VYGOTSKY’S SOCIOCULTURAL THEORY
LEV VYGOTSKY
FACTORS OF VYGOTSKY’S
SOCIO-CULTURAL THEORY
1.Social Interactions
2.Cultural Factors
3.Language
“The teacher must orient his work not on yesterday’s
development in the child but on tomorrow’s.”
Scaffolding
- is the systematic manner of providing
assistance to the learner that helps the learner to
effectively acquire skill.

More Knowledgeable Other (MKO)
- is with the guidance of a competent adult or a
more advanced peer, the child can perform at a
higher level of competency.

Zone of Proximal Development
-The higher level of performance then
eventually becomes the learner’s actual
performance when he works independently in the
future.

ECOLOGICAL THEORY
URIE BRONFENBRENNER
“We as a nation need to be reeducated about the
necessary and sufficient conditions for making human
beings human. We need to be reeducated not as
parents – but as workers, neighbors, and as friends;
and as a members of the organizations, committees,
boards – and, especially, the informal networks that
control our social institutions and thereby determine
the conditions of life for our families and their
children.”
-Urie Bronfenbrenner
BIOECOLOGICAL MODEL
1. Microsystem
- is the layer nearest the child. It comprises structures
which the child directly interacts with.
2. Mesosystem
- this layer serves as the connection between the
structures of the child’s microsystem.
3. Exosystem
- this is the third layer and contains the elements of the
microsystem which do not affect the individual directly, but may
do so indirectly.
3. Macrosystem
-this layer is found in the outermost part in the child’s
environment.
MACROSYSTEM
MESOSYSTEM
MICROSYSTEM
THE INDIVIDUAL