Reproductive System
Male vs. Female
Engage

You will be watching a development
clip from PBS video Universe Within.
Explore


You will familiarize yourself with the
reproductive glands and their functions
by completing the reproductive system
worksheet in the Blackline Masters.
You will also complete an anatomy
coloring sheet to correctly label the
reproductive components.
Explain

Purpose:

The ultimate goal –




Male Reproductive system

Main function –


formation & union of egg & sperm
development of the fetus
birth of the infant
production and delivery of sperm (male gametes)
Female Reproductive System



Main functions –
produce eggs (female gametes)
provide an environment for fertilized egg to
develop
Reproductive System Manipulative






Obtain a packet of sugar and a stalk of broccoli.
Very carefully pour out the packet of sugar on one
side of your desk.
On the other side of your desk remove all the tiny
floret pieces of your broccoli and place it on the
other side of your desk.
All the sugar granules represent all the eggs a
women has in her ovaries in her lifetime.
The tiny broccoli floret pieces represent the sperm.
Now remove a single egg and a single sperm from
each pile and place them at the top of the desk.


Your body has all these opportunities
to make a human being, but one egg
and one sperm made you.
YOU WERE THE WINNER!!!!
The Endocrine Glands
Hypothalamus
The hypothalamus makes hormones
that control the pituitary gland. In
addition, it makes hormones that are
stored in the pituitary gland.
Pituitary gland
The pituitary gland produces
hormones that regulate many of the
other endocrine glands.
Ovary
The ovaries produce estrogen and progesterone.
Estrogen is required for the development of secondary
sex characteristics and for the development of eggs.
Progesterone prepares the uterus for a fertilized egg.
Testis
The testes produce testosterone,
which is responsible for sperm
production and the development of
male secondary sex characteristics
Testes and Scrotum
Human Male Anatomy

Testes





Sperm produced through meiosis
Takes Over 100 days to produce functional sperm
Mature male produces 300 million/day
Can live 48 hrs inside female
Scrotum


Sac/Location of testes
Environment 3o lower than body temperature
Epididymis and Sperm
Male (cont’)

Epididymis





Contains coiled tubes (seminiferous tubules)
Located in scrotum
Where sperm complete maturing
Stored until released
Vas deferens


Duct/transports sperm from epididymis to
urethra
Peristaltic contractions
Reproductive System
Manipulative


There is approxiamately 100 yards of
seminiferous tubules within the testes
and epididymus.
On a spool of thread there is about
100 yards of string.
Male (cont’)

Urethra


Transports urine and
sperm out of the male’s
body
Sperm

Head



Mid piece



nucleus
Enzymes to penetrate
egg (acrosome)
Many mitochondria
Provide energy for trip
Tail

Propels the sperm
Sperm Development




~100 days to make a sperm from start to
finish:
• 74 days to the production of a semi-motile
sperm
• 20 days for the sperm to traverse the 6-m
(18-ft) length of epididymis while they gain
their motility
• at least six days storage within the vas
deferens before ejaculation.
Fluids in Semen



Seminal vesicles

Pair of glands

Base of urinary bladder

Secretes mucus type fluid

Rich in sugar fructose

Provides energy
Prostate gland

Single doughnut shape

Surrounds top portion of
urethra

Provides alkaline fluid for
movement & survival
Bulbourethral glands

Two tiny glands

Below the prostate

Provides alkaline fluid for
protection against acidic
vagina
Hormonal Control



Changes during puberty are
controlled by hormones
Secreted by the endocrine system
Hypothalamus produces hormones
that interact with and are stored in the
pituitary gland

Pituitary gland: located @ the base of the
hypothalamus & releases



Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Leuteinizing hormone (LH)
They both travel to the testes via blood stream
In the Testes


FSH causes sperm production
LH causes testosterone to be produced

Testosterone: hormone causing secondary
sex characteristics






Growth of sex organs
Production of sperm
Increase of body hair
Increase of body mass
Increase in growth of long bones
Deepening of voice
Reproductive System
Manipulative





Obtain a balloon, straws and sugar
from your teacher.
Sugar - Eggs
Walnut – Ovaries
4 inch Straw – Fallopian Tubes
Balloon – Uterus
Human Female Anatomy

Ovary





Location of egg
production
Two ovaries
Located on either side of
lower abdomen
Uterus


Fallopian Tubes




Tubes that transports
eggs
Connects ovaries to
uterus
Transport is by
peristalsis & beating cilia
Fertilization takes place

Cervix


Contains environment to
allow for the
development of a
fertilized egg
Expands 500 x’s its
normal size during a full
term pregnancy
Neck of the uterus
Vagina


Passageway from uterus
to outside
Copulation takes place
here
Hormonal control


Begins with hypothalamus
Signals pituitary to release
FSH & LH

FSH:



Stimulates the
development of
follicles
Follicles: group of
epithelial cells that
surrounds an
undeveloped egg
Causes ovaries to
release estrogen,
responsible for
2ndary sex
characteristics

Secondary sex
characteristics:






Sex organs
Body hair
Long bones
Broadening of hips
Fat deposits
Menstrual cycle
Menstrual Cycle
Menstrual Cycle



Produces an egg
Prepares uterus for fetus
Ovary produces
progesterone


Progesterone:
causes changes in
lining of uterus
Begins @ puberty, lasts
until menopause



30 to 40 years
Average length of
menstrual cycle 28
days
If egg not fertilized,
uterus lining shed

Menstrual cycle
phases:




Follicular phase:
increase in FSH, LH &
estrogen
Ovulation: high LH,
decrease of estrogen
Luteal phase:
progesterone &
estrogen increase, all
others drop;
corpus luteum develops
Flow phase
(Menstruation):
FSH increases
Egg Development



Starts before female is born
Develops to prophase I
Ovulation:




An egg ruptures from ovary
Passes into oviduct (fallopian tube)
Once a month
Fertilization in oviduct (fallopian tube)
Fertilization and Implantation
Section 39-4
Fallopian tube
Day 2
Day 3
Day 1
Day 4
4 cells
Morula
Day 7
Blastocyst
2 cells
Fertilization
Zygote
Day 0
Implantation of
blastocyst
Uterine wall
Ovary
Egg released
by ovary
Breast Cancer (FYI)




Most common malignancy of US women
180,000 American women
1 in 8 women will develop breast cancer.
Arises from epithelial cells of the ducts,
small clusters of cancer cells grow into a
lump in the breast from which cells
eventually metastasize.
Risk Factors (FYI)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Risk factors:
early onset of menopause
no pregnancies or first pregnancy late in life
history of breast cancer
silicone breast implants
high estrogen concentrations
cigarette smoking
excessive alcohol intake
hereditary defects
70% of women who develop breast cancer have no
known risk factors for the disease.
Early Warning Signals (FYI)




Changes in skin texture
Puckering
Leakage from nipple
Lumps in breast
Early Detection (FYI)


Monthly self breast exam
Mammogram

x-ray that can detect cancer smaller than
1 cm, recommended every 2 years from
women between 40-49 and then yearly
from age 50.
Treatment (FYI)



Radiation
Chemotherapy
Surgery followed by radiation or chemo
Lumpectomy- only cancerous lump
removed.
Simple masectomy- removal of breast
tissue only.
Radical mastectomy- removal of entire
affected breast, muscles, fascia, and lymph
nodes.
STD – Sexually Transmitted
Disease

Bacterial




Chlamydia – 3 million cases every year
Syphilis
Gonorrhea
Viral




Hepatitis B
Genital Herpes
Genital Warts
HIV (AIDS)
Elaborate


Watch the live birth sequence at the
end of Miracle of Life and discuss the
hormones (Endocrine System) role in
labor.
Positive feedback mechanism.