Обучающая презентация на тему: «КРОВЬ» 4 blood presentation in English bloop plasma element erythrocyte leucocyte trombocyte Plasma Плазма Plasma • • Плазма содержит 90-92% воды и 8-10% сухого остатка, главным образом белков (7-8%) и минеральных солей (1%). Белки плазмы (их более 30) разделяют на три основные группы. Альбумины (около 4,5%) связывают и транспортируют лекарственные вещества, витамины, гормоны, пигменты. Глобулины (2-3%) обеспечивают транспорт жиров, глюкозы, меди, железа, выработку антител. Фибриноген (0,2-0,4%) участвует в свертывании крови. В плазме также находятся аминокислоты, глюкоза (0,11%), нейтральные жиры, липиды. В плазму поступают и конечные продукты обмена веществ: мочевина, мочевая кислота и др. В плазме содержатся также различные гормоны, ферменты и другие, биологически активные вещества. Минеральные вещества плазмы составляют около 1%. Plasma contains 90-92% water and 810% solids, mainly proteins (7-8%) and mineral salts (1%). Plasma proteins (more than 30) is divided into three main groups. Albumins (about 4.5%) bind and transport drugs, vitamins, hormones, pigments. Globulin (2.3%) providing transport of fats, glucose, copper, iron, production of antibodies. Fibrinogen (0.2-0.4%) is involved in blood clotting. In the plasma are also amino acid, glucose (0.11%), neutral fats, lipids. In the plasma and enter the final products of metabolism, urea, uric acid, and others. In the plasma also contains a variety of hormones, enzymes and other biologically active substances. Minerals plasma is about 1%. Blood Кровь Blood • • Кровь человека является важнейшей системой в организме, которая выполняет очень много функций. Кровь – это и транспортная система, по которой переносятся необходимые вещества к клеткам различных органов, а из клеток удаляются продукты распада и прочие отработанные вещества, подлежащие выведению из организма. В крови же циркулируют клетки и вещества, обеспечивающие защитную функцию всего организма. Human blood is the most important system in the body that performs a lot of functions. Blood it's transport system by which the necessary substances are transferred to the cells of various organs, and the cells are removed from the decay products and other waste substances to be removal from the body. In the same blood circulating cells and substances that provide a protective function of the whole organism. Blood - amazing liquid. Since ancient times, it attributed a mighty force. Ancient priests brought her in sacrifice to their gods, people with blood cemented their vows ... Blood - it's a special kind of connective tissue cells are located far from each other, many of the intercellular substance. своибогам, люди кровью скрепляли Functions of blood. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Питательная Дыхательная Гуморальная Выделительная Защитная Терморегуляторная Гомеостатическая Nutritional respiratory humoral The excretory Protective thermoregulatory homeostatic Erythrocytes hemoglobin . . Erythrocytes or red blood cells are clearly visible under the microscope in a drop of fresh blood. A lot of them, so they are clearly visible: in 1 mm3 - 4.5 - 5.5 million. Erythrocytes. This small non-nuclear cells biconcave shape. This shape increases the surface of red blood cells. Reddish coloration gives erythrocytes special protein hemoglobin. Thanks to him, the red blood cells carry the respiratory function of blood: hemoglobin readily combines with oxygen and just as easily it gives. Red blood cells and participate in the removal of carbon dioxide from the tissues. Erythrocytes are produced in the bone marrow. Their century is short - 100-120 days. Daily instead of dead forms to 300 billion. New red blood cells. erythrocytes эритроциты erythrocytes • • Normally, 70-80% of the erythrocytes are spherical in two ways - a concave shape, while the remaining 20-30% may be of various shapes. For example, a simple spherical, oval, bitten, cup-shaped, etc. The shape of red blood cells may be violated in various diseases, such as sickleshaped red blood cells characteristic of sickle - cell anemia, are oval with a deficiency of iron, vitamin B12, folic acid. В норме 70-80% эритроцитов имеют сферическую двояко – вогнутую форму, а остальные 20-30% могут быть различной формы. Например, простая сферическая, овальная, надкусанная, чашеобразная и т.д. Форма эритроцитов может нарушаться при различных заболеваниях, например эритроциты в форме серпа характерны для серповидно – клеточной анемии, овальной формы бывают при недостатке железа, витаминов В12, фолиево й кислоты. Leukocytes Leukocytes (white blood cells; from the Greek leuco ... and kytos container, here - cell), colorless blood cells of humans and animals. All types of leukocytes (lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils, eosinophils and neutrophils) spherical, have a core and are able to actively amoeboid movement. Leukocytes play an important role in protecting the body from disease - produce antibodies and engulf bacteria. At 1 mm of blood normally contains 4-9 thousand. Leukocytes. The number of leukocytes in the blood of the person subject to fluctuations: it rises towards the end of the day, during physical exertion, emotional stress, intake of protein foods, a sharp change in the ambient temperature. There are two main groups of white blood cells - granulocytes (granular leukocytes) and agranulocytes (nezernistye leukocytes). Granulocytes are subdivided into neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils. All granulocytes are divided on the blade core and granular cytoplasm. Agranulocytes divided into two main types: monocytes and lymphocytes thrombocytes Platelets (thrombocytes) - small non-nuclear education in 1 mm3 them contain up to 400000. The duration of their life - 5-7 days. They are formed in the bone marrow. The main function is associated with the process of blood clotting. thrombocytes - hemocyte involved in haemostasis. thrombocytes - small non-nuclear cells, oval or round; their diameter is 2 - 4 micrometers. Precursor of platelets are megakaryocytes. In blood vessels, platelets may be located at the walls and in the bloodstream. In the quiescent state (in the bloodstream) are disc-shaped platelets. When activated, platelets become spherical cells and form a special outgrowths (pseudopodia). With these protrusions platelets may adhere to each other or adhere to the damaged vascular wall. Тhrombocytes • Эти маленькие клетки выполняют очень важные функции в организме. Вопервых, тромбоциты поддерживают целостность сосудистой стенки и помогают ее восстановлению при повреждениях. Во-вторых, тромбоциты останавливают кровотечение, образуя тромб. Именно тромбоциты первыми оказываются в очаге разрыва сосудистой стенки и кровотечения. Именно они, слипаясь между собой, образуют тромб, который «заклеивает» поврежденную стенку сосуда, тем самым, останавливая кровотечение. • These small cells perform very important functions in the body. Firstly, platelets maintain the integrity of the vascular wall and help recover from injuries. Second, platelets, bleeding stopped, forming a clot. It was the first platelets are in the focus of the vascular wall rupture and bleeding. It is they, slips between them, form a clot, which is "glued up" the damaged vessel wall, thereby stopping the bleeding.
