1. The table shows the conditions in four test-tubes containing equal amounts of starch and
salivaryamylase.
In which test-tube is the starch broken down fastest?
2. The diagram shows part of the alimentary canal and associated organs.
Which structures secrete enzymes that digest proteins?
A T and U
B U and V
C V and W
D W and T
3. The graph shows pH changes in the mouth after eating. Why is it a good idea to brush teeth after
eating?
A Acidic conditions help bacteria to grow.
B Acids dissolve tooth enamel.
C Alkaline conditions help bacteria to grow.
D Alkalis dissolve tooth enamel.
3. (a) Define the term enzyme.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) (i) Fig. 3.1 shows a diagram of part of the human alimentary canal and associated organs. Name
the structures labelled A, B, C and D. Write your answers on Fig. 3.1.
(ii) Fig. 3.2 also shows a diagram of part of the human alimentary canal and associated organs. On
Fig. 3.2, draw label lines with letters to show:
E where hydrochloric acid is made
F where bile is made
G where amylase is made
H where egestion occurs.
(c) (i) State where digested food is absorbed.
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Digestion of carbohydrate produces glucose. Describe the absorption of glucose.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [2]
4. Which term is defined as the taking of substances into the body through the mouth?
A absorption
B assimilation
C digestion
D ingestion
5. Which nutrient is deficient in the diet of a child with kwashiorkor?
A calcium
B iron
C protein
D vitamin D
6. The diagram shows a tooth with signs of decay.
What has made the hole in the enamel of the tooth?
A acid
B saliva
C sugar
D toothpaste
7. Fig. 2.1 shows the human alimentary canal
(a) Choose words from the list to label the structures A, B, C, D and E.
anus
large intestine
liver
oesophagus
rectum
small intestine
stomach
Write your answers on Fig. 2.1. [5]
pancreas
(b) Two types of muscle move food along the alimentary canal.
(i) Name the two types of muscle. .
............................................................... and ................................................................[1]
(ii) State the name of the process that moves the food.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(iii) Describe how the muscles in (b)(i) move food along the alimentary canal.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
(c) Scientists have invented a radio transmitter, which fits into a small tablet. When this tablet is
swallowed, the pH along the alimentary canal is shown on a computer. Fig. 2.2 shows the changes in
pH as the tablet travels along the alimentary canal.
(i)
On Fig. 2.2 write the letter X to show when the tablet was inside the stomach. [1]
(ii) Give a reason for your answer to (c)(i).
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(iii) State the highest pH that was detected by the tablet. ...................................................[1]
(d) Name the part of the alimentary canal where most of the digested food is absorbed.
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 13]
8. A person has their gall bladder removed.
Which statement is correct?
A They cannot eat carbohydrates.
B They can eat fat only in small amounts.
C They can eat only liquid food.
D They must not eat more than one large meal a day.
9. The diagram shows two food tests carried out on solution X.
Which nutrients are present in solution X?
A protein and starch
B protein and sugar
C starch and fat
D starch and sugar
10. The diagram shows an experiment on the digestion of the protein in egg albumen by protease.
The protease was taken from a human stomach.
In which test-tube will the protein be digested most quickly?
11. Which effect does a gradual decrease in pH from 13 to 1 have on the action of amylase?
A slows it down only
B slows it down then speeds it up
C speeds it up only
D speeds it up then slows it down
12. The diagram represents a protein molecule.
What do the small circles represent?
A amino acids
B fatty acids
C glycerol
D simple sugars
13. Poor nutrition can lead to a condition called rickets in which bones fail to develop properly.
The table shows some minerals and vitamins present in four foods.
Which food would be best for a child who has rickets?
14. Which components make up most of the dry mass of a balanced diet?
A calcium compounds, carbohydrates and fats
B carbohydrates, fats and proteins
C fats, proteins and vitamins
D proteins, vitamins and calcium compounds
15. Small molecules are used as the basic units in the synthesis of large food molecules.
Which statement is correct?
A Amino acids are basic units of carbohydrates.
B Fatty acids are basic units of glycogen.
C Glycerol is a basic unit of oils.
D Simple sugar is a basic unit of protein.
16. A food stain on a table cloth is where meat cooked in oil has been spilt.
It is washed in a biological washing powder.
Which combination of enzymes should be in the washing powder to remove the stain?
A amylase and lipase
B lipase and protease
C pectinase and amylase
D protease and pectinase
17. Fig. 6.1 shows the alimentary canals of two mammals, an insect-eating bat, which is a carnivore,
and a rabbit, which is a herbivore.
(a) Name the organs labelled V and W. V
........................................................................................................................................ W
....................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) Explain the role of mechanical digestion.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [3]
Scientists investigated digestion in different species of mammal. The mammals that they studied
ranged in size from an elephant shrew, Elephantulus edwardii, with a mass of 50 g to an ox, Bos
taurus, with a mass of 220 kg. The scientists added indigestible particles to the animals’ food and
timed how long the particles stayed in the digestive system. The results for 24 different mammal
species are shown in Fig. 6.2.
The scientists concluded that food stays longer in the digestive systems of larger mammals compared
with smaller mammals.
(c) Discuss the evidence from Fig. 6.2 for and against the statement that food stays longer in the
digestive systems of larger mammals.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [4]
[Total: 9]
18. The following symptoms can be caused by a dietary deficiency:
● bone pain
● dental problems
● fragile bones
● skeletal deformities
A lack of which nutrient is most likely to cause these symptoms?
A iron
B protein
C vitamin C
D vitamin D
19. Statements 1– 4 describe stages in the development of cholera.
1 Chloride ions are secreted in the gut.
2 Osmosis causes water to move into the gut.
3 The infected person becomes dehydrated.
4 Toxins are produced by the pathogenic bacteria.
What is the correct sequence of the four stages?
A1→2→3→4
B1→4→3→2
C4→1→2→3
D4→1→3→2
20. The diagram shows a human tooth
Which statement best describes the function of this tooth?
A It bites into food.
B It cuts food.
C It grinds food.
D It tears food.
21. The graph shows the effect of pH on the activity of three different enzymes.
The table shows the pH of different parts of the alimentary canal.
Which enzymes in the graph are likely to be protease enzymes?
A X, Y and Z
B X and Z only
C Y and Z only
D Z only
21. Two functions of the alimentary canal are mechanical digestion and chemical digestion. (a)
Outline where and how mechanical digestion occurs in the alimentary canal
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[4]
(b) Enzymes catalyse the reactions of chemical digestion. Table 1.1 gives information about chemical
digestion in three parts of the alimentary canal.
Complete Table 1.1.
(c) Substances that are absorbed from the alimentary canal may enter cells and become part of the
cells.
(i) State the storage carbohydrate made from glucose in liver cells.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) State the type of protein used in the immune system that is produced from amino acids by
lymphocytes. .......................................................................................................................................[1]
(iii) Fat is produced from fatty acids and glycerol by cells in the fatty tissue beneath the skin.
State one function of this layer of fat.
.......................................................................................................................................[1] [Total: 10]