Tecnologie e innovazione
nei mercati digitali
ICT e Sistemi Informativi
CAPITOLO 1-5
Sistemi Informativi e ICT
Un sistema informativo (SI) aziendale è
un insieme di (1) persone, (2) processi
(3) apparecchiature e applicazioni e che
permettono all’azienda di disporre delle
informazioni necessarie nel posto giusto
e al momento giusto.
Sistemi Informativi e ICT:
evoluzioni
3. ARMA STRATEGICA
TOP
(strategia, piani, compiti
non programmati)
INTERNA
• Networking
ESTERNA
• Extranet
• Intranet
• E-Commerce
• Enterprise resource • Struttura
2. Risorsa di business
planning
di network
• Sistemi informativi
LIVELLO
gestionali
DI MANAGEMENT
1. Supporto
alla produzione
• Sistemi di supporto
alle decisioni
• Sistemi di elaborazione • Sistemi informativi
aziendali
delle transazioni
PRIMO LIVELLO
(aspetti di produzione
BASSA
COMPLESSITA’ DEL SISTEMA
Direzione
dell’evoluzione
dei sistemi informativi
ALTA
eventi passati,
compiti programmati)
1
LIVELLO
DI MANAGEMENT
Livello Applicativo
Utenti
ESS
STRATEGIC LEVEL
Dati
Dati
SENIOR MANAGERS
MIS
MANAGEMENT LEVEL
MIDDLE MANAGERS
DSS
KNOWLEDGE LEVEL
OAS
KWS
KNOWLEDGE & DATA
WORKERS
TPS
OPERATIONAL
LEVEL
SALES &
MARKETING
MANUFACTURING
Dati
BASSA
FINANCE
OPERATIONAL
ACCOUNTING
Dati
COMPLESSITA’ DEL SISTEMA
HUMAN
RESOURCES
ALTA
2
BATCH
Late 50’s
early 70’s
REAL TIME
Early 70’s
mid 80’s
PC revolution
Mid 80’s
early 90’s
?
Today
i.e. our grandmother looking for her banking account status after depositing a check
Banking Branches
(Back Office)
(Front Office)
No ICT
BATCH
Late 50’s
early 70’s
REAL TIME
Early 70’s
mid 80’s
PC revolution
Mid 80’s
early 90’s
?
Today
i.e. my grandmother looking for her banking account status after depositing a check
Banking Branches
Mainframe
(Back Office)
(Front Office)
Introduction
Centralized
Architecture
SERVER
BATCH
Late 50’s
early 70’s
REAL TIME
Early 70’s
mid 80’s
PC revolution
Mid 80’s
early 90’s
?
Today
3
i.e. my mother looking for her banking account status after depositing a check
Banking Branches
Dumb Terminal
Introduction
(Back Office)
(Front Office)
Centralized
Architecture
DUMB TERMINALS
SERVER
BATCH
Late 50’s
early 70’s
REAL TIME
Early 70’s
mid 80’s
PC revolution
Mid 80’s
early 90’s
?
Today
i.e. my mother looking for her banking account status after depositing a check
Banking Branches
PCs
Introduction
(Back Office)
(Front Office)
Client/Server
Architecture
CLIENTS
PC PC PC
SERVER
BATCH
Late 50’s
early 70’s
REAL TIME
Early 70’s
mid 80’s
PC revolution
Mid 80’s
early 90’s
?
Today
Internet
Towards a Network Centric Computing
Architecture????
PC PC PC
PC PCPC
SERVER
BATCH
Late 50’s
early 70’s
SERVER
REAL TIME
Early 70’s
mid 80’s
PC revolution
Mid 80’s
early 90’s
NC NC NC
The NET
?
Today
4
Computing Models
Host-Centric
Computing
Host
Terminals
Distributed
Client/Server
Group
PCs
Host
Server
Computing
Hosts
Network-Centric
Computing
IP Devices
Fonte: N. Patrignani - 2007
Cloud computing
Video
Che cos’e’ il cloud computing?
http://www.commoncraft.com/video/cloud-computingspiegato-da-common-craft
Dal Cloud computing al
Software as a Service (SaaS):
le Google Apps
http://youtu.be/eRqUE6IHTEA
5
Grid computing
Edge computing
Green computing
•
Problemi e soluzioni
eco-compatibili
•
Le principali tendenze
dell’Informatica Verde
•
Trashware
6
BACK
END
BATCH
Late 50’s
early 70’s
FRONT
IT
END
REAL TIME
Early 70’s
mid 80’s
ICT
PC revolution
Mid 80’s
early 90’s
STAKEHOLDERS
CUSTOMERS
?
Today
Il CROWDSOURCING
•Sociale (fama/visibilità, relazioni, prestigio)
•Per gioco
•Inconsapevole
•A pagamento
7