CHAPTER 11
IDENTIFICATIONS
Write a short description of the following. Answers should include who or what, when and where, and the
historical significance
1.
2.
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5.
6.
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8.
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10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Francis I
Charles V
Martin Guerre
Erasmus
The Praise of Folly
Martin Luther
Justification by Faith
Indulgences
Ninety-Five Theses
Protestant
Reformation
Leipzig Debate
Peace of Augsburg
Ulrich Zwingli
Anabaptists
John Calvin
The Institutes of the Christian Religion
Huguenots
Henry VIII
Church of England
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
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38.
39.
"Bloody Mary"
Elizabeth I
Ximénez de Cisneros
Jesuits
Ignatius Loyola
Baroque
Council of Trent
Teresa of Avila
Spanish Inquisition
Philip II
Catherine de Medici
St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
Henry of Navarre
Spanish Armada
Thirty Years' War
Ferdinand II
Albrecht von Wallenstein
Gustavus Adolphus
Peace of Westphalia
MULTIPLE CHOICE
40.
During the Reformation
A) The Papacy was suspended for thirty-five years
B) Christianity divided into Protestantism and Catholicism
C) The Holy Roman Emperor regained all the power that he had once held during the Middle Ages
D) The Mongols conquered Europe
41.
Because of the Reformation
A) Spain became Protestant
B) John Calvin became the last non-Italian pope before John Paul II
C) France had bitter religious wars between Catholics and Protestants (Huguenots)
D) After a brief Protestant interlude, England became firmly Catholic under Elizabeth I
42.
Of these early 16th century rulers, pick out the correct match of ruler and country
A) Francis I--France
B) Suleiman the Magnificent--England
C) Henry VIII--the Holy Roman Empire and Spain
D) Charles V--Ottoman Empire
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43.
The Habsburg-Valois wars
A) Led to a victory for France
B) Led to victory for Charles V
C) Led to victory for Henry VIII
D) Were expensive, exhausting, and indecisive
44.
Warfare in the 16th century
A) Used a combination of muskets and pikes
B) Became so costly that it strained the resources of even the wealthiest monarchs
C) Saw important developments in military administration to supply the growing armies
D) All of the above
45.
The northern European intellectual often called the "Prince of Humanists" was
A) Thomas Aquinas
B) John Calvin
C) Desiderius Erasmus
D) Thomas More
46.
Erasmus anticipated some of the ideas of the Reformation by his advocacy of
A) A separation from the church of his day
B) Biblical reading for all Christians
C) A greater devotion to the seven sacraments
D) The priesthood of all believers
47.
Martin Luther denounced indulgences because
A) His concept of Justification by Faith meant to him that indulgences were useless for Christian
salvation
B) The princes of Germany did not wish indulgences, and Luther believed that he should back
them
C) Luther believed that the popes should have consulted him beforehand on the matter
D) None of the above
48.
For Martin Luther the concept of Justification by Faith meant
A) That all sacraments were worthless
B) That no Christian should perform good works
C) That Christians were saved through the grace of God and not through their own efforts
D) That only by living the life of a monk could one develop the faith necessary for salvation
49.
Luther's Protestantism was characterized by all of the following except
A) The priesthood of all believers
B) Emphasis on the individual's relationship to God
C) Emphasis on reading the Bible
D) The establishment of a new religious hierarchy paralleling that of the Catholic Church
50.
Luther's ideas spread rapidly in 16th century Europe
A) Because several important German princes adopted them in their realms
B) Because they offered a simple and elegant solution to the query--how do I know that I am
saved?
C) Because printing presses produced numerous widely read pamphlets permitting many people to
pick up Luther's ideas easily and quickly
D) All of the above
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51.
The Protestant Reformation
A) Had no real effect on German peasants; they simply followed the lead of the princes and cities
that supported the Reformation
B) Was strongly opposed by the peasantry, whose strong traditionalism led to the defense of all
old religious habits even though peasant understanding of religious doctrine was minimal
C) Led peasants, already upset by inflation and escalating payments to landowners, to adopt strong
protests couched in terms reflecting Lutheran ideas on scripture
D) Led the German nobility to take greater concern over the worsening economic plight of the
peasants
52.
The Peace of Augsburg in 1555
A) Established the Lutheran Church in Germany as an alternative to the Catholic Church
B) Meant the triumph of Charles V over the German princes
C) Permitted the pope to regain some of the authority he had lost in Germany because of the
Reformation
D) Meant the end of the Catholic Church in Germany
53.
The early leader of the Reformation in Switzerland, a contemporary of Luther, was
A) Erasmus
B) Zwingli
C) Calvin
D) Ignatius Loyola
54.
Luther and Zwingli agreed on most of their religious beliefs, but differed bitterly over
A) The interpretation of the Eucharist
B) The need for reading Scripture
C) The priesthood of all believers
D) The uselessness of indulgences
55.
The Anabaptists of the 16th century
A) Appealed primarily to the upper middle class of German cities
B) Undertook a radical revolution in the Netherlands, led by Ulrich Zwingli
C) Sided with the papacy in the Reformation
D) Rejected infant baptism in favor of adult baptism
56.
The French scholar whose teachings on the Reformation appealed to many of the well-to-do
throughout Europe was
A) Machiavelli
B) Calvin
C) Menno Simons
D) Melchior
57.
The theological doctrine most commonly associated with Calvin was
A) Predestination
B) Justification by faith
C) Seven sacraments
D) Priesthood of all believers
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58.
Calvin's success as a Reformer is best explained by
A) His ability to cooperate with Reform-minded princes
B) The extreme unpopularity of the papacy in Geneva
C) His ability to establish a church organization that could survive where the civil authorities were
hostile
D) None of the above
59.
Henry VIII of England
A) Strongly supported the Reformation from the beginning
B) Expected papal approval of his annulment of his marriage with Catharine of Aragon because
popes had traditionally deferred to kings in these matters
C) Was forced by Parliament to undertake the Reformation
D) None of the above
60.
The "Act of Supremacy"
A) Was rejected by the English Parliament
B) Declared Henry VIII to be the "Supreme head of the Church of England" without actually
making that church Protestant
C) Was strongly opposed by Anne Boleyn
D) Declared justification by faith to be a doctrine binding on all Englishmen
61.
The significance of the short reign of Edward VI was that
A) It was during this period, rather than during the reign of Henry VIII, that England really
became Protestant
B) Though dying young, Edward left a daughter, Elizabeth I, to maintain the Protestant tradition in
England
C) John Calvin became so impressed by the Reformation in England that he settled there
D) England was dominated by Edward's mother, Anne Bolyen
62.
The best description of Elizabeth I's religious policy is that
A) A strong Calvinist, she reorganized the Church of England along the lines of The Institutes of
the Christian Religion
B) As a moderate Protestant, she opposed Catholics, but permitted all Protestants to worship
together even if they had different doctrinal beliefs
C) As a strong supporter of the Church of England, she persecuted not only Catholics but also
those Protestants who did not share her doctrinal beliefs
D) As the real originator of the Puritan movement, by the time of her death, she left the English
Church in doctrinal and disciplinary chaos
63.
In the period of the Reformation, the Catholic Church
A) Virtually dissolved, not to be reconstituted for a century and a half
B) Undertook its own Reformation spearheaded by rigorous religious scholarship in Spain and by
new religious orders such as the Jesuits
C) Adopted most Protestant doctrines but retained the supremacy of the pope
D) None of the above
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64.
The Jesuits
A) Were a vigorous Catholic religious order that acted in the vanguard of the Catholic
Reformation
B) Were a Protestant society that tried to spread Lutheranism in countries where the princes
supported Catholicism
C) Were the last of the Medieval knightly Crusader orders, suppressed during the Reformation
D) None of the above
65.
The Council of Trent, the Spanish Inquisition, and the mysticism of Teresa of Avila were all part of
A) The Renaissance
B) The Catholic Reformation
C) The Lutheran Reformation
D) The Crusades
66.
The Council of Trent
A) Decided that each German prince could decide what type of Christianity should prevail in his
domain
B) Reached an agreement between Luther, Zwingli, and Calvin over Protestant doctrine
C) Was held to end the Habsburg-Valois wars
D) Defined Catholic doctrine during the Reformation
67.
In attempting to define Catholic beliefs during the Reformation era, the Council of Trent declared
A) That there were eight sacraments, six more than the number acknowledged by Luther
B) That the sale of indulgences be continued, though the occasions of the sale be restricted
C) Insisted that both faith and good works were essential for salvation
D) All of the above
68.
The importance of Teresa of Avila, the Inquisition, and Philip II in the Catholic Reformation
A) Shows that Spain was a major center of the Catholic Reformation
B) Shows that the Council of Trent was a failure
C) Shows that Italy had become Protestant
D) Shows that England remained Catholic
69.
The 16th century king most closely associated with the Counter-Reformation was
A) Charles V
B) Henry II
C) Francis I
D) Philip II
70.
The Wars of Religion
A) Involved France, Spain, the Dutch, and Germany
B) Led to a series of major Catholic victories, nearly destroying Protestantism
C) Led to a series of Protestant victories, nearly destroying Catholicism
D) None of the above
71.
During the French Wars of Religion
A) The French nobility became strongly anti-Protestant
B) There was a major massacre of French Protestant leaders on St. Bartholomew's Day, August 24,
1572
C) Catherine de Medici took advantage of the chaos to usurp the French throne
D) All of the above
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72.
The Religious Wars in France ended because
A) Catherine de Medici, the real cause of the war, died
B) The St. Bartholomew's Day massacre killed so many French Protestants that the movement
collapsed
C) Henry of Navarre, a Protestant survivor of the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre, became
Catholic, satisfying most of his subjects
D) The pope, who had been the real cause of the wars, was succeeded by a more tolerant and
pacific pontiff
73.
Philip II of Spain
A) Tried to suppress Calvinism in the Netherlands through the "Tribunal of Blood"
B) Found that the Dutch war diverted his attention from his attempt to defeat the Turks in the
Mediterranean
C) Launched the Spanish Armada against England to punish Elizabeth I for supporting a Protestant
rebellion in the Netherlands
D) All of the above
74.
The Thirty Years' War began
A) When Philip II sent the Spanish Armada against England
B) When Charles V deliberately broke the Peace of Augsburg
C) When a Protestant religious revolt against the Catholic Habsburgs began in Bohemia
D) None of the above
75.
After the Reformation
A) Few people suffered religious anxiety because both Protestantism and Catholicism claimed to
provide clear answers for the troubled soul
B) There was forged, especially in Protestant countries, a strong link between education and work
C) The ideals and practices of marriage did not change, because Luther was a traditionalist on
these matters
D) All of the above
76.
The major political problem in the Holy Roman Empire that permitted a religious revolt in
Bohemia to escalate into the Thirty Years' War was
A) That by law, the title of Emperor passed from a Catholic prince to a Protestant Prince and back
to a Catholic prince, etc.
B) That the seven electors who chose the Emperor were split, three Protestant, three Catholic, and
the seventh was the King of Bohemia, whose control was therefore necessary for the
Habsburgs to maintain their position as Emperor
C) The Bohemian rebels favored the king of France, who therefore threatened to end the Habsburg
monopoly of the imperial throne
D) The chaos resulting from the Bohemian insurrection threatened to permit the pope to name the
next emperor, something that no German prince, whether Catholic or Protestant, desired
77.
The Thirty Years' War ended because
A) Ferdinand II totally defeated the Protestants of Germany
B) Gustavus Adolphus made himself the first Protestant Holy Roman Emperor
C) All sides were exhausted, with the most important rulers and generals on each side dead
D) The Bohemian revolt at long last succeeded after thirty years
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