EMPHYSEMA
PRESENTED BY :OMAR HAMDY
AHMED RAMADAN ESHRA
SUPERVISION BY :
DR . HANAN HONEY
50817079
50817005
WHAT IS EMPHYSEMA ?!
• It is a type of COPD.
• Permanent enlargement of the air spaces
and destruction of the alveoli without
significant fibrosis.
•
Alveoli itself does’t enlarge but the space that
enlarge.
CAUSES OF EMPHYSEMA.
•1-Smoking.
• 2-inhalation of polluted air.
PATHPHYSIOLOGY
• Emphysema is initiated when there is imbalance
between
•
Protease.
•
Anti-protease.
• Smoking and inhaled pollutants cause ongoing
accumulation of inflammatory cells, which are the
source of proteases such as elastases that
irreversibly damage alveolar walls.
TYPES OF EMPHYSEMA
SYMPTOMS OF EMPHYSEMA
•
SOME PEOPLE HAVE EMPHYSEMA FOR YEARS WITHOUT KNOWING IT.
•
SOME OF ITS FIRST SIGNS ARE SHORTNESS OF BREATH AND COUGHING, ESPECIALLY DURING EXERCISE OR PHYSICAL
EXERTION.
•
OTHER SYMPTOMS INCLUDE:
1.
FATIGUE.
2.
FAST HEARTBEAT .
3.
CHEST PAIN
4.
WHEEZING AND MORE MUCUS PRODUCTION .
COMPLICATIONS OF EMPHYSEMA
• If left untreated, emphysema can develop into serious complications, such as:
1.
Holes in lungs (giant bullae): These large holes make it difficult for your lung to expand.
They can also get infected and may lead to a collapsed lung.
2.
Collapsed lung(pneumothorax):
This is a life-threatening condition for
people with emphysema because their
lungs are already damaged.
• 3 Heart diseases : Emphysema often increases pressure in the arteries connecting
your lungs to your heart. This can cause an area of your heart to expand and then
weaken.
EMPHYSEMA DIAGNOSIS
Your doctor will begin by getting your background and medical history.
•
Various tests can detect emphysema, including:
I.
imaging tests : such as X-rays and CT scans, to look at your lungs .
II.
blood tests : used to check your red and white blood cell count and Alpha-1 antitrypsin
I.
arterial blood gas tests(ABG): to measure the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide in your blood .
II.
electrocardiogram (ECG): to check heart function and rule out heart disease.
III.
lung functioning tests: which explain how much air your lungs can breathe in and out and how well your lungs deliver
oxygen into your bloodstream .
WHICH PICTURES ARE EMPHYSEMA?
Picture 1
Picture 2
REFERENCE
• https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/89
34.php
• https://www.myvmc.com/diseases/emphysema
/
• Robbins Basic Pathology 10th_