Chemical Bonds Cheat Sheet
Chemical Bonds Cheat Sheet
Bonds
Force keeping atoms and molecules together is called bond. If bond binds atoms together, then we call
it chemical bond. However, if bond bind molecules together, we call it molecular bond.
Chemical Bonds:
There are two types of chemical bonds;

Ionic bond

Covalent bond
Lewis Structures of Atoms
Representations of the valence electron around symbol of elements with dots. For example;
11Na=1s
2
2s22p63s1
As you can see Na has one valence electron in its outermost shell. We show it with Lewis formula;
Na●
1. Ionic Bond:
It is the bond between positively and negatively charged ions. Metals and nonmetal atoms join together with
ionic bond. Metal atom lose electron and becomes positively charged and nonmetal atom accept electron and
becomes negatively charged. Force keeping ions together is electrostatic attractive force.
2. Covalent Bond:
If atoms share their valence electrons during bonding process, we call it covalent bond. There is no electron
transfer. This type of bond is seen in between two or more nonmetal atoms. To have covalent bond, atoms
must have at least one half filled orbital. Covalent bond between H2 molecule is shown below;
Polarity of Bonds
In bonds, forming between two same atom, electrons are attracted by equal forces. We call
these bonds nonpolar covalent bonds. If covalent bond is formed between two different atoms having
different electronegativity, then force acting on shared electron by the atoms becomes different. These types of
bonds are called polar covalent bonds.
Metallic Bonds
Bond that keeps metal atoms together is called metallic bond.
Molecular Bonds
Atoms bonded with covalent bonds produce molecules and these molecules attract each other and form
secondary bonds. We examine these bonds under three titles, Vander Waals Bond, Dipole-Dipole Interactions
and Hydrogen Bond.