS 2. At KBS 1, the distance covered is 3.24 km starting from Point A
(5’40’38.33”N, 102’43’21.52”E) to Point B (5’39’02.52”N, 102’45’44.57” E)
(Figure 3). At KBS 2, the distance covered was 3.5km starting from Point C
(5’28’59.23”N, 102”45’48.65’E) to Point D (5’38’21.24”4N, 102”46’45.59”E). This
group also recorded the coordinates of turtle and terrapin nests (old and new
ones; however the age of these nests could not be ascertained based on the
tracks of the animals).
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PROSIDING SEMINAR EKSPEDISI SAINTIFIK TANAH BENCAH SETIU
“MENGHUBUNGKAN SAINS KEPADA MASYARAKAT”
13 OKTOBER 2016, UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU
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A
B
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KBS 1
C
D
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KBS 2
Figure 3: Study site at Kuala Baharu Selatan.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
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Kuala Baharu Selatan
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The number of terrapin nests tracks found at Kuala Baharu Selatan was 47, and
for green turtles was 6. The main coastal vegetation found on the seaward side
of the beach included the Casuarina trees, Tacca / Scaevola sp., at least two
species of grasses , Vitex sp. and Ipomoea pes-caprae creepers. The general
observation when walking southwards (from the former inlet of the Setiu lagoon)
was that the sandy beach gets progressively narrow. We also observed the
persistent presence of debris on the beach.
Google Earth images from 2013 and 2015 were compared to see the
changes occuring along the shoreline. The GPS survey points were also overlaid
on the map to show the sampling area. Such comparison clearly shows the loss
of beach area of 300-500m between 2015 and 2013 (Figure 4; beach area lost in
marked as B in the blue circle). In 2013, a new river mouth was constructed due
to the demand from the local fisherman as they need a shorter pathway out to the
sea from the jetty in their village at Kampung Mangkuk.
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“MENGHUBUNGKAN SAINS KEPADA MASYARAKAT”
13 OKTOBER 2016, UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU
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B
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A
Figure 4: Point A : The old river mouth connecting Kuala Baharu Selatan and
Kuala Baharu Utara; Point B : the new river mouth at Kuala Baharu Selatan.
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Figure 5 shows accretion is happening at Point A. The accretion is causing Kuala
Baharu Selatan and Kuala Baharu Utara beaches to be connected, thus closing
the old river mouth.
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PROSIDING SEMINAR EKSPEDISI SAINTIFIK TANAH BENCAH SETIU
“MENGHUBUNGKAN SAINS KEPADA MASYARAKAT”
13 OKTOBER 2016, UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU
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A
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Figure 5: A close-up look of the old river mouth. The obvious accretion is
happening along the shoreline have caused the closure of the old river mouth.
Figure 6: The new river mouth at Kuala Baharu Selatan showing the loss of
300- 500m of beach due to erosion which was likely caused by the opening of
the new river mouth.
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PROSIDING SEMINAR EKSPEDISI SAINTIFIK TANAH BENCAH SETIU
“MENGHUBUNGKAN SAINS KEPADA MASYARAKAT”
13 OKTOBER 2016, UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU
PY
Kasawani et al (2010) in their findings stated that the critical areas found
around opening of the new estuary or river mouth and island (northern part of
Kuala Baharu) are slowly eroded by wind and wave. Critical was described as
“Category one - areas suffering from coastal erosion where the shore-based
facilities are in imminent danger of loss or damage”. Other factors that
contributed to the erosion in this area is the depletion of the mangrove forest
which directly reduced species distributions.
RS
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The changes of the shoreline area have potentially affected the painted
terrapin nesting site as shown in Graph 1 where the number of painted terrapin
nest suddenly dropped in 2014 along with other factors such as egg poaching.
The decline in nest number may be due to the loss of nesting habitat caused by
erosion and accretion occurring at Kuala Baharu Selatan. The number increased
in 2015 which also be due to the normal pattern in painted terrapin nesting trend
where the nesting number fluctuates every one or two years. This turtle and
painted terrapin data were collected by WWF-Malaysia since 2010 with
permission from the Department of Fisheries Malaysia.
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80
60
40
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
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No of nest
100
0
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Painted terrapin's nest data from 2010-2015 for Kuala Baru
Selatan
Graph 1: Painted terapin nest data from 2010-2015 for Kuala Baharu Selatan
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No of nest
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Nest
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5
0
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Green Turtle's nest data from 2010-2015 for Kuala Baru
Selatan
Graph 2: Green turtle nest data from 2010-2015 for Kuala Baharu Selatan
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PROSIDING SEMINAR EKSPEDISI SAINTIFIK TANAH BENCAH SETIU
“MENGHUBUNGKAN SAINS KEPADA MASYARAKAT”
13 OKTOBER 2016, UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU
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Effendy and Azizan (2007) found that there is a correlation between sand particle
size and nesting density of the painted terrapin in Kuala Baharu Selatan area.
Painted terrapin showed preferences to nest and lay their eggs on beach areas
with small particle sizes. Erosions occuring at Kuala Baharu Selatan area potentially have resulted in the sand to become coarser and therefore the painted terrapin possibly have to travel further to other stretches of beach with sand types that
are more condusive for nesting. A comparative study should be undertaken to
further examine this matter.
Telaga Papan
RS
From our observation at Telaga Papan there is no major shoreline changes.
There is a newly built jetty, a barge and a few boats docking at the jetty at TP1 as
shown in Figure 7(b). We also observed erosion occurring at TP 1 before the jetty
area as shown in Figure 7(a)
2015
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2013
Figure 7 : Closer look at TP 1 showing a jetty. The arrow pointing to the
yellow line indicates there is sand accretion happening on this beach in 2015.
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CONCLUSIONS
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This preliminary study found associations between the opening of the
new river mouth at Kuala Baharu Selatan, and erosion and accretion of sand
along the area. The shifting of sand from the new river mouth towards north
direction has caused accretion at the old river mouth. This occurence causes the
old river mouth to close and shifting of nesting site in 2014. As for Telaga Papan
area, only one obvious erosion occurred at TP1. Further study has to be
conducted to monitor and determine the actual factors affecting the shoreline
changes.
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“MENGHUBUNGKAN SAINS KEPADA MASYARAKAT”
13 OKTOBER 2016, UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU
REFERENCES
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Döweler, Fabian. 2015. “Coastal Erosion and Coastal Integrity Vulnerability at
selected Shorelines of Sarawak, Borneo Malaysia.” Master diss.,
Swedish University of Agricultural and Science.
IUCN.
2016. “Batagur borneonsis.” Accessed
http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/163458/0
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Effendi, A.W.M and Azizan, T. R. PT. 2007. The Influence of Sand Particle Size on
Nesting Site Selection of Painted Terrapin (Callagur Borneonsis) in Kuala
Setiu Baharu, Penarik,Terengganu.
on
8th
October
2016.
HO
RS
Kasawani, I., Kim-Asbiyallah-Shah, A., Sulong, I., Mohd-Hasmadi, I. and
Kamaruzaman, J. 2010. Coastal Change Detection Using GIS in Setiu
Lagoon, Terengganu, Malaysia. National Conference on Natural
Resources.
UT
Maslo, B. 2014. “The impacts of Climate Change.” In Coastal Conservation.
Edited by Brooke Maslo and Julie L. Lockwood. 291. Cambridge
University Press.
MetMalaysia. 2013. “General climate in Malaysia”. Accessed on 8th October
2016,
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http://www.met.gov.my/web/metmalaysia/climate/generalinformation/malaysia.
Tha, H.D. 1970. Monsoon-control the Eastern Shoreline of Malaya. Geological
Society of Malaysia. 3:9-15
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Wildscreen. 2010. "Painted terrapin (Callagur borneoensis)" . Accessed 6th
August 2016.
http://www.arkive.org/painted-terrapin/callagur-borneoensis/.
DR
WWF-Malaysia. 2016. “Project
Wetlands.”
Accessed
Sustainable Management
on
20th
August
of
Setiu
2016.
http://www.wwf.org.my/about_wwf/what_we_do/freshwater_main/freshwater_conserving
_freshwater_habitats/projects_sustainable_management_of_setiu_wetlands/
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