Running head: EXPLANATION OF KINGS CONCEPTUAL SYSTEM
Explanation of King’s Conceptual System and Theory of Goal Attainment
Kellie Crothers
Purdue Global University
MN502
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EXPLANATION OF KINGS CONCEPTUAL SYSTEM
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Explanation of King’s Conceptual System and Theory of Goal Attainment
The purpose of this assignment is to discover the usefulness of a conceptual model and to
understand the focus and goal of the model. There is a reciprocal relationship between
conceptual models of nursing and nursing practice. The model influences clinical practice by
having a framework of standards to follow and in turn, nursing provides data that can be used to
determine the credibility of the conceptual model being used (Butts & Rich, 2018). Research of
conceptual models have shown better patient outcomes (Torakis & Smigielski, (2000). Nursing
conceptual models emphasize the promotion of wellness and prevention of illness with a focus
on the patient, the conceptual model discussed in this paper is King's conceptual system and
theory of goal attainment
Conceptual System
Imogene King is one of the few nurse theorists to develop a middle- range theory from
her framework, the conceptual system (Khowaja, 2007). King’s model uses an interactive system
approach using the four metaparadigms of person, health, nurse, and environment. The
definitions are as follows: definition of person is personal systems (individual), interpersonal
(individuals interacting with one another), and social systems (groups with similar goals). The
personal system is the individual themselves, the person, whether healthy or ill. The person
gathers information and uses the information to assist him or her in understanding another
individual or group. The concepts of person are perception, self, growth, and development, body
image, time, personal space and learning. The interpersonal system is how the person interacts
with others, which include the nurse-patient relationship. The concepts include interaction,
communication, transaction, roles, stress, and coping. A social system is an organized group with
similar goals with the concept of authority, decision making, organization, power, and status.
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King identifies the environment as holistic and continuously changing, the environment is
considered internal and external. Health is a process of human growth and development and
implies continuous adjustments to stressors of growth and development and nursing is focused
on human beings and the acts of humans ( Butts & Rich, 2018). Nursing is a process of action,
reaction, and interaction with a person by which nurse and patient share information about their
perception in any environment (Khowaja, 2007). This interaction, if perceived correctly will
create a transaction to occur. The framework is based on the assumptions of nursing interaction
with human beings in any environment. and the goal is health promotion, maintenance, and
restoration, caring for the ill and dying (Kowaja, 2007).
Theory of Goal Attainment
The theory of goal attainment was theorized from the interaction of three systems
systems. King’s definition of the metaparadigm person, the three systems interacting in the
environment with the assumption the nurses focus is on the person, and the nursing goal is
healthcare of individuals and groups, and understanding that human beings are open systems
continually interacting with their environment. With this assumption, the propositions are, if
perceptual interaction is accurate and received during the nurse-patient interaction, a transaction
will occur. If the nurse and patient make a transaction, then goals will be attained. If goals are
attained, then satisfaction will occur. If transactions are made in the nurse-patient interaction,
growth and development will be enhanced. If nurses with specialized knowledge and skill
communicate information appropriately to the patient, goal setting and goal attainment will occur
(Khowaja, 2007). If role expectations occur as perceived by the nurse and patient, the transaction
will occur, but if role conflict is experienced by either party, a stressful interaction will occur,
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and the transaction will not occur. Transactions are critical for goal attainment to occur.
According to King’s conceptual model, relationships and effective communication are
requirements to ensure this framework works.
Value of the Framework
Models are refined over time according to patient outcome data, changes in practice,
research, and theoretical understanding (Tracy & Grady, 2018). Studies have shown that when a
conceptual model is used, there is a significant increase in patient satisfaction and outcomes.
According to Khowaja (2007), during the utilization of King's conceptual system, nursing care
showed there were significantly better patient outcomes during pre and postoperative, patient
satisfaction, staff satisfaction, during discharge, and follow up. As the evidence shows, having a
framework to guide nursing practices, patients have better outcomes and patient satisfaction
increases.
Conclusion.
King is a nurse theorist who formed a middle-range theory called goal attainment from
her conceptual system. The model focuses on the nurse-patient interaction and transaction
occurring if the interaction is successful. The problem with this model’s theory of goal
attainment is if the interaction between nurse and patient is not successful than patient goals will
not be obtained and a new strategy needs to be taken. Models cannot be directly applied to
practice, middle-range theories serve as theories that can be applied, and the concepts within the
middle-range theory must be consistent with the nurse’s conceptual model (Butts & Rich, 2018).
King’s model can be adopted in many settings and theories from that model is easily
EXPLANATION OF KINGS CONCEPTUAL SYSTEM
incorporated into the nursing process. The literature shows the importance of choosing a model
for nursing practice.
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References
Butts, J.B., & Rich, K.L. (2017). Philosophies and theories for advanced nursing practice (3rd
ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Barlett Learning
Khowaja, K. (2007). UTILIZATION OF KING'S INTERACTING SYSTEMS FRAMEWORK
AND THEORY OF GOAL ATTAINMENT WITH NEW MULTIDISCIPLINARY
MODEL: CLINICAL PATHWAY. Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, 24(2), 44-50.
Retrieved from https://libauth.purdueglobal.edu/login?url=https://search-proquestcom.libauth.purdueglobal.edu/docview/236088445?accountid=34544
Torakis, M. L., & Smigielski, C. M. (2000). Documentation of model-based practice: One
hospital's experience. Pediatric Nursing, 26(4), 394-7, 428. Retrieved from
https://libauth.purdueglobal.edu/login?url=https://search-proquestcom.libauth.purdueglobal.edu/docview/199391936?accountid=34544
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