Class
Dosage Form
PENICILLINS
(Cell wall inhibitors)

Penicillin V

* *Hives, Rash
Amoxicillin
(Amoxil®)
** Diarrhea, Rash
Amoxicillin + Clavulonic
(Augmentin®)
** Diarrhea, Rash
Powder for Oral Solution:
125mg/5ml
250mg/5ml
Tablets:
250mg
500mg
* 125mg to 500mg every 6-8 hours for 5-10days (qid,
5-10 days)
* Take on empty stomach with 240mL of water

Powder or Oral Suspension:
50mg/mL
125mg/5mL
200mg/5mL
250mg/5mL
400mg/5mL

3g single dose bottle

Tablets, Chewable:
125 mg
250mg

Capsules:
250mg
500mg

Tablets:
500mg
775mg
875mg
* 250mg to 500mg every 8 hrs (qid)
* 500mg to 875mg every 12 hrs (bid)
* Take on empty stomach with 240mL of water

Oral Suspension
‘125’: Amo 125mg + Cla 31.25mg (banana)
‘200’: Amo 200mg + Cla 28.5mg (orangeraspberry)
‘250’: Amo 250mg + Cla 62.5mg (orange)
‘400’: Amo 400mg + Cla 57mg
(orange-raspberry)
ES-600: Amo 600mg + Cla 42.9mg (orangeraspberry)

Chewable Tablets
‘200’: Amo 200mg + Cla 28.5mg
‘250’: Amo 250mg + Cla 62.5mg
‘400’: Amo 400mg + Cla 57mg

Tablets
‘250’: Amo 250mg + Cla 125mg
‘500’: Amo 500mg + Cla 125mg
‘875’: Amo 875mg + Cla 125mg
XR extended release: Amo 1000mg + Cla 62.5
mg
* 1 Augmentin ‘500’ every 8 hrs (qid)
* 1 Augmentin ‘875’ every 12 hrs (bid)
* Take it with meal, increase absorption
* Take chewable tablets with 240mL of water
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Contraindications &
Precautions
Hypersensitive
Coss-sensitivity: 5%-16%
Pregnancy Category B
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Patient Consultation

Refrigerate
Hypersensitive
Coss-sensitivity: 5%-16%
Renal function
Colitis
Pregnancy Category B

Refrig. discard after 14 days
Hypersensitivity
Coss-sensitivity: 5%-16%
Renal functioin
Colitis
C. difficile
Pregnancy Category B

Keep in the fridge, discard after
10 days
Two 250 tablets do not equal
one 500 tablet.

CEPHALOSPORINS
(Cell wall inhibitors)


1st Gen
Cephalexin
(Keflex®)

**Diarrhea, Hives Itching,
Rash
2ND Gen
Cefuroxime Axetil
(Ceftin®)
* Diarrhea, Hives, Itching,
and Rash
3rd Gen
Cefdinir
(Omnicef®)
*Diarrhea
Suspension: 100mg/5mL, 125mg/5mL,
250mg/5mL
Tablets:
250mg
500mg
Capsules:
250mg
500mg
750mg
* 250mg-1g/6hrs (4/day)
* Take with empty stomach

Suspension:
125mg/5mL
250mg/5mL

Tablets:
250 mg
500 mg
*250mg-500mg 2/day
* Tablets can be taken without food
* Suspension with food can increase
absorption

Powder Suspension:
125mg/5mL
250mg/5mL
60mL and 100mL bottles (Strawberry
flavor)

Capsules:
300 mg
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Hypersensitivity to penecillins
and/or cephalosporins
Cross sensitivity 5% to 16%
Renal function impairment
Pseudomembranous colitis
Pregnancy Category B

Refrig., discard after 14 days
Hypersensitivty to penecillins
and/or cephalosporins
Cross sensitivity: 5% to 16%
Renal function impairment
Pseudomembranous colitis
Pregnancy Category B


Discard after 10 days
Store cool (2-25 C)& dry & light
Hypersensitivity to penicillin or
cephalosporin
Cross Sensitivity 10%
Renal function impairment
Pseudomembranous colitis
Clostridium difficile
Pregnancy Category B


Discard after 10 days
Store cool & dry & light
Contraindicated:
Hypersensitive to Teracycline
Precaution with:
Children <8
Impaired renal function
Lactation (only if it outweigh
risks)
Clostridium difficile
Pregnancy Category D


Avoid exposure to light
Store cool & dry & light
Contraindicated:
Hypersensitive to Teracycline
Precaution with:
Children <8
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
Store cool & dry & light
Away from children
* 600mg/day in 1-2 doses

No acid or iron within 2 hours
TETRACYCLINES
Binds to 30S ribosomal
subunit


Doxycycline
(Vibramycin®, VibraTabs®)



Capsules:
50mg
100mg
Tablets:
100mg
Syrup:
(Raspberry/ Apple-flavored suspension)
50mg/5mL
Powder for Oral Suspension: (Raspberry
flavored)
25mg as monohydrate/5mL
Power for injection:
100mg/vial
200mg/vial
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*100 mg/ 12 hr
* Take on empty stomach with 240mL of
water
* Take it with food or milk if GI upset
Minocycline
(Minocin®)

Capsules:
50mg
100mg
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200mg initially followed by
100mg/12hrs
* Take on empty stomach with 240mL of
water
* Take it with food or milk if GI upset
* No antacids within 2hr
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
Tetracycline
(Sumycin®, Panmycin®)


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Capsules:
250 mg
500mg

* 250mg -500mg, 2-4/day
* Take on empty stomach with 240mL of
water
* No dairy, antacids, laxatives, iron
supplements within 2hr
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MACROLIDES
Binds to the 50s
ribosomal subunit
Azithromycin
(Zithromax)
*Diarrhea
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Clarithromycin
(Biaxin)
* Diarrhea
Tablets:
200 mg
500 mg
600 mg
Z-pak contains 6 250 mg tablets
Tri pak contains 3 500 mg tablets
Zmax powder Suspension 2g
azithromycin
Suspension:
300mg (100mg/5mL)
600mg
900mg
1200mg (each containing
200mg/5mL)
Powder for injection:
500mg azithromycin in lyophilized
form
* 500mg first day, 250mg/day for 4 days
* May be taken without food
* No antacids within 1 hour

Tablets:
250mg
500 mg

Tablets extended release:
500 mg

Suspension: 125mg/5mL (vanilla)
250mg/5mL (fruit)
* 1000mg/day for 7-14 days
* Take Biaxin XL tablets with food
* Biaxin can be taken without food
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Impaired renal function
Lactation
Clostridium difficile
C. difficile should be
considered in all cases of
persistent or severe diarrhea
Benign Intracranial
Hypertension (rare)
Pregnancy Category D
Contraindicated:
Hypersensitive to Teracycline
Precaution with:
Children <8
Impaired renal function
Lactation
Clostridium difficile
C. difficile should be
considered in all cases of
persistent or severe diarrhea
Benign Intracranial
Hypertension (rare)
Pregnancy Category D


Avoid exposure to light
Stop use and contact doctor if
blurred vision and severe
headaches
Hypersensitivity to macrolides or
ketolides
Pseudomembranous colitis
Impaired hepatic function.
Secondary bacterial infections
Do not use for complicated
pneumonia, gonorrhea, or syphilis
Pregnancy Category B

Store cool & dry & light
Hypersensitivity to any macrolide
antibiotic
Use caution in pregnant and
nursing women
Pseudomembranous colitis
Clostridium difficile
Renal impairment
Pregnancy category C

Store at room temp. Discard
after 14days
After each dose use fluids to
rinse medication from the
mouth

FLUROQUINOLONES
Second Generation

Tablets:
100mg (Cystitis Pak)
250mg
500mg
750mg
Tablets, extended-release:
500mg
1000mg
Oral suspension:
100mL (5% or 10%)
Injection:
200mg in 20mL (1%)
100mL in 5% dextrose (0.2%)
400mg in 40mL vials (1%)
200mL in 5% dextrose (0.2%)


* 250mg- 500mg/ 12hrs
* Drink 240mL of water with each dose
* may take it with or without meal

No antacids, calcium, zinc, iron. It
can only be taken 2 hrs before or 6
hrs after these products
* Stop therapy at the fist sign of skin rash
or other allergic reaction, if patient feels
pain, inflammation or rupture of a
tendon

Tablets:
250mg
500mg
750mg

Oral solution:
25mg/mL

Injection (concentrate):
25mg/mL in 20 & 30mL vials

Injection (premix):
5mg/mL in 50, 100, & 150mL
containers

Inhibit DNA gyrase
Ciprofloxacin
(Cipro®)
* Rash



Third Generation
Levofloxacin
(Levaquin®)
* Tendinitis, Tendon
rupture
* 500mg q24h for 7days
* Drink 240mL of water with each dose
* May take it with or without meal

No antacids, sucralfate, calcium,
zinc, iron. It can only be taken 2 hrs
before or 6 hrs after these products
* Stop therapy at the fist sign of skin rash
or other allergic reaction, if patient feels
pain, inflammation or rupture of a
tendon
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Fourth Generation
Moxifloxacin
(Avelox®)


Tablets:
400mg
Injections (premix):
400mg with 0.8% NaCl in 250mL
flexible bags
* 400mg/day for 5 days
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
Hypersensitivity to quinolones
Use caution in:
Pregnant
Children
Adolescents
Known or suspect CAN disorders
Predispose to seizures
Avoid in patient with receiving
theophylline
Needs to be well hydrated to avoid
crystalluria
Convulsions
Increased intracranial pressure
Psychosis
Serious and sometimes fatal
hypersensitivity reactions
Ruptures of the shoulder, hand, &
Achilles tendons
Pregnancy category C

Hypersensitivity to quinolones
Use caution in:
- Known or suspect CAN disorders
- Predispose to seizures
- Impaired liver function
- In nursing months
Periodic liver function test should be
performed during prolonged (>21
days) therapy
Avoid in patients:
- With uncorrected hypokalemia
- Receiving class IA (quinidine,
procainamide)
- Receiving class III (amiodarone,
sotalol, antiarrhythmic agents)
- < 18 years old
Convulsions
Increased intracranial pressure
Psychosis
Prolongation of the QT interval
Serious and sometimes fatal
hypersensitivity reactions
Ruptures of the shoulder, hand, &
Achilles tendons
Pregnancy category C

Hypersensitivity to quinolones
Use caution in:
- Known or suspect CAN disorders
- Predispose to seizures
- In nursing months
Avoid in patients:
- prolonged QT inter cal
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If missed do NOT double
dose
Shake well for 15 seconds
Avoid sunlight
Susp store at room t* or
refrigerate. Discard after
14days
May cause dizziness or
light headedness. Caution
if using while operating
machinery or mental
alertness required
Don’t take antacids, zinc,
iron with Cipro
Don’t chew, crush, or slit
Cipro XR tablets
Complete full course
therapy
If miss a dose, take it asap
but do no double dose
Shake 15 second
suspension before use
Avoid prolong exposure
to light
Store cool & dry & light
Away from children
Monitor blood glucose if
taking an anti-diabetic
medication, stop if
hypoglycemic reaction
occurs
Complete full course
therapy
If miss a dose, take it asap
but do no double dose
Shake 15 second
suspension before use
Avoid exposure to light,
* Drink 240mL of water with each dose
* May take it with or without meal

No antacids, sucralfate, calcium,
zinc, iron. It can only be taken 2 hrs
before or 6 hrs after these products
* Stop therapy at the fist sign of skin rash
or other allergic reaction, if patient feels
pain, inflammation or rupture of a
tendon
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
- With uncorrected hypokalemia
- Receiving class IA (quinidine,
procainamide)
- Receiving class III (amiodarone,
sotalol, antiarrhythmic agents)
- < 18 years old
Convulsions
Increased intracranial pressure
Psychosis
Prolongation of the QT interval
Serious and sometimes fatal
hypersensitivity reactions
Ruptures of the shoulder, hand, &
Achilles tendons
Pregnancy category C

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Avoid prolong skin
exposure to light ( wear
sun screen and
appropriate clothing until
the level of sensitivity is
determined)
Store cool & dry
Away from children
May cause dizziness or
light headedness. Caution
if using while mental
alertness is required