Educational learning
"the study and ethical practice of facilitating
learning and improving performance by creating,
using and managing appropriate technological
processes and resources"
O educational technology refers to:
 all valid and reliable applied education
sciences
 Educational technology is the process
of integrating technology into education
in a positive manner that promotes a
more diverse learning environment and
a way for students to learn how to use
technology as well as their common
assignments.
Historical view
O This concept is traced to the description of by Vannevar
Bush in 1945.
O Slide projectors were widely used during the 1950s in
educational institutional settings.
O In
the mid 1960s Stanford University
psychology
professors
Patrick
Suppes
and
Richard
C.
Atkinson experimented with using computers to teach
arithmetic and spelling via Teletypes to elementary school
students in the Palo Alto Unified School District in California
Historical view
O In 1971, Ivan Illich published a hugely influential book
called, Deschoolig Society, in which he envisioned "learning
webs" as a model for people to network the learning they
needed. The 1970s and 1980s saw notable contributions in
computer-based learning by Murray Turoff and Starr Roxanne
Hiltz.
O By the mid-1980s,
accessing course content became
possible at many college libraries. In computer-based training
(CBT) or computer-based learning (CBL), the learning
interaction was between the student and computer drills or
micro-world simulations.
Historical view
O 1990s, teachers embarked on the method using emerging
technologies to employ multi-object oriented sites, which are
text-based online virtual reality systems, to create course
websites along with simple sets of instructions for its
students.
O By 1994, the first online high school had been founded. In
1997, Graziadei described criteria for evaluating products
and developing technology-based courses that include
being portable, replicable, scalable, affordable, and having
a high probability of long-term cost-effectiveness
Historical view
O According to a 2008 study conducted by the U.S Department
of Education, during the 2006–2007 academic year about
66% of postsecondary public and private schools
participating in student financial aid programs offered some
distance learning courses.
O 2015 was the first year that private nonprofit organizations
enrolled more online students than for-profits, although
public universities still enrolled the highest number of online
students. In the fall of 2015, more than 6 million students
enrolled in at least one online course
Synchronous and asynchronous
O Synchronous learning occurs in real-time, with all
participants interacting at the same time,
O
asynchronous learning is self-paced and allows
participants to engage in the exchange of ideas or
information without the dependency of other
participants′ involvement at the same time.
Collaborative Learning
O “Collaborative learning” is an umbrella term for a
variety of educational approaches involving joint
intellectual effort by students, or students and
teachers together. Usually, students are working
in groups of two or more, mutually searching for
understanding, solutions, or meanings, or creating
a product.
O Collaborative
learning
(CL)
represents a significant change
in the typical classroom where
the teacher is at the center of the
process.
Why Use Collaborative Learning?
O Development of higher-level thinking, oral
O
O
O
O
communication, self-management, and leadership
skills.
Promotion of student-faculty interaction.
Increase in student retention, self-esteem, and
responsibility.
Exposure to and an increase in understanding of
diverse perspectives.
Preparation for real life social and employment
situations.
criticism
1. technology monopolizes an activity.
2. Insufficient methods of teaching
3. Time Lost
4. Upkeep and Maintenance Expenses
5. Replacing books with e-books-
6. Extinct of good handwriting
Assessment
O There are two distinct issues of assessment. First,
there is the issue of assessing learning
technologies and the learning outcomes they
support.
O Second, there is the issue of using technologies for
the purposes of assessing students.
Assessment of technology
O There is a great deal of apprehension associated with assessing the
effectiveness of technology in the classroom and its development of
information-age skills. This is because information-age skills, also
commonly referred to as twenty-first-century literacies, are relatively
new to the field of education. According to the New Media
Consortium, these include “the set of abilities and skills where
aural, visual, and digital literacy overlap”.
O Jenkins modifies this definition by acknowledging them as building
on the foundation of traditional literacy, research skills, technical
skills and critical-analysis skills taught in the classroom
O Technology for assessment is used in many
countries, and an example is the Organization for
Economic Co-operation and Development’s
Program for International Student Assessment
(PISA) test.