Properties of Acids
Properties of Bases
Common Acids
Common Bases
Acids
Bases
strong -------- weak
pH: 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
high [H3O+] ------ low [H3O+]
Properties of Acids
weak -------- strong
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
low [OH-] ------ high [OH-]
Properties of Bases
 contain hydrogen which produces hydronium
 produce hydroxide ions (OH-) in water
ions (H3O+) in water
 tend to have a sour taste
 tend to have a bitter taste
 tend to sting/burn and are very corrosive
 tend to have a soapy/slippery feel and are
very corrosive
 neutralize bases to form water plus a salt
 neutralize acids to form water plus a salt
 break up proteins, so are used in marinating
 break down oil and grease
 react with metals such as Mg, Zn and Al to
form hydrogen gas
Common Acids
HCl
hydrochloric acid (in stomach)
HNO3
nitric acid (in fertilizers)
H2SO4
sulfuric acid (in car batteries)
CH3COOH
acetic acid (vinegar)
citric acid (lemons, oranges)
acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)
ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)
carbonic acid (carbonated drinks)
Common Bases
NaOH
sodium hydroxide (lye, oven cleaner,
drain cleaner)
KOH
potassium hydroxide
NH4OH
ammonium hydroxide (cleaning
compounds)
NH3
ammonia (fertilizers, cleaners)
Mg(OH)2 magnesium hydroxide (antacids,
cough syrup)
sodium hypochlorite (bleach)