Therapy and Psychology Perspectives
Therapy and Psychology Perspectives
Perspective
Psychoanalytical/
Psychodynamic
Cognitive
Behavioral
Key Psychologists
Cause of Psychological Disorders
Goal of Treatment
Key Terms
Sigmund Freud
Unconconscious internal conflicts, Gain insight into unconscious Free association
often stemming from childhood internal conflicts
Resistance
trauma/events
(ex.
parent
Transference
relationship)
Interpretation
Albert Ellis
Aaron Beck
Irrational and faulty thought Cognitive restructuring processes
and
perceptions changing the thoughts and
(cognitive distortions).
replacing irrational thoughts
with rational thoughts.
Mary Cover Jones
Joseph Wolpe
Learned classically conditioned Unlearn maladaptive behavior Classical conditioning
responses or operantly learned and learn more adaptive (counterconditioning)
behavior through reinforcement.
behavior.
Exposure therapy
B.F. Skinner
Ivan Pavlov
Allow associations (ex. fear of
elevators) to become extinct.
Rational-Emotive Behavioral
Therapy (REBT)
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Cognitive distortions
Cognitive restructuring
●
Systematic desensitization
● Flooding
Aversion/Aversive Therapy
Operant conditioning
Token economy
Humanistic/Humanism
Carl Rogers
Low self-esteem/self-acceptance
interrupting personal growth
Gain insight into what is
stopping self-acceptance and
personal growth by setting up
the conditions that would
enable patients to choose to
help themselves.
Client-centered approach
Active Listening
Unconditional positive regard (as
opposed to conditional)
Genuineness
Acceptance
Empathy
Biological
N/A
Brain chemistry imbalance.
Correct chemical imbalances.
Psychopharmaceuticals
●
Antipsychotic
●
Antianxiety
●
Antidepressants
● Mood-stabilizing drugs
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
Therapy and Psychology Hand Perspective Directions
The objective of this assignment is to create a reliable mnemonic for
approaching questions that relate to the major perspectives in
psychology. These perspectives are sometimes found within their own
units (ex. cognition, behaviorism, biology), but also during the course of
more comprehensive units (ex. humanism, psychoanalysis).
Knowing the difference between these five major perspectives is critical
for the multiple-choice portion of the AP Exam. There is a 99.9% chance
you will encounter at least one question that forces you to identify which
perspective is being discussed in the prompt. Often times those
questions are within the context of psychological disorders (as was the
case with the first handful of online multiple-choice questions).
For this assignment you will:
Step One:
Use the template (or create your own) to describe how the assigned
finger represents the specific perspective.
Step Two:
Create visuals within the hand diagram/around to further reinforce the
concept.
Step Three (optional):
Create an additional method of remembering which finger represents
each perspective (ex. P C Be H Bi creating a sentence)
Note:
Knowing the definition of each perspective alone is not sufficient for
answering all possible questions - it is also essential to be able to identify
that token economies are based on the principles of behaviorism.