International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)
Volume 10, Issue 03, March 2019, pp. 757-767, Article ID: IJCIET_10_03_073
Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=10&IType=03
ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316
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CRITICAL REVIEW ON FLEXURAL AND
SHEAR BEHAVIOUR OF HYBRID FIBER
REINFORCED CONCRETE
Sureshkumar Narayanan
Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering,
School of Environmental and Construction Technology
Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Deemed to be University
Krishnankoil, Tamil Nadu, India
Gurupandi Muniasamy
PG student (Structural Engineering), Department of Civil Engineering,
School of Environmental and Construction Technology
Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Deemed to be University
Krishnankoil, Tamil Nadu, India
M. Selvaganesh, R. Sriram, S. Sathish Raj and P. Muthu Prakash
UG students, Department of Civil Engineering,
School of Environmental and Construction Technology
Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Deemed to be University
Krishnankoil, Tamil Nadu, India
ABSTRACT:
Research investigations over the past thirty years have clearly developed the
potential use of different fiber reinforcement for improving the flexural capacity as
well as toughness and shear strength of reinforced concrete members .The inclusion
of hybrid fibres having different low and high modulus of elasticity, micro/macro
combination also helps to reduce the problem of congestion due to flexure and shear
reinforcement at critical sectional beam- column joint in structural members. This
review paper is mainly focused on flexural and shear behavior of hybrid fiber
reinforced concrete for the recent years.
Keywords: Fiber reinforced concrete, Flexure, toughness and shear behavior
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Critical Review on Flexural and Shear Behaviour of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete
Cite this Article: Sureshkumar Narayanan, Gurupandi Muniasamy, M.Selvaganesh,
R.Sriram, S.Sathish raj and P.Muthu Prakash, Critical Review on Flexural and Shear
Behaviour of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete, International Journal of Civil
Engineering and Technology, 10(03), 2019, pp. 757-767
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=10&IType=03
1. INTRODUCTION
Traditional Concrete is worn in construction field since quite a while prior. It is likewise
hugely well-known basic material to its minimal effort and simple of creation of
development. In construction industry, concrete means a hard and strong material produced
using blend of cementitious material, water and aggregate. Albeit concrete is exceptionally
tough and sturdy, yet it has a few shortcomings such as low rigidity. To build the rigidity of
concrete, it should have been strengthened by other material, for example, rebar/fiber etc.,
Fiber reinforced concrete is the concrete that strengthened by strands, consistent fibers or
string. There are numerous kinds of strands that have been connected in concrete, a few
precedents are steel, glass, natural and synthetic fibers. At first, fibers are utilized to forestall
and control plastic and drying shrinkage in the concrete. Other than that, ordinarily just a
single sort of fiber is blended with concrete. After some exploration and improvement, the
extension of filaments material in the concrete can likewise improve alternate properties, for
example, flexural quality, weariness obstruction, and post split quality. The concrete recital
will be improved by blended strands with high rigidity, fatigue strength, short length and slim
shape. Mixed fiber reinforced concrete is practically to improve the crack obstruction and
mechanical conduct of relieving entire task of life. This kind of concrete is principally
utilized in underground water proof projects, road, and bridge engineering and Seismic
structures.
2. CRITICAL REVIEW ON THE INVESTIGATION OF FLEXURAL
BEHAVIOR OF HFRC
2.1. Navilesh J et.al investigated that
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The inclusion of steel fiber and coconut fiber results in an increment of 14.30%
compressive quality, 36.6% expansion in flexural quality and 10.16% expansion
in split elasticity.
The improvement in flexural quality uncovers that the durability would be
significantly more than that of concrete without fibre which improves flexibility
and durability of concrete.
Addition ideal measurements of 1% of steel fiber and 1% of coconut fiber
surrenders greatest compressive strength to 42.68% .
2.2. Dr.K.Vidhya et.al investigated that
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The accumulation of steel fibres in concrete, the compressive strength has
improved by 53.2 N/mm2 and the split rigidity has amplified by 3.68 N/mm2.
Deflection in fiber beams is less (5.51mm) when contrasted with control
beam(5.42mm @ ultimate of 65KN.
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Sureshkumar Narayanan, Gurupandi Muniasamy, M.Selvaganesh, R.Sriram, S.Sathish raj and
P.Muthu Prakash
2.3. Wan Amizah Wan Jusoh et.al investigated that
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The number of cracks prolonged and they show better scattered particularly in
beam specimen 75%SF+25%PPF demonstrating higher ductility of the beam.
Beam with 75%SF + 25%PPF had the most noteworthy auxiliary solidness of
32% contrasted and the control beam. In the interim, beams with 75%SF and
25%PPF improved by 29% and 7%, separately for its flexural quality.
2.4. SUNDAR R ET.AL INVESTIGATED THAT
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The accompanying amount of fiber 0.5% was included concrete and their quality
was contrasted and typical blend concrete and hence forth discovered that the
concrete with polypropylene included is more superior to ordinary concrete.
Therefore, with the inclusion of strands the compressive quality was extended
regardless of whether, it was inconsequential.
The inclusion of polypropylene strands to concrete likewise improved the split
rigidity and flexural strength contrasted with plain concrete.
2.5. Dr. N. Balasundaram et.al investigated that
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The mixed fiber strengthened concretes compressive quality containing ST0.3 3
PP0.1 7 for the volume portion 0.5% is 12 - 15% higher than the FRC.
The hybrid fiber strengthened concretes flexural quality containing of S T0.33
PP0.1 7 for the volume portion 0.5% is 25 - 35% higher than the FRC.
The mixed fiber strengthened concretes split rigidity containing of ST0.33PP0.17
for the volume portion 0.5% is 22 - 30% higher than the FRC. ST - FRC is giving
ideal quality while contrasting and PP - FRC.
2.6. A.Annadurai et.al investigated that
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The exploratory investigation along with accompanying ends can be made a
critical load is augmented with increment in fiber content, greatest load was 34 kN
accomplished by the HS2.0 S80P20 sample specimen.
Deflection flexibility is improved with increment in fiber content most extreme
values were acquired by 2% volume division 80% - 20% mix sample.
Toughness index esteems were better in fiber content up to 2% volume division
with 80% - 20% mix of steel and polyolefin fiber.
2.7. P.Hari Narayanee et.al investigated that
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The flexural strength of the beam increments and furthermore there is a decent
holding in concrete due to these polyolefin and steel strands. There is likewise a
decrease of smaller scale splits because of shrinkage.
The utilization of these poly olefin and steel strands indicates great strength and it
likewise captures numerous miniaturized scale splits and further more improves
the flexural strength of the beam under cyclic load.
2.8. D. Abhilash et.al investigated that
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Geopolymer with mixed fiber beams indicates higher flexural quality while
contrasted with the regular concrete mixed fibre beams..
The compressive quality of the Geopolymer with hybrid filaments having higher
quality than the traditional concrete.
The peak load of Geopolymer Hybrid fiber beams having more extreme capacity
than the Hybrid fiber regular concrete beams.
The increment of the glass fiber the decline in a peak load while increment of the
steel fiber increment of an ultimate load.
2.9. Prof. Pravin B.Shinde et.al investigated that
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Flexural quality of HYFRC for 50-50% and SFRC for proportion 100-0%
following 28 days is almost same.
Flexural quality of HYFRC with75-25% hybridization proportion and SFRC for
sample hybridization proportion 100-0% is increments 36.68% and 23.58 %
separately than ordinary bond concrete.
Flexural quality of PPFRC (for example Hybridization proportion 0-100%)
expanded by 8.29% as for conventional concrete.
2.10. B.R. Harini et.al investigated that
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The flexural practices of fiber strengthened concrete beams with and without
elastomeric cushions are examined by watching and contrasting diverse flexural
specimens.
The fiber samples were casted for various level of steel and polypropylene
filaments by which 0.75% steel fiber and 0.25% polypropylene fiber is observed
to be ideal.
2.11. Bobby Ramteke et.al investigated that
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The compressive quality and flexural quality were contrasted with one selfcompacting concrete without fiber. Adding together of Nylon Fiber tuff full scale
engineered fiber caused an increment in compressive quality of about 6.59% and
18.76% individually at 7 curing days and 28 days.
Adding both kind of fiber to SCC with same proportion prompts clear
improvement in the 7 days compressive quality of about 6.86% yet at 28 curing
caused decline compressive quality of about 5.51%.
The addition of Nylon Fiber tuff full scale manufactured fiber caused an
expansion in flexural quality of about 23.87% and 29.13% separately at 7 days
and 28 days curing.
2.12. Jyothis Jose Oommen et.al investigated that
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The energy assimilation limit is more for mixed fiber strengthened beams and
consequently it is progressively flexible.
All the beams displayed comparable pattern of split engendering and flopped by
yielding of bottom reinforcement and resulting smashing of concrete in the
compressive zone.
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Sureshkumar Narayanan, Gurupandi Muniasamy, M.Selvaganesh, R.Sriram, S.Sathish raj and
P.Muthu Prakash
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From the investigation clearly the primary crack load, pre-splitting and postbreaking conduct, split advancement example and extreme burden conveying limit
of the solid pillars improved with fiber expansion and this improvement is
progressively articulated in half and half fiber fortified (HFRC) shaft .
The fiber fortified pillars, when all is said in done, displayed preferred bendable
conduct over shafts without strands.
2.13. B.R. Harini et.al investigated that
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The flexural practices of fiber reinforced concrete beams with and without
elastomeric cushions are considered for different flexural specimens.
The fiber concrete beams were casted for various level of steel and polypropylene
strands by which 0.75% steel fiber and 0.25% polypropylene fiber is observed to
be ideal.
2.14. G. Abhinandh et.al investigated that
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The flexural quality of HFRC was enhanced by 59%, 35% and 4% over NC,
PFRC and SFRC separately. Every hardened property of HFRC demonstrates
huge improvement contrasted with ordinary plain concrete.
From the research on flexural conduct of HFRC, PFRC, SFRC and ordinary
concrete, it was seen that the energy assimilation for HFRC, PFRC, and SFRC had
improved by 41 %, 1% and 8% than typical controlled concrete.
2.15. S. Sharmila et.al investigated that
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The peak load conveying limit of SFRC beam is about 1.13 times that of
traditional beam whereas the first crack load conveying limit of SFRC has been
improved by 40%.
The total ductility factor of SFRC beam is about 1.7 times that of controlled beam.
Combined energy ingestion limit of SFRC beam is about 1.77 times that of
ordinary concrete beam.
2.16. S.Kumaravel et.al investigated that
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The load diversion attributes acquired for the plain concrete beams and geo
polymer concrete beams are practically comparative curvature.
The first splitting load of geo polymer concrete beams indicates somewhat higher
when contrasted with conventional beam.
The yield load and peak load of geo polymer concrete beams slightly more than
conventional concrete.
3. CRITICAL REVIEW ON THE INVESTIGATION OF SHEAR
BEHAVIOR OF HFRC
3.1. Kaize Ma et.al investigated that
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The HFRC had high elasticity and flexural durability as the steel fiber volume
divisions up to 2%. The combination of 1.5% long steel fibers and 0.5% short
steel filaments accomplished the best toughening impact.
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The failure method of the beam specimen was chiefly inclining splitting between
the bearing and loading point.
The extreme deflection of HFRC deep beam are enhanced with the increments of
the volume contact of steel filaments.
3.2. M.Soundar Rajan et.al investigated that
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The peak load conveying limit of flexural beam with three face constrainment was
observed to be 200% more than that of ordinary concrete beam.
The extreme load conveying capacity of flexural beam with three face restriction
was observed to be 63.63% more than that of flexural pillar with single face
confinement.
The combined energy assimilation limit of Flexural beam with three face
constrainment was observed to be 250% more than that of ordinary flexural beam.
3.3. Alaa M Morsy et.al investigated that
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The expansion of 0.75% steel fiber content in the SFRC shafts without shear
stirrups is adequate to accomplish a definitive shear opposition that is equivalent
to the regular RC part with steel stirrups.
In request to accomplish a sensible dimension of flexibility before shear
disappointment of the SFRC part without stirrups, a fiber portion equivalent to or
over 1.25% is required. In any case, higher dosages of fiber content altogether
decline the functionality of solid blend which speaks to a downside for utilizing
steel filaments.
Test results demonstrated that the relative increment in shear quality because of
fiber content was progressively productive for higher estimation of (a/d).
3.4. Bashir H. Osman et.al investigated that
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There is a little increment in the solid shear quality, attributable to the low
commitment of longitudinal steel in the shear limit of the bars stacked on shear
zone.
The essential shear break tendency influences the shear quality commitment of the
shear fortification. Moreover, as the shear break edge decides the quantity of
stirrups met by the split, the stirrup straightforwardly influences the shear quality.
3.5. Anithu Dev et.al investigated that
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All the mechanical properties of HFRC demonstrate significant improvement
contrasted with ordinary concrete. The split elasticity of HFRC was improved by
63% and 3.2% over NC and SFRC separately.
The flexural quality of HFRC was increased by 34.5% and 9.9% over NC and
SFRC separately.
Modulus of elasticity of HFRC was enhanced by 27% and 2% over NC and SFRC
separately..
The inclusion of filaments defers the development of first visible cracks and the
principal crack load for HFRC was obtained as most extreme.
3.6. Nanditha Mandava et.al investigated that
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Sureshkumar Narayanan, Gurupandi Muniasamy, M.Selvaganesh, R.Sriram, S.Sathish raj and
P.Muthu Prakash
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The accompanying amount of fiber 0.5% to 1 % included concrete, and their
quality contrasted and typical blend concrete and thus discovered that the concrete
with polypropylene included is more superior than ordinary blend concrete.
The expansion of fibers increased the flexural quality of concrete essentially. The
fiber reinforced concrete can hold the crack of the concrete and oppose the
concrete beams from falling apart.
3.7. Yazan Alrefaei et.al investigated that
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The strength improvement was progressively articulated in the beams with bigger
steel hybridization, whereas the different splitting behavior was increasingly great
in the beams with larger PE hybridization.
The utilization of mixture fibers in the cementitious glue lattice was compelling in
enhancing the shear quality by 5 to 8 multiple times with respect to the nonfibrous grid. The fibers in the mortar network in-wrinkled the shear quality by
2.5– 3.5 occasions in respect to the non-fibrous lattice.
3.8. Piotr Smarzewski et.al investigated that
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The proportion of least/normal crack spacing and most extreme/normal crack
separating for the beams with mixed fibers was comparative.
The openings had a significant sway on the reduction in split dispersing,
sturdiness and ductility factor.
3.9. A.S.Shelke et.al investigated that
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Hybrid (Crimped steel-Polypropylene) fibers in concrete beams gives better crack
control and distortion characteristic of beams.
Maximum increment of 52.71% in extreme shear stress for beam (Series-I)
containing 2 % filaments was seen when contrasted it and beam without fibers.
Maximum increment of 22.08% in splitting shear stress for beam (Series-I)
containing 2 % strands was seen when contrasted it and beam without fibers.
3.10. Mr. Suhail Shaikh et.al investigated that
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The ideal mix for HFRC profound beams, in light of workability, compressive
quality of mix and shear quality of profound beams, is a blend having 0.9% steel
and 0.3% PP fiber content.
Compressive strength of HFRC cubes increments with increment in fiber content.
In correlation with ordinary concrete, there is increment of 3.83% in strength for
lower fiber content and that of 13.30% for ideal mix.
First crack load of HFRC profound beams increments with increment in fiber
content. In examination with regular concrete beams, beams with ideal mix,
indicated inclusion of 25% in their first break load.
3.11. Ahmad Saudi Abdul-Zaher et.al investigated that
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The shear splitting load and a peak load increment with expanding of the level
of fibers, in light of the fact that the fibers increment the split tensile strength
of concrete.
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In 0.2% and 0.6 % steel strands brought about 12.5 % and 31.25% increment
for the estimations of the main shear splitting load, individually. Be that as it
may, they prompted 11.43% and 28.57% expansion for the estimations of a
peak load, individually.
In 0.2% and 0.6% glass strands prompted the expansion of the level of the
estimation of the main shear splitting load to 5.88% and 18.75%, individually.
Just as, prompted 2.86% and 22.86% expansion for the estimations of a peak
load, separately.
3.12. M.P. Karthik et.al investigated that
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Increasing the side concrete spread to stirrup prompts more extensive askew
crack dividing and incomplete nonappearance of shear crack opening control
at the outside of the components.
Diagonal splitting is chiefly noticed the primary reason causing the distinction
in crack opening displacements at a similar stirrup strain.
Low fiber volume fraction, it is conceivable to acquire material with upgraded
quality and improved sturdiness from hybrid fibers.
3.13. Pitcha Jongvivatsakul et.al investigated that
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Steel strands are the best to expand the shear conveyed by fibers than synthetic
and hybrid filaments when there is sufficient fiber length and holding strength.
The fracture energy influences the askew splitting behavior of fiber RCC
beams.
The proposed author new strategy which can be utilized to examine the shear
conveyed by filaments paying little respect to the types and mix of fibers.
3.14. Achuthankutty A et.al investigated that
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The increment in shear strength of the pillar with the utilization of hybrid
smaller scale and large scale fiber is more prominent than the expansion in the
shear quality of beam when just hybrid fibers are utilized.
The mid span deflection of the RC beam containing hybrid filaments is
observed to be lower than comparing information of the data containing large
scale strands. This shows the hybrid fibers are strength in increasing the
general stiffness of the beam.
3.15. Pitcha Jongvivatsakul et.al investigated that
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The inclusion of steel, manufactured and mixed fibers to concrete beams
fundamentally expands the shear limit of the beams.
Steel filaments are the best to upgrade the shear conveyed by strands when
there is sufficient fiber length and holding strength because of the high rigidity
of steel fibers.
The crack surface displacement is more; the estimation of stress exchanged
over the askew split can be higher if the filaments have better post splitting
behavior in tension.
3.16. Nino Spinella et.al investigated that:
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Sureshkumar Narayanan, Gurupandi Muniasamy, M.Selvaganesh, R.Sriram, S.Sathish raj and
P.Muthu Prakash
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The examination among exploratory and investigative estimations of extreme
shear pressure demonstrates the capacity of the CSM representation as
changed to decide both the breakdown quality of fibrous concrete beam and
the segment where the critical slanting split begins from the base substance of
the beam.
The utilization of fiber factor more noteworthy than 0.5 permits the disparities
of the shear failure for little beams, while for large beams a wide measure of
fibers is expected to acquire a ductile aspect.
3.17. Ana Paula Vedoato et.al investigated that
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The principle variable explored, notwithstanding the impact of steel filaments
and invert load, was the impact of concrete compressive quality: 40 MPa, 60
MPa and 80 MPa.
The consequences of this exploration demonstrated that including filaments
can improve the shear limit of load turn around beams. Concrete beams with
steel fibers had shear qualities under reverse loading like similar beams loaded
without fiber.
3.18. Assist.lec. aamer najim abbas investigated that:
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The hybrid (concrete) containing the steel fibers turns out to be progressively
ductile and the rigidity because of split capture mechanism of steel fibers is
tremendously improved.
Experimental research about on beam which contain high quality concrete and
normal quality concrete in one beam and study impact the layer of high quality
concrete on flexural performance, strain and flexibility.
There improvement in shear quality while intensifying the compressive
strength of concrete.
4. CONCLUSION
In view of the above literature review, the flexural performance of mixed fiber strengthened
concrete research is found in most extreme. The vast majority of the explores were utilizing
distinctive fibers with different extent which must be controlled the smaller scale cracks and
improve the impact vitality, ductility and so on, in concrete. In structures the tensile breaking
is perceptible in pure flexural members and mix of flexure and shear in members. Shear
quality of hybrid fiber strengthened high performance concrete are meager and restricted
warrant further research toward this path.
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Beams with and without Openings”, journal of applied sciences, 8, 2070, (Received: 28
August 2018; Accepted: 21 October 2018; Published: 26 October 2018).
A.S.Shelke, Y. M. Ghugal, Manoj. M. More , Mayur. M. More ,” Experimental Study on
Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams under Shear”, International Journal of
Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol. 6, Issue 4, April 2017.
Mr. Suhail Shaikh, Prof.S.K.Kulkarni, Dr.S.S.Patil,Dr. Halkude S.A,” Effect Of Hybrid
Fibre Reinforcement In Concrete Deep Beams”, Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary
Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-2, 2017, ISSN: 2454-1362.
Ahmad Saudi Abdul-Zaher , Laila Mahmoud Abdul-Hafez,”Shear behavior of fiber
reinforced concrete beams”,Journal of Engineering Sciences Assiut University Faculty of
Engineering Vol. 44 No. 2 March 2016 PP. 132 – 144, Received 25 February 2016;
Accepted 14 April 2016.
M.P. Karthik and D. Maruthachala,” Experimental Study on Shear Behaviour of Hybrid
Fibre Reinforced Concrete Beams”, KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering · August 2014,
pISSN 1226-7988, eISSN 1976-3808. (Received June 14, 2013/Accepted January 31,
2014/Published Online August 30, 2014).
Pitcha Jongvivatsakul, Koji Matsumoto And Junichiro Niwa,”An Experimental Study On
Shear Carried By Fibers Of Frc Beams With Different Fiber Types And Combinations”
Technical Paper Vol.35，No.2，2013.
Achuthankutty A, Ramadass S, Job Thomas,” Shear strength of RC beams containing
hybrid steel fibers”, American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER) e-ISSN : 23200847 p-ISSN : 2320-0936 Volume-2 pp-48-52,2013.
PitchaJongvivatsakul Koji Matsumoto and Junichiro Niwa“Shear Capacity Of Fiber
Reinforced Concrete Beams With Various Types And Combinations Of Fibers” Journal
of JSCE, Vol 1 228-241,2013
Nino Spinella,”Shear strength of full-scale steel fibre-reinforced concrete beams without
stirrups”, Journals of researchgate ,computers and concretes, (Received June 4, 2012,
Revised August 25, 2012, Accepted October 26, 2012) ,Vol. 11, No. 5 (2013) 365-382.
Ana Paula Vedoato,” The Shear Strength of Steel Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Beams”,
IBRACON Structures and Materials Journal • 2011 • vol. 4, (Received: 19 Aug 2010 •
Accepted: 03 Oct 2011 • Available Online: 28 Nov 2011),
Assist.lec. Asamernajim abbas,” Shear Behavior Of Hybrid Reinforced Concrete Beams”,
Al-Qadisiya Journal For Engineering Sciences Vol. 4 No. 1 Year 2011.
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