CBRN Awareness
SPC Loyd Saffier
Terminal Learning Objective
• ACTION: CBRN Familiarization
• CONDITION: Learning Environment
• STANDARD:
031-503-3005 Submit a CBRN Report;
031-503-1002 Conduct Unmasking Procedures;
031-503-1040 Protect Yourself from CBRN Injuries;
031-503-1013 Decontaminate Yourself and Personal Equipment;
031-503-1037 Detect Chemical Agents
RISK ASSESSMENT
• Safety: No major considerations
• Risk Assessment: Low – Classroom environment
• Environmental: No major considerations
References
• FM 3-3, FM 3-3-1, GTA 03-06-008
• FM 3-4, TM 3-6665-307-10
• FM 3-11.4
• FM 3-5, TM 3-4230-229-10, TM 3-4230-235-10
• FM 3-3, FM 3-4, TM 3-6665-307-10, TM 3-6665-311-10
CBRN
• Introduction
• What does CBRN mean to you?
• Chemical weapons can be categorized as
choking, blister, blood, or nerve agents
•
•
•
•
Choking agents—chlorine and phosgene
Blister agents—mustard and lewisite
Blood agents—hydrogen cyanide
Nerve agents—sarin and VX
M-50 Video
Submitting a CBRN Report
• CBRN 1 Report
• Purpose is to give an immediate attack
notification.
• Conditions:
A nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC)
attack has just occurred in your area. You
are given a watch, a map, a compass, a
protractor, a pencil, DA Form 1971-7-R
Submitting a CBRN Report Cont…
• Performance steps:
1) React to nuclear, chemical, biological attack or hazard
2) Submit a SALUTE report immediately (use the size, activity, location,
unit, time, and equipment for attack notification.
Note. The purpose of the SALUTE report is to give immediate
notification of the NBC attack.
Submitting a CBRN Report Cont…
3. Submit an NBC 1 (observer’s) report after
gathering the available data.
a. Complete the required Information:
Line B: Location of observer (use grid
coordinates or place name).
Line F: Location of attack, grid coordinates, or
place name.
Line C: Direction of attack in mils or degrees
from the observer
Line G: Means of delivery ( bomb, artillery,
mortar)
Line D: Date-time group (DTG) of the attack
(specify local or Zulu time)
Line H: Type and height of burst (nuclear) or type
of agent and persistency (chemical or biological).
Submitting a CBRN Report Cont…
• Use flash precedence if this is the first attack
of its type.
• Note! Flash reports should NOT be delayed for
lack of information.
• Note! A flash precedence is used to report the
first use of NBC weapons against U.S. troops.
• Use immediate
attacks.
precedence
for
all
other
• Note! Line L (nuclear) is measured 5 minutes
after the attack, and Line M (nuclear) is
measured 10 minutes after the attack. Submit
the NBC 1 nuclear report after Line L or Line M
is measured.
Check on Learning
1. What is the purpose of the SPOT report in an NBC attack?
2. What precedence should the first report be?
3. Should the flash report be delayed for lack of information?
Conducting Unmasking Procedures
• Conditions: You are given a tactical situation and a requirement to verify if
contamination is still present , a group of Soldiers in mission-oriented
protective posture MOPP 4, an M256-series chemical-agent detector kit, a
chemical-agent monitor, M8 detector paper, a watch, an area where chemical
agents have been used, and the following situations:
1. M256-series chemical-agent detector kit is available.
2. M256-series chemical-agent detector kit is not available.
• This task is always performed in MOPP 4.
Conducting Unmasking Procedures Cont…
a. Use an M256-series detector kit to test for chemical agents. Use M8 detector
paper to check for possible liquid contamination. Continue unmasking
procedures only if both tests are negative.
Conducting Unmasking Procedures Cont…
b. Select one or two individuals to start the unmasking procedures.
c. Move to a shady place. Bright direct sunlight can cause pupils in the eyes to
constrict, giving false signs of nerve agent exposure.
d. Direct the selected individuals unmask for five minutes and then reseal and
clear their masks.
e. Observe the selected individuals for 10 minutes (if no symptoms appear,
consider issuing the all-clear signal for unmasking).
f. Continue to watch the personnel for possible delayed symptoms (always have
first aid treatment immediately available in case it is needed).
Conducting Unmasking Procedures Cont…
2. Conduct unmasking procedures in the following sequence without using an
M256-series detector kit.
a. Use M8 detector paper and/or a chemical agent monitor to check for
possible contamination. Continue unmasking procedures only if the test is
negative.
b. Select one or two individuals to start the unmasking procedures.
c. Move to a shady place. Bright direct sunlight can cause pupils in the eyes to
constrict, giving false signs of nerve agent exposure.
d. Direct the selected individuals unmask—take a deep breath, hold it, and
break the seal for 15 seconds, keeping their eyes wide open.
e. Direct the selected individuals clear and reseal their masks.
f. Observe the selected individuals for 10 minutes.
Conducting Unmasking Procedures Cont…
g. If no symptoms appear, direct the selected individuals to break the seal of
their mask, take two or three breaths keeping their eyes wide open, and clear
and reseal their masks.
h. Observe selected individuals for 10 minutes.
i. If no symptoms appear, have the selected individuals unmask for five minutes
and then remask.
j. If no symptoms appear in 10 minutes after remasking, consider issuing a
directive for an all-clear.
k. Continue to watch the personnel for possible delayed symptoms (always
have first aid treatment immediately available in case it is needed).
• 3. Request to unmask after absence of contamination in the area has been
reported to higher headquarters.
• 4. Direct subordinates to unmask after receiving approval from higher
headquarters.
Check on Learning
1. What MOPP level is unmasking performed in?
2. Why should the unmasking be done in the shade?
Protect Yourself from CBRN Injuries
-With Joint Service Lightweight Integrated Suit Technology (JSLIST)
Chemical Protective Ensemble
• Protect yourself from NBC injury/contamination with JSLIST; by achieving
mission-oriented protective posture MOPP 4 within 8 minutes, performing all
steps in sequence.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bJZpyXNBjS4
Protect Yourself from CBRN Injuries
Don the MOPP gear:
a. Don the overgarment trousers.
1. Extend your toes downward, put
one leg into the trousers, and pull them up. Repeat the procedure for the
other leg.
2. Close the slide fastener, and fasten the two fly opening snaps.
3. Pull the suspenders over your shoulders, and fasten the snap couplers. Adjust the
suspenders to ensure that the trousers fit comfortably.
4. Adjust the waistband hook-and-pile fastener tapes for a snug fit.
Protect Yourself from CBRN Injuries Cont…
b. Don the overgarment coat.
1. Don the coat, and close the slide fastener up as far as your chest.
2. Secure the front closure flap hook-and-pile fastener tape up as far as your
chest.
3. Pull the bottom of the coat down over the trousers.
4. Pull ends of the waist elastic coat retention cord through the front of the
coat to fit around your waist, and tie the ends into a bow.
Protect Yourself from CBRN Injuries Cont…
c. Don the overboots.
1. Don the overboots over your combat boots. Adjust and secure the strapand-buckle fasteners.
2. Pull trouser legs over the multipurpose overboots. Secure the hook-andpile fastener tapes on each ankle to fit snugly around the boot.
Protect Yourself from CBRN Injuries Cont…
d. Don the protective coat hood.
1. Pull the hood over your head and chemical protective mask. Close the slide
fastener completely. Secure the hook-and-pile fastener tape closure up as
far as the top of the slide fastener.
2. Place the edge of your hood around the edge of your mask, and secure the
hook-and-pile fastener tape.
3. Snap the barrel locks together; squeeze both ends of the barrel lock while
pulling the draw cord, and simultaneously slide the barrel lock up to your
chin.
Protect Yourself from CBRN Injuries Cont…
4. Have a buddy check the hood seal
around your mask to ensure that the hood is positioned properly and no skin
is exposed (tie the excess draw cord in a bow, if necessary).
WARNING: THE BARREL LOCK RELEASE BUTTON MUST FACE AWAY
FROM THE USER TO PREVENT THE BARREL LOCK FROM UNFASTENING
AND POSSIBLY EXPOSING THE USER TO CONTAMINATION.
Protect Yourself from CBRN Injuries Cont…
5. Bend over, reach between your legs, and grasp the waist elastic coat
retention cord loop. Bring the coat retention cord loop forward through your
legs pulling on it so the bottom of the coat fits snugly over trousers.
6. Place the waistband coat retention cord loop over the webbing strip at the
bottom of the coat, fasten the webbing strip and snap to keep the retention
cord loop in place. Some discomfort may be experienced in the crotch area
due to the coat retention cord.
Protect Yourself from CBRN Injuries Cont…
e. Don the gloves.
1. Push sleeves up your arm.
2. Don gloves (and liners).
3. Pull the cuffs over the gloves, and secure the
hook-and-pile fastener tape snugly on each wrist.
Looking cool and ready to fight…
Doffing procedures to return to MOPP 0
a. Doff your gloves.
g. Doff your coat.
• Put your gloves in your trouser pockets. h. Doff your trousers.
b. Untie the bow in the coat retention cord,•
unfasten the webbing strip snap, and
release the waist elastic coat retention •
cord loop.
c. Doff your helmet, if worn.
d. Doff your hood from the coat.
e. Doff your protective mask, stow it in the
carrier, and remove the carrier.
f. Doff your boots.
Perform PMCS inspections
Fold and repack the coat and trousers in
individual clear plastic resealable bags or
carrier.
Check on Learning
1. What is the required time to get into MOPP 4?
2. What is the required time to don your mask during an attack?
Decontaminate Yourself and Personal Equipment
• Steps to decontaminate your skin and eyes within 1 minute after you found
they were contaminated.
• Decontaminate all exposed skin and your eyes as necessary before chemical
agent symptoms occur.
• Decontaminate all personal equipment for liquid contamination after
decontaminating your skin, face, and eyes.
Conditions:
• You are in MOPP 2
• You have all MOPP gear, LBE and equipment, full canteen or water source
• You have assigned decontaminating kits
• Your skin is contaminated OR has been exposed to chemical agents, OR you
have passed through a chemically contaminated area.
Decontaminate Yourself and Personal Equipment…
1. Assume MOPP3
2. Decontaminate your skin using the M291 decontaminating kit according
to TM
DANGER: Death or injury may result if you breathe toxic agents while
decontaminating your face. If you need to breathe before you finish, reseal
your mask, clear it, check it, get your breath, and then resume the
decontaminating procedure.
M291 Decon kit
CAUTION: The M291 decontaminating kit is for external use only. Keep
decontaminating powder out of your eyes, cuts, and wounds. The
decontaminating powder may slightly irritate your skin or eyes.
RSDL decon kit
• Reactive Skin Decontamination Lotion (RSDL)
Decontaminate Yourself and Personal Equipment
3. Assume MOPP4
4. Decontaminate your individual equipment using the M295
decontaminating kit according to the TM
CAUTION: Do not attempt to decontaminate a loaded weapon. Always
unload, clear, and place weapons on safe before starting decontaminating
procedures.
M295 decon kit
A. Use the first mitt to decontaminate your gloves, the exposed areas of your
mask and hood, your weapon, and your helmet.
B. Use the second mitt to decontaminate your LBE and accessories, your mask
carrier, your overboots, and your gloves again.
Dispose of hazardous waste material
• Dispose of expended or unserviceable materials according to federal, state,
and local laws; military regulations and local standing operating procedures
(SOPs).
• Place used decontaminating materials in a sealed plastic bag, and label it with
the contents (as a minimum). Give the bag to your supervisor.
• Dispose of contaminated hazardous waste materials. Inform your supervisor
of the status of contaminated hazardous waste.
ATNAA & CANA Injectors
•
•
•








Antitdote Treatment – Nerve Agaent, Auto-Injector (ATNAA)
Atropine and Pralidoxime chloride
When to take it:
Runny nose
Sudden headache
Difficulty in seeing (dimness of vision)
Tightness of chest or difficulty in breathing
Wheezing and coughing
Sweating and muscular twitching in the area of contaminated skin
Stomach cramps
Nausea, with or without vomiting
ATNAA
CANA
•
•
•
•
•
•
Convulsive Antidote, Nerve Agent (CANA)
Diazepam
When to take:
Convulsions
Non-ambulatory
After all 3 ATNAA’s
Check on Learning
1. The M291 decon kit is to decontaminate what on you?
2. The M295 decon kit is to decontaminate what on you?
Detect Chemical Agents- M8 or M9 Detector Paper
• Detect chemical agents using M8 or M9 detector paper
• Detect all liquid chemical agents in the area without becoming a casualty.
• Identify all liquid chemical agents within the capability of the M8 detector
paper.
• Conditions: You are in a tactical environment or an area where there is a
chemical threat and are in MOPP 4. You are given a booklet of M8 detector
paper, a dispenser of M9 detector paper and assigned decontaminating kits.
M9 detector paper
1. Attach the M9 detector paper to your MOPP gear and equipment while
wearing chemical protective gloves.
a. Place the M9 detector on opposite sides of your body.
b. Right-handed: Place a strip of M9 detector paper around your right upper
arm, left wrist, and right ankle.
c. Left-handed: Place a strip of M9 detector paper around your left upper arm,
right wrist, and left ankle.
d. Monitor the M9 detector paper constantly for any color change. If you
observe a color change-mask, give the alarm, decontaminate as
necessary, and assume MOPP4.
M9 detector paper
• Single color change: Red
• Will look like blood spatter on the paper.
M8 detector paper
2. Use M8 detector paper if you see a liquid that might be a chemical agent or
if you observe a color change on the M9 detector paper.
a. Prepare M8 detector paper. Tear out a sheet from the book
b. Fold M8 paper in half length wise for grip and stability
c. Blot (do not rub) on the suspected liquid agent without touching the liquid
with your protective glove.
d. Observe paper for color change, Identify the contamination by comparing
any color change to the color chart on the inside front cover of the booklet.
M8 Color Representations
1. Yellow-gold color indicates the presence of G (nerve) agent.
2. Red-pink color indicates the presence of H (blister) agent.
3. Dark green color indicates the presence of V (nerve) agent.
4. If any other color is present or if there is no color change, the liquid
cannot be identified using M8 detector paper.
M8/M9 paper false positives
• M8 paper will react positive to petroleum products, ammonia, and some
decontaminating solutions.
• M9 paper will react positive to petroleum products, insecticides, and
antifreeze.
• If you observe a color change on M8 or M9 detector paper, assume it is a
liquid chemical agent.
• There will be other means of chemical agent detection available in your
area of operation.
Detect Chemical Agents- JCAD
• Detect chemical agent vapors using the JCAD
• Conduct point monitoring by holding the probe 1/2 inch from the surface and
moving slowly in a zig-zag pattern
• G: Nerve H: Blister
• MOPP 4 ready
Detect Chemical Agents- JCAD
1. Start the JCAD
2. Conduct a confidence test
3. Conduct monitoring based on mission
a. Conduct point monitoring for chemical agent vapors (checking personnel,
equipment, supplies, liquid droplets, puddles, and fluid containers) by attaching
the nozzle and nozzle extension.
• Hold the nozzle inlet ½ inch from the item being
monitored without touching the surface or any source of
liquid contamination.
• Check the soldier from top to bottom,
front to back in a zig-zag pattern.
Summary
• In summary we went over:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Submitting a CBRN 1 report
How to conduct unmasking procedures
How to protect yourself from CBRN injuries
How to decontaminate yourself and your personal equipment
Detecting chemical agents with M8, M9 paper and the JCAD
Questions?