Name: ​_KEY_________________________________________________________ ​ Period: _______
Unit 3 Exam Review: Biochemistry & Cells
Priority Standard: HS-LS1-6
Supporting Standard: HS-LS1-2
Supporting Standard: HS-LS1-3
1. Explain and draw a picture of an atom, labelling the subatomic particles and their charges:
2. What do each of the subatomic particles tell us about the atom, and which are involved in chemical
bonds?
THE PROTONS IDENTIFY THE ATOM
THE NEUTRONS AFFECT THE MASS AND DETERMINE ITS DECAYING ABILITY
THE ELECTRONS DETERMINE THE BONDING ABILITY
3. Describe the parts of a chemical reaction. What happens to these parts when a chemical reaction
takes place?
THE REACTANTS ---> THE PROJECTS
THE REACTANT REARRANGE AND MAY FORM NEW BONDS OR SEPARATE INTO SINGLE
ELEMENTS
4. Which elements on the periodic table are most important to living things? ​CARBON
Why is carbon such a special element in organic molecules? ​IT HAS THE ABILITY TO BOND WITH
MANY DIFFERENT ELEMENTS, IT CAN FORM MOLECULES THAT ARE IN CHAINS OR RINGS
5. Complete the following information on the four major organic macromolecules:
Macromolecule
(elements)
Carbohydrates
(__CHO__)
Lipids
(__CH_)
Nucleic Acids
(_CHONP_)
Monomers ​(Building
Blocks)
Functions in Living Things
MONOSACCHARIDES/
SIMPLE SUGARS
STORES ENERGY
FATTY ACIDS
GLYCEROL
STORES ENERGY LONG TERM
Polymers
(Names of the large
molecules they form)
CARBOHYDRATES
STARCHES
CUSHIONS
NUCLEOTIDES
DNA, RNA
STORES GENETIC INFORMATION
AMINO ACIDS
Proteins
PROVIDES STRUCTURE
POLYPEPTIDES
(__C,H,O,N__)
6. What is the relationship between chemical bonds and energy??
THE BONDS STORE ENERGY SO WHEN THE BONDS BREAK, ENERGY IS RELEASED.
a. Give an example of a molecule that stores a lot of energy, and a molecule that stores a much
smaller amount of energy. What is the difference between them?
ATP CAN STORE ENERGY BUT GLUCOSE STORES MUCH MORE.
THE SIZE OF THE MOLECULE AND THEREFORE THE BONDS IN THE MOLECULES
VARY.
7. When you eat food, your body turns it into simple sugars. What does your body then use these for?
1. ​TO MAKE ATP
2. ​FOR ENERGY USED IN CELL PROCESSES
8. What are enzymes? How do they work? What conditions causes them to lose their function?
A BIOLOGICAL CATALYST
TOO HIGH/TOO LOW Ph OR TEMPERATURE; LOW CONCENTRATION OF THE ENZYME
Cells & Cell Transport (Chapter 7)
9. List the 3 parts of the cell theory
_​ALL CELLS COME FROM OTHER CELLS​__________
_​ALL LIVING THINGS ARE MADE OF ONE OR MORE CELLS​__
_​THE CELL IS THE BASIC UNIT OF ALL LIVING THINGS​_____
10. Complete the table comparing and contrasting EUKARYOTES and PROKARYOTES
Prokaryotes
●
●
●
NO MEMBRANE BOUND
ORGANELLES
NO NUCLEUS
SIMPLE
Example of an organisms that is
prokaryotic:
BACTERIA
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
●
●
HAVE DNA
BOTH HAVE
CHROMOSOMES
Eukaryotes
●
●
●
MEMBRANE BOUND
ORGANELLES
NUCLEUS
COMPLEX
Example of an organisms that is
prokaryotic:
ANIMALS/PLANTS/FUNGI/PROTISTS
11. Complete the concept map about cell transport using these terms:
Passive transport
Active transport
Osmosis
Simple diffusion
Pumps (Sodium
potassium pump)
Exocytosis
Endocytosis
Facilitated diffusion
Bulk or vesicle
transport
12. Check the statements related to ​passive transport:
__​X​__ It is a process where particles tend to move from an area where they are ​more concentrated
to​ an area where they are ​less concentrated​.
______ It is a process where particles tend to move from an area where they are ​less concentrated
to​ an area where they are ​more concentrated​.
_____ It is a process that requires energy
__​X​__ Simple Diffusion
_____ Vesicles
__​X​__ Facilitated diffusion
_____ Protein channels
_____ Pumps
____ ATP
13. Describe one process a cell can use to help ​maintain homeostasis​.
ANY SORT OF TRANSPORT ACROSS THE MEMBRANE
14. Explain why grocery stores mist water over fresh vegetables like lettuce? Assume that ​SOLUTES CAN
NOT MOVE​!​ Make sure to use the specific vocabulary that explains what is happening to the
water at the cellular level.
MISTING VEGETABLES KEEPS THEM FROM DYHYDRATING… WATER WILL MOVE OUT OF
THE CELLS INITIALLY BECAUSE IT’S MORE CONCENTRATED INSIDE THE CELLS. ONCE
THEY BECOME DEHYDRATED WATER WILL MOVE IN IF WATER IS PRESENT, WHICH IT WILL
BE IF WE MIST!
15. What would happen to those vegetables if the water that was misted over them was salty? Draw a
pictures that shows the concentration of salt and draw arrows to show the movement of water.
WATER WILL MOVE OUT TO “DILUTE” THE
CONCENTRATION OF SALT AND BALANCE OUT THE
CONCENTRATION OF WATER MOLECULES.