Prepared by:
Maricar B. Macalam, MOB
Components:
1) Heart
2) Blood
3) Blood vessels
a) Arteries
b) Veins
c) Capillaries
Heart
 Contraction of the heart
provide the pressure
necessary to propel blood
through the body
 Protective covering =
pericardium
 About the size of a fist,
weigh 300 g, hollow,
cone-shaped
 Apex – bottom, tilted
toward the left hip
 Base – top, points
towards the right
shoulder
 Heart sounds – lub dub
Chambers of the Heart
 a muscular wall called SEPTUM separates the heart
into left and right sides
 Atria – upper chamber; collecting chamber
1) Right atrium – receives deoxygenated blood from 3
veins:
 SVC Superior vena cava – from upper region on
the body
 IVC inferior vena cava – from lower region on the
body
 Coronary sinus – from the heart itself
2) Left atrium - receives oxygenated blood from lungs
via the pulmonary veins
Chambers of the Heart
 Ventricles – lower chamber; pumping
chamber
3) Right ventricle – pumps deoxygenated
blood towards the lungs via pulmonary artery
4) Left ventricle - pumps oxygenated blood to
the body via the aorta (largest artery in the
body); 3x thicker than right ventricle
Cardiac valves
 Chambers are guarded by valves that serve to prevent
backflow of blood into the previous chamber
 Regurgitant/insufficient valve – “leaky” valve that do not seal
when closed
 Stenotic valve – “stiff’ valve that cannot open directly
 4 types




Tricuspid valve
Mitral valve
Semilunar valve
Aortic semilunar valve
heart valve diseases:
Pathway of blood in the heart
Blood
Blood vessels
 Vein
 Thin-walled; large lumen
 Pumped blood back to the heart
 Artery
 With thick elastic wall; small lumen
 Pumped blood away from the heart
 Capillary - where actual gas exchange occur
through diffusion