FLOW OVER A SHARP
CRESTED WEIR
Chittagong University of
Engineering and Technology
Dept. of Civil Engineering
GROUP-B1(4)
ID:1601084
1601085
1601086
1601087
1601088
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.Introduction
2.Theory
3.Procedure
4.Calculation
5.Result
6.Discussion
7.Application
Introduction
A weir with a sharp upstream
corner or edge such that the
water springs clear of the crest
is a sharp-crested weir. It is
commonly used in large scale
situations. For small scale
applications, weirs are often
referred to as notches and
invariably are sharp edged.
THEORY
 In a sharp-crested weir, the thickness of the weir
is kept less than half of the height of water on
the weir, i.e; b<H/2
where,
b=Thickness of the weir.
H=Height of water above the crest of the weir.
The discharge equation for a sharp-crested weir,
remains the same as that of rectangular weir &
rectangular notch, i.e;
Q=
𝟐
𝟑
𝐂𝐝 × 𝐛 𝟐𝐠 × 𝐇
where,
𝑪𝒅 =Co-efficient of discharge.
𝟑
𝟐
PROCEDURE
At first, the
pump was
started & to get
the uniform flow
4-5 minutes
were needed.
Then the bench was
adjusted regulating
the valve to give the
first required head
level of approximately
10mm.
Collected data
was used to
plot graphs.
Time was
counted through
a stop watch till
water reaches the
required level.
The pressure
head was
observed
after that.
Depth of water
level was fixed.
CALCULATION
Depth of water, dw = (110-30)mm=8cm
Volume of water = (45×30.5×8) cm3
= 10980 cm3
Time to fill, T= 18.1 sec
𝐕𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐦𝐞
Actual Discharge, Qa =
𝐓𝐢𝐦𝐞
𝟏𝟎𝟗𝟖𝟎
=
cm3/sec
𝟏𝟖.𝟏
= 606.63 cm3/sec
𝐂𝐨𝐞𝐟𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐠𝐞, 𝐂𝐝 =
Pressure head, H = (37-10)mm = 27mm
= 2.7 cm
Thickness of the weir, b = 7.5 cm
Theoretical Discharge,
𝐐𝐭 =
𝟐
=
𝟑
𝟐
𝟑
× 𝒃 𝟐𝒈 × 𝑯
𝟑
𝟐
× 𝟕. 𝟓 × 𝟐 × 𝟗𝟖𝟏 (𝟐. 𝟕) cm3/sec
= 982.57 cm3/sec
𝐐𝐚
𝐐𝐭
𝟑
𝟐
=
𝟔𝟎𝟔.𝟔𝟑
𝟗𝟖𝟐.𝟓𝟕
= 𝟎. 𝟔𝟐
RESULT
Qa Vs H Graph
800
1000
Qa (Actual Discharge in cm3/sec)
Qa (Actual Discharge in cm3/sec)
Qa Vs Qt Graph
700
600
500
y = 0.618x
400
300
200
100
0
100
10
0
200
400
600
800
1000
Qt (Theoretical Discharge in
1200
cm3/sec
1400
1
10
Pressure Head,H(cm)
 The co-efficient of discharge from graph, Cd = 0.62
 The co-efficient of discharge from calculation, Cd = 0.61
 The exponent of H = 1.45
100
DISCUSSION
 The experiment has been done very carefully. We have found the
Cd 0.62 and the exponent of H 1.45 where the standard value of
these are 0.65 and 1.50 respectively. Though maximum
precautions were maintained, some errors have been occurred.
The meniscus reading was not found accurately as it was not hold
in a stable position. There was some shakings and vibrations which
might have affected the value. The apparatus is old, so there may
have some mechanical errors and the fluid flow was not fully
uniform. Also there was some inaccuracy in recording time in the
stopwatch (human error) and plotting the points in the log paper
was also not hundred percent accurate. All these factors together
contributed to the error for which the ideal value could not be
found rather a value quite near to the ideal value was calculated.
APPLICATION
The data gained from flow rate calculations over a
rectangular sharp-crested weir can be used in a number of
ways:
 Flood control and general water management policies are
often designed on the basis of such data.
 The data can be used to determine if a hydroelectric
project would be possible or profitable.
 It can also be useful for environmental impact studies,
specifically in determining how the weir would affect the
ecosystem of a stream or river.
 Irrigation is also benefited from this kind of data.
THANK
YOU