Name
1-Benzyl Alcohol
structure
mood
____________
2-Ethylen oxide
3-Disulfiram
inhibition of
enzymatic
oxidation of
CH3CHO in the
body
4- hexamine atropine
uses
Preservative
Anesthetic
___________
Starlization
for
thermolabial
___________
alcoholism
___________
treatment
Urinary tract
infection
___________
5-chlorinated phenols
antibacterial
6-Benzoic acid
chemicals
Bis(3,5,6-trichloro-2hydroxy phenyl) methane
antiseptic
and
antifungal
Keratolyticanti fungal
7-salicylic acid
8-methylene blue
Small dose:methemoglobinemia
reduce ferric to ferrous .
large dose: cyanide poisoning
9-nitrofurazone
-Woun
-Burns
10-furazolidone
Orally:
diarrhea
Local :vaginal
infc
11- nitrofurantoin
urinary tract
12- nalidixic acid
gorise inhibition
side effect :
Cleating agent
2-oxazolidinone
Name
structure
mood
uses
13- Aminosalicylic acid
↓bactrial DNA through competitive
PABA
Chelates with cell wall
14-Isoniazid (INH)
↓the
biosynthesis of
mycolic acids
Active only
against dividing
mycobacteria
15-Ethionamide
chemicals
Anti T.B
Anti T.B
Like INH
16-Ethambutol (Etibi)
17-Sulfones=Dapsone
Anti T.B
↓bactrial DNA
through
comatitive PABA
18-Pamaquine
19-Metronidazole
(Flagyl)
20-Tinidazol
21-Secnidazole
22-Diloxanide furoate
Anti leprosy
antimalarial
Pro drug
Similar
metronidazol but
short duration of
action
Like tinidazol
Anaerobic
bacteria
–
antiamoebic
amebiasis
amebiasis
asymptomatic
SAR
‫اخر صفحه‬
23-Piperazine citrate
Nematoda
24) 8Hydroxyquinoline
antiameba
25- Thiabendazole
Nematoda
26- Albendazole
as a single dose in Ascaris,
Ancylostomaand
multiple-dose therapy in pin worm
and thread worm infestation.
27- Niclosamide
Take saline
purgative to avoid
mature eggs .
28- Praziquantel
↑cell membrane
To kind of
permeability of
bilharzia
susceptible worms
resulting in loss of
extra cellular Ca.
paralysis followed by
phagocytosis of
parasite
Anti fungal
29- Salicylic acid
Cestodes
‫الدواء يقطع الدودة‬
Keratolytic
30- Clioquinol
Enzyme ↓
OH
N
1
Cl
local fungal such
as athletes foot
‫هذا افضل من الدواء‬
‫اللي فوق يطلع‬
‫الدودة من دون‬
‫البيض‬
Name
structure
31- Tolnaftate
mood
Enzyme ↓
S
O
C
N
CH3
CH3
32- Flucytosine
↓ nuclic acid
↓protein
CH2
F
N
O
synthesis
N
uses
local
superficial
tinea inf. of
the skin
-antifungal
Orally
candida
albicans
H
33-Clotrimazole
34-Miconazole
Nitrate
Absorbed
orally but not
used for GIT
irritation .
1-Topically
→cream
2-Vaginally →
candidasis
3- IV →
systemic
fungal inf.
Not orally
Fungal inf
Shampoocream
N
N
CH2CHOCH2
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
35-Ketoconazole
N
O
N
N
N
O
O
H O
Cl
36-Pyrantel pamoate
Cl
COOH
N
OH
OH
S
COOH
N
CH 3
2
Topical ; tinea
inf
inhibits the
worm’s
acetylcholine
estrase
producing
treatment of
pinworms
chemicals
Sulfonamides
Nh2 → should be para position , un substituent except acylation .
→ Essential for activity. Substitution at( ortho or meta) position
destroys Activity .
So2 NH2 → sacondry , substituent E.W.G
1-sulfonamido for systemic infection : orally
2- intestinal :
3-opthalmic I :
sulfacetamide sodium.
4- burn :
Silver sulfadiazine is very slightly soluble and not absorbed and releases
sulfadiazine slowly .
5- urinary tract infections :
______________________________________________________________________________
Isoniazid (INH):
Ethionamide :
Dapsone :
TTT → leprosy .
m.o.a : like sulfonamide
Mood of action :
Inhibit Bactria DNA . through competitive to PABA .
SAR of Pamaquine or 8-Aminoquinolines :
1) 6-Methoxy group is not essential,(6-hydroxyl)is quite active, 6-ethoxyl
has little activity
while 6-methyl is inactive.
2 ) Additional substituent on the aromatic ring tend to decrease both
activity and toxicity.
3 ) Reduction of the quinoline ring, retain the activity but lower the potency
and toxicity.