Chapter 1: Policing
in America
Topics to Cover
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The Concept and Mandate of the Police
Scope of the Law Enforcement Sector
Levels of Policing
A Changing Landscape
Additional Types of Police
Cox, Introduction to Policing. © 2016, SAGE Publications.
Discuss the concepts and mandate of the police in American
society
THE CONCEPT AND MANDATE
OF THE POLICE
Cox, Introduction to Policing. © 2016, SAGE Publications.
Police
Cox, Introduction to Policing. © 2016, SAGE Publications.
THE CONCEPT AND
MANDATE OF THE
POLICE
Police
• Police officers
– Maintain order, provide service, enforce the law
• Law enforcement officers
– Enforce the law through detection and apprehension
• Balance of protecting individual rights and
maintaining order
Cox, Introduction to Policing. © 2016, SAGE Publications.
THE CONCEPT AND
MANDATE OF THE
POLICE
Describe the difficulty associated with attempting to make
generalizations about law enforcement and the scope of the
functions they perform
SCOPE OF THE LAW
ENFORCEMENT SECTOR
Cox, Introduction to Policing. © 2016, SAGE Publications.
Scope of Law Enforcement
• Police officers work in a range of settings:
– Cities, suburbs, rural areas
– College campuses,
– U.S. borders
– Under cover
– Private communities
– Administrative capacities
Cox, Introduction to Policing. © 2016, SAGE Publications.
SCOPE OF THE LAW
ENFORCEMENT
SECTOR
Identify the various levels and types of policing in the United
States
LEVELS OF POLICING
Cox, Introduction to Policing. © 2016, SAGE Publications.
Levels of Policing
LEVELS OF POLICING
Cox, Introduction to Policing. © 2016, SAGE Publications.
Levels of Policing
LEVELS OF POLICING
Cox, Introduction to Policing. © 2016, SAGE Publications.
Levels of Policing
• International, federal, state, county, and
municipal levels
• Over 1.1 million police personnel across ~18,000
agencies
LEVELS OF POLICING
Cox, Introduction to Policing. © 2016, SAGE Publications.
Levels of Policing
• State police
– Jurisdiction within state
– Traffic control
• Federal law enforcement
– U.S. marshals established in 1789
– U.S. Secret Service
– Customs and Border Protection
– > 100,000 federal agents
Cox, Introduction to Policing. © 2016, SAGE Publications.
LEVELS OF POLICING
Levels of Policing
LEVELS OF POLICING
Cox, Introduction to Policing. © 2016, SAGE Publications.
Discuss some of the current concerns of police in the United
States
A CHANGING LANDSCAPE
Cox, Introduction to Policing. © 2016, SAGE Publications.
A Changing Landscape
• Unmanned aerial vehicles
• US Patriot Act
• Economic downturn
A CHANGING
LANDSCAPE
Cox, Introduction to Policing. © 2016, SAGE Publications.
A Changing Landscape
A CHANGING
LANDSCAPE
Cox, Introduction to Policing. © 2016, SAGE Publications.
Summarize the additional types of police and the functions they
perform
ADDITIONAL TYPES OF POLICE
Cox, Introduction to Policing. © 2016, SAGE Publications.
Additional Types of Police
• Private police
– Security, private investigators, military contractors
• Special jurisdiction police
– University police, school police, transportation
agencies
• Sheriffs and Deputy Sheriffs
– County services, courthouse maintenance
– Only remaining elected law enforcement
ADDITIONAL TYPES OF
POLICE
Cox, Introduction to Policing. © 2016, SAGE Publications.
Additional Types of Police
• Auxiliary/Reserve/Special Police
– Assist regular police
• Conservation Police Officers, Game Wardens
– Enforcement in state parks
• Tribal Police Officers
– Enforcement on tribal lands
• Significant overlap between jurisdictions
ADDITIONAL TYPES OF
POLICE
Cox, Introduction to Policing. © 2016, SAGE Publications.
Additional Types of Police
ADDITIONAL TYPES OF
POLICE
Cox, Introduction to Policing. © 2016, SAGE Publications.
Policing in America
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
Cox, Introduction to Policing. © 2016, SAGE Publications.
Discussion Questions
• Why is it so difficult to discuss and generalize about
the police in the United States?
• Discuss the various levels of public police in the
United States.
• What are some of the problems inherent in policing?
• What are some of the issues currently confronting
American police?
• Describe the different levels of policing in the United
States
Cox, Introduction to Policing. © 2016, SAGE Publications.
Discussion
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Or…
Questions
Case Study
Exercise
Review
Looking Ahead
Cox, Introduction to Policing. © 2016, SAGE Publications.
Open-Access Student Resources
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Action plan
Quizzes
eFlashcards
Video and audio links
SAGE journal articles
Policing in Practice videos
edge.sagepub.com/coxpolicing3e
Cox, Introduction to Policing. © 2016, SAGE Publications.