Name:
Date:
Central Dogma (Molecular Genetics) Practice
Directions: Highlight the correct answer choice in yellow.
1. The backbone of DNA consists of ______.
a. nitrogenous bases
b. a repeating sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate pattern
c. adenine and guanine
d. a repeating sugar-nucleotide-sugar-nucleotide pattern
2. Which of the following lists the four bases contained in DNA?
a. adenine, guanine, purine, thymine
b. guanine, pyroline, thymine, uracil
c. adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil
d. adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine
3. RNA contains ______, whereas DNA contains ______.
a. cytosine . . . guanine
b. a deoxyribose sugar . . . a ribose sugar
c. nucleotides . . . nucleic acids
d. uracil . . . thymine
4. In a DNA double helix, adenine pairs with ______ and guanine pairs with ______.
a. guanine . . . adenine
b. uracil . . . cytosine
c. thymine . . . cytosine
d. cytosine . . . thymine
5.
If one strand of a DNA double helix has the sequence GTCCAT, what is the sequence of the
other strand?
a. CAGGTA
b. CAGGUA
c. TGAACG
d. CUGGTU
6. DNA is termed a "double helix" because ______________.
a. it is composed of two polynucleotide strands
b. it has twice as much guanine as cytosine
c. some of its bases are double-ringed
d. that was a popular slang term at the time
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7. After replication, ______.
a. each new DNA double helix consists of two old strands
b. each new DNA double helix consists of two new strands
c. each new DNA double helix consists of one old strand and one new strand
d. one new DNA double helix consists of two old strands and the other new DNA double
helix consists of two new strands
8. Transcription is the ______.
a. manufacture of a new strand of DNA complementary to an old strand of DNA
b. manufacture of 2 new DNA double helices that are identical to an old DNA double helix
c. manufacture of a protein based on information carried by RNA
d. manufacture of a strand of RNA complementary to a strand of DNA
9. Where does transcription take place?
a. in the mitochondria
b. at the ribosomes
c. in the nucleus
d. in the cytoplasm
10. How many nucleotides make up a codon?
a. one
b. two
c. three
d. four
11. If a strand of DNA has the sequence AAGCTC, transcription will result in a(n) ______.
a. single RNA strand with the sequence UUCGAG
b. DNA double helix with the sequence AAGCTC for one strand and TTCGAG for the
complementary strand
c. single RNA strand with the sequence TTCGAG
d. single DNA strand with the sequence TTCGAG
12. Translation converts the information stored in ______ to ______.
a. DNA . . . a polypeptide
b. RNA . . . DNA
c. DNA . . . RNA
d. RNA . . . a polypeptide
13. The DNA codon AGT codes for an amino acid carried by a tRNA with the anticodon ______.
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a.
b.
c.
d.
UCA
AGU
TCA
TCU
14. What organelle is involved in translation?
a. ribosome
b. nucleolus
c. lysosome
d. smooth ER
15. If adenine makes up 20% of the bases in a DNA double helix, what percent of the bases are
guanine?
a. 80%
b. 20%
c. 40%
d. 30%
16. What name is given to the physical traits seen in an organism?
a. genotype
b. phenotype
c. holotype
d. karyotype
17. Assume that a cell is carrying out its day-to-day activities. At one point, the nucleotides GAT are
paired with the nucleotides CUA. This pairing occurred _____________.
a. when an mRNA codon paired with a tRNA anticodon
b. during DNA replication
c. during translation
d. during transcription
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18. When messenger RNA (mRNA) is being made, the RNA base ______ always pairs with the
DNA base _____.
a. U ... A
b. T ... A
c. A ... U
d. U ... T
19. Given the DNA gene sequence below, what RNA sequence would be transcribed and amino acid
sequence translated from this?
TAC ACC CAC TAT AGG ATT
20. BONUS QUESTION: A scientist inserts a radioactively labeled DNA molecule into a bacterium.
The bacterium replicates this DNA molecule and distributes one daughter molecule (double helix)
to each of two daughter cells. How much radioactivity will the DNA in each of the two daughter
cells contain, compared to the parent cell?
a. the same amount
b. twice as much
c. half as much
d. none
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