Organization Change and
Development
Spring 2007
Organization Change and Development
1
Organizational Change and
Development
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Spring 2007
What is it?
Why change?
Resistance to change
Force field analysis
Organization Change and Development
2
OD Defined
OD = shorthand for
“Organization Change
and Development”
• OD is an effort…
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Planned
Organization-wide
Managed from the top, in order
To increase organizational effectiveness,
through
• Planned interventions in organizational
processes, using behavioral-science
knowledge
Spring 2007
Organization Change and Development
3
The Change Process
Forces for change
Management
recognition of
need for change
Diagnosis of
problem and
points of
resistance
Evaluation
Selection of
methods &
implementation
Consideration
of alternatives
Spring 2007
Organization Change and Development
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Forces Driving Change: Internal
and External
Technology
Workforce
Global
Events
Competition
The Economy
Social
Trends
Spring 2007
Organization Change and Development
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Attitude Toward Change
Desirable
• Accept change as
inevitable
• Proactive
Spring 2007
Not Desirable
• Feel threatened
by change
• Reactive
Organization Change and Development
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Objects of Change
Physical
Setting
Structure
Culture
Technology
Spring 2007
Organization Change and Development
People
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Resistance to Change - Individual
Group Inertia
Selective Information
Processing
Force of
Habit
Individual
Fear of the Unknown
Spring 2007
Economic Factors
Organization Change and Development
Need for
Security
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Resistance to Change - Group
Group Inertia
Threat to
Existing
Relationships
Structural
Inertia
Organizational
Threat to
Existing
Allocations
Spring 2007
Threat
to Expertise
Organization Change and Development
Limited
Focus
of Change
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Overcoming Resistance
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Education and communication
Negotiation
Communication
Facilitation and support
• Coercion
• Manipulation and cooptation
Spring 2007
Organization Change and Development
10
Organizational Change
Unfreezing
Changing
Refreezing
Lewin’s Three-Step Process
Spring 2007
Organization Change and Development
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Unfreezing the Status Quo
Desired
State
Restraining
Forces
Status
Quo
Driving
Forces
Time
Spring 2007
Organization Change and Development
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OD Tools and Interventions
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Spring 2007
Survey and survey feedback
Team building
Diversity training
Leadership development
Organization restructuring
Job redesign
Adoption of new technologies
Organization Change and Development
13
Change and Culture
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Spring 2007
Is change possible?
How long will it take?
Does culture influence resistance?
Does culture influence implementation?
Does culture influence idea champions?
Organization Change and Development
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