BOT-2 Fine Motor
Assessment
By: Hannah Reed Holmes and Megan Holloway
Key Characteristics
 Age: 4 - 21 years and 11 months old
 Domains: (Subtests)
 Fine Motor Precision
 Draw, cut, or fold within a specific boundary
 Fine Motor Integration
 Reproduce drawings of geometrical shapes that range in complexity
 Visual tracking with coordinated arm and hand movement
 Manual Dexterity
 Speed and Accuracy, timed
 Reaching, grasping, and bimanual coordination with small objects
 Upper-Limb Coordination
 Measures visual tracking with coordinated arm and hand movement
 Catching, dribbling, and throwing a tennis ball
Key Characteristics cont’d
 The purpose is to assess different measures of fine
motor skill proficiency
 Supporting Diagnosis of Motor Impairments
 Screening
 Making Placement Decisions
 Developing and Evaluating Motor Training Programs
 Assisting Clinicians and Researchers on Evaluation of
Programs
Testing Procedures
 Composite Form
 Fine Manual Control
 Manual Coordination
 Select Subtests Form




Fine Motor Precision
Fine Motor Integration
Manual Dexterity
Upper Limb Coordination
Testing Procedures cont’d
 Administration ManualStandardized
 Examiner’s exact words in
bold
 Number of trials in box
 Pictures of how
performance should look
 Number of times examiner
can demonstrate item
 Time Limit in box
Examples of Test Items
 Fine Motor Precision
 Filling in Shapes- Circle
 Filling in the Shape- Star
 Fine Motor Integration
 Copying Circle
 Copying Square
 Manual Dexterity
 Making dots in circles
 Card Sort
 Upper-Limb Coordination
 Dropping and Catching a Ball- Both Hands
 Dropping and Catching a Ball- One Hand
Test Development
 1979 Original BOTMP created
 BOTMP was separated into gross and fine motor.
 BOT-2 was created to analyze more specific components of fine
motor and gross motor.
 Evaluation of both items were compared and certain testing items
eliminated.
 BOT-2 expanded coverage of fine and gross motor skills.
 Improved measurement among 4 and 5 year olds.
 Extended norms through age 21.
 Improved item presentation.
 Improved quality of kit equipment.
Test Standardization
 Standardization
 Uniform procedures for administration & scoring
 Rules, number of trails, and time limits
 Scores are compared to age-based norms
 n= 1,520 examinees
 Ages 4 years of age to 21 years and 11 months of age
 Based on the Current Population Survey (Bureau of the Census, 2001)
 Standardized Populations: African American, Hispanic, White, & Other
 Item Bias Review
 Gender
 Ethnicity
 Socio-economic
Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency
Reliability
Test-Retest Reliability
Total Composite
Ages 4-7 (.95)
Ages 8-11 (.95)
Ages 12-21 (.96)
Total Composite Correlation
Ages 4-7 (.84)
Ages 8-12 (.85)
Ages 13-21 (.79)
Total Composite Correlation
Ages 4-21 (.98)
Short Form
Ages 4-7 (.82)
Ages 8-11 (.84)
Ages 12-21 (.87)
Short Form Correlation
Ages 4-7 (.86)
Ages 8-12 (.87)
Ages 13-21 (.80)
Short Form Correlation
Ages 4-21 (.98)
Fine Manual Control
Ages 4-7 (.88)
Ages 8-11 (.85)
Ages 12-21 (.90)
Fine Manual Control Correlation
Ages 4-7 (.81)
Ages 8-12 (.54)
Ages 13-21 (.48)
Fine Manual Control Correlation
Ages 4-21 (.91)
Manual Coordination
Ages 4-7 (.89)
Ages 8-11 (.86)
Ages 12-21 (.86)
Manual Coordination Correlation
Ages 4-7 (.62)
Ages 8-12 (.70)
Ages 13-21 (.64)
Manual Coordination Correlation
Ages 4-21 (.98)
Ages 4-7 (n=43); (7-35 days)
Ages 8-11 (n=44); (7-42 days)
Ages 12-21 (n=47); (10-42 days)
Interrater Reliability for Subtests,
Composites, and Short Form by
Age
Psychometric Properties cont’d
 Test Content- When updating the
BOT-2, only functional items that
were proven to test its subtest title
with moderately high factor were
kept.
 Criterion- Concurrent with 1-2
studies; demonstrates adequate
agreement with a criterion or gold
standard measure
 Construct (Internal Structure)- The
BOT-2 uses a composite structure
that distinguishes fine motor skills on
the basis of the limbs and
musculature involved in object
manipulation related to functional
activities.
Correlation of BOT-2
Scores with PDMS-2
(Fine Motor Quotient)
Scores Ages 4-5
Correlations of BOT-2
Scores with TVMS-R
(Visual Motor Skills)
Scores Ages 4-13
Total Motor Composite
Correlation (.77)
Total Motor Composite
Correlation (.62)
Fine Motor Precision
(.61)
Fine Motor Integration
(.42)
Fine Manual Control
(.55)
Manual Dexterity (.53)
Fine Motor Precision
(.55)
Fine Motor Integration
(.72)
Fine Manual Control
(.70)
Test Length/Cost
 Fine Motor Composite Form:
 20-30 minutes to administer
 10 minutes needed to prepare the testing area
 Fine Motor Short Form
 5-10 minutes to administer
 5 minutes needed to prepare the testing area
 Cost of Fine Motor BOT-2 Kit $515.00
 Kit includes Manual, Supplemental Manual, Administration Easel,
Record Forms (25), Target, Shuttle Block, Balance Beam, Knee
Pad.
 Cost of Complete BOT-2 Kit $837
Scoring
 Recording Item
Raw Score
 Convert Raw Score
to Point Score
 Make Notes and
Observation During
Administration
 Computing Subtest
Total Point Scores
Interpretation and Results
 Gives a good baseline for
strengths and weaknesses.
 Can choose between
subtests and use ones that
apply the most.
 When explaining to parents,
first identify average to above
average scores, then
address the below average
areas that can be improved
with OT.
Areas of Occupation
 Education participation
 The fine manual control subtest of the BOT-2 is
particularly useful in screening for academic readiness in
young children.
Assessment
Approach/Environment
 Assessment Approach:
 Bottom up
 Looks at components that are
necessary for functional
occupational performance
during short activities (not
specific occupations)
 Environment:
 Educational Setting
 Rehabilitation center/Health Care
Setting
 Home
Frame of Reference /
Measurement Concerns
 Frame of References:
 Motor Control and Motor Learning
 Biomechanical and Rehabilitative
 Measurement Concerns:







Examinee inattention with test length
Poor test environment
Inability to establish rapport
Examiner incompetency
Substitute for the standardized tools
Difficult to use with children who have disabilities
Test cost
Resources
 Bruininks, R. H., & Bruininks, B. D. (2005). BOT2:
Bruininks-Oseretsky test of motor proficiency : manual
(2nd ed.). Minneapolis, Minn.: Pearson Assessments.
 Clinical Assessment. (n.d.). Home. Retrieved June 3,
2014, from http://www.pearsonclinical.com