Trends
 from the old English word; Tredan
meaning to revolve or rotate.
referred to as a common course of
interest
that
is
happening,
changing or developing in a certain
area that requires a clear
understanding on its implication.
The people should not only know
the latest or newest occurrences of
trends but of course they must
have the capacity and ability to
predict or decipher what is going
to transpire or happen in the near
future.
Fads
A form of collective interest
which characterizes popularity and
familiarity by general public
within a certain culture, locale or
area and monitored actively by a
group of individuals for a brief or
short period of time.
Trends
Serves for a
period of time
Fads
long A definite period or
undertaking
More
or
less
permanent that give
precise continuation
of interest
Temporary
nature
that
subject
modification
preference
considered
momentarily
in
is
for
of
or
as
Trends
Fads
Greatly influence, affect Influencing
and contribute to the individuals
fade
general market
rapidly since it does
not place a great
influences to the
potentials individual
Apply to a large group To a certain cluster or
of people
lesser
group
of
individuals interests.
Trend Analysis
A
general practice of gathering
information
 Identifying a pattern or design in
relation to the information
 A helpful tool for the country’s
development because it can predict the
chances of garnering profits and
revenue.
Social Trends
 Emanating from the social and cultural
standards that is being practiced and
observed.
 Ex.
language
technology norms
arts
values
fashion
social concerns and issues
Economic Trends
 Raise economic development in moving
country’s financial stability and necessity
and provides the mechanism and models
for the increase wants and needs of the
general public.
 Ex.
main goods cellular phones gadgets
services
computers
stocks
Political Trends
 Deals with the events that is imparted
to the political phase of the nation. It
includes those government activities
and public affairs of the society.
 Ex.
election
declaration of war
proclamation of martial law
 A Trend must be new; it requires
novelty or improvement of the product
or process
 A Trend must be appreciated and
accepted by numerous individuals;
beneficial to all
 A Trend must be socially and
industrially relevant; available and
appropriate to the general market
 A Trend must be realistic without
discrimination or diversities.
Trend is learned
 We acquire and adopt trend based from
the inviting and irresistible influences
in the society.
Trend is collective
 It is disseminated to person for general
application and it is available and
shared by everyone.
Trend is based on influence
 Once influence come into play it greatly
affects the respondent’s free will,
vitiates consent or even direct decision
making in a certain degree.
Trend is incorporated
 The cycle of trends may relate to what
happened, happening and what
happen in the future. Trends
susceptible
for
repetition
improvement depending upon
demands of its clientele.
will
are
and
the
Trend is active
 It is subject to stages of development. It
gives the presumption of progress and
evolution of every country.
Change of Preference
 Also called as; preference shifting of
trends. The choice of trend may vary
from the different perspective of
individual depending on the demands
of the general public.
 Ex.
fashion
Damaged Trend Sequence
 Once trend has risen up, it will
definitely at certain point in time that
allows it to either fall, break or stop
until such trend is again utilized in the
future.
 Ex.
turumpo
pogs
gagamba
texts
Diminishing Utilization
 It explain that continuous utilization of
a specific trend from time to time
without an alternative or substitution
will result to discontinuity or stoppage
of patronage.
Price Dropping
The value of the trend being offered to
general public typically goes down with
in its normal or usual price
What is the significance of
understanding
and
knowing the recent or
latest trends?
Local Network
 It
entails
relationships
and
connections of individuals proper
linkages of communications within a
prescribe society or community.
 Ideas, suggestions and proposals
emanating from different local
sources are transferred to common
terminal that produces great result
and outputs.
Strategic Analysis
 It involves a process that prescribes a
flawless understanding on the strong
points that can be utilized, the
problem or issues that need to be
addressed, the available and projectile
careers and the threats.
 A.k.a. SWOT analysis
SWOT Analysis
 refers to a definite protocol and
observance undertaken by the
administration of an organization to
determine
and
examine
the
strengths,
weaknesses,
opportunities and threats being
affected by the organization.
 commonly
used
for
strategic
planning to maintain stability and
sustainability.
Strengths
 Positive attributes that empower the
organization
in
attaining
development.
 Shows why organization manage to
stand despite the difficulties,
complications and unending challenges.
Weaknesses
 Refers to those factors that immobilize
and affect the quality performance of an
organization.
 An area that requires attention to
prevent serious loss or injury that may
result to financial reverses or distress or
worst
Opportunities
 Describe the possible occasions and
chances
that
leads
to
the
advancement of organization.
 This is categorized as the perfect time or
good chance in order to progress in
all aspects and for the advancement
of the organization.
Threats
 The reasons behind the downfall of the
organization.
 Refers to the misfortunes, unforseeable
events, trials, problem, danger or likes
that are considered potential distractors
or can hamper the success and
development of an organization.
• Good leadership skills
and trainings.
• Experienced and well
trained employees
• Competitive
organization
with
strong profits
S
• Creation of new stores
• Increased
in
production
and
services offered
• Adaptation of new
technology
O
W
T
• Lack financial packages
to employees
• Obsolete machineries,
tools and equipment
• Employees are not well
compensated
• None observance of
proper safety protocols
• Insurgencies
and
rebellion in the area
• Fortuitous
events,
contingencies
and
calamities
• Withdrawal of employees
• Shifting of consumers
preference
Intuitive Thinking
Analytical Thinking
Absence of time to
rationalize
Disoriented solutions
Presence of time to think
Abstract production
Concrete output
Initial response
Best option
Unfocused
Focuses on the real issue
Heart centered
Brain centered
Immediate response
Conceptualize action
Organized goals
Global Network
 Involves resources in a wide-range
perspective of presentations that
implies
to
all
linkages
and
connections
relating
to
the
development of a country
 Bonds and ties accumulated by a
country to establish and maintain
good and friendly relationship
among states
Globalization
 Refers
to the phenomenological
transformation of organizations that
provides technological advancement,
innovation and development in the
social, political, economical and
cultural areas of a society in relation to
a good and suitable international
relationship and foreign policy.
Globalization
Cultural
Social
Political
Economical
Labor and Employment
 Generally opens bigger employment
opportunities not only local but also
international occasions to enhance
chances of nations growth and
development
Migration
 The movement or transfer of potential
individuals to a prospect state.
Stability and Sustainability
 Stability alone without sustainability
will not be enough or sufficient to
support the growing needs and wants of
the general public.
Capitalization and Industry
 globalization
it gave rise to the
numerous emergence of infrastructures
and potential careers on small, medium,
and large enterprise thru promoting
tourism and strengthening foreign trade
Innovation and Technology
 The
proper arrangements of new
technology creates an atmosphere of
success to developing countries.
PROBLEM
SOLUTION
Climate Change
 it encompasses all classes of change
and development in the earth’s
climate and environment as well as it
gradual
transformation
and
distribution of different weather
conditions for a considerable length
of time.
Environment
 defined as the atmospheric condition,
place, or location suitable for the
inhabitant’s evolution, transformation
and environmental development; a
definite area where humanity lives
purposely
Some Causes of Climate Change
A. Burning of Fossil Fuel
refers to the remains of plants and
animals that are transformed to fuel oils,
gases hydrocarbons, and coals
B. Deforestation
conversion of land use from forest to
industrial
land
and
illegal
cutting/logging of trees.
C. Increase of Population
the
continuing
increase
in
population growth is a big factor giving
due course to the presence of global
warming.
D. Volcanic Eruptions
the outburst eruptions of volcanoes
releasing vast chemical gases traversed
the air and atmosphere
Some Effects of Climate Change
 Increased of sea level due to melting of ice
deposits
 Presence of severe typhoons
 Heavy rains/ Heavy flood
 Economic reverses and distress
 Depletion of natural resources and reserves
 El Niño/ La Niña
 Wild fires and forest fires
 Heat waves
 Sickness/Diseases/Death
Some Undertakings to Prevent and
Minimize Climate Change
A. Self- Awareness and Involving
Oneself
Being educated and consciously aware of
the emerging problem of climate change
and it is effect to our environment should
also require to act and support a campaign
that focuses on ways to save our planet.
B. Energy Conservation
Basic examples includes utilization
of light LED instead of using ordinary
and less economical light bulbs, unplug
electronic gadgets and equipment that
are not in use.
C. The 3R’s of Preservation:
Reduce
Process of delimitating the number of
material used or to consumption.
Reuse
Process of finding a ways to use again the
material or re-purposing things
Recycle
Process of generating, making, forming,
producing, and creating a new product out of
the old material
D. Utilization of Ecofriendly Materials
E. Reforestation/ Plant more Trees
F. Proper Discipline and Attitude
G. Uphold and Observe the laws and
regulations
H. Creating, and establishing more
environmental groups, association
and affliations
Composition of Climate Change
A. Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
an essential compound needed by
the earth sustenance but too much
production will result to detrimental of
green house gases.
B. Methane (CH4)
a natural gas and denoted as the
main component of fossil fuel
C. Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
recalled as buoyant gas that manages
adverse effect to earth surfaces and AKA
the destructive force towards the ozone
layer
D. Hydrofluorocarbons(HFCs)
a biochemicals that produces
antagonistic effect to the earth; an
elements of fluorine, hydrogen, and
carbon atoms.
E. Perfluorocarbons (PCFs)
transparent
and
unscented
chemicals which bears a strong life
sustenance. An example of which are
those primary used as lubricants and
refrigerants and used in making plastics
F. Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6)
an inorganic chemical that is widely
used in the electrical utility consumed as
insulator but it also being released from
volcanic eruption
Greenhouse Effect
mentions
the
environmental
occurrences by which the radiation
coming from the sun is being trapped in
the earth surface preventing it from
escaping in the atmosphere.
Political Science
 Derived from the two Greek words,
polis which means city or state and
scire which means to know or to study.
 Defined as the branch of social sciences
that deals with the study of the forms,
kinds,
branches,
functions,
and
structures
of
politics
and
government.
Areas of Political Science
A. International Law
- refers to the body of laws created,
maintained, and recognized between and
among nations.
B. Public Law

- is concerned with the laws concerning
individuals and the government and their
direct relation to the society and its laws.
C. Private Law
- undermines the relationship between
and among the individuals living within
the state of country.
D. Politics
- understanding of the different
activities, behavoir, ideologies, policies
and procedures governing the state.
E. Public Administration
- is concerned with the organization of
the government, policies, budget, agencies
and departments for the implementation of
government policies and programs.
F. Political Philosophy or Political
Theories
- understanding and focuses on the
ideas given by the philosopher across time
and space.
Types of Government
A. De Jure Governance
- refers to those governments which
survives both in fact and in accordance with
law; legally formed and recognized in
accordance with the applicable laws.
B. De Facto Governance
- state that those governments survives
in fact but not in harmony with the law.
Government that is formed and organized
not in accordance with law and is not
recognized and accepted by the enabling
laws and general public.
Branches of the Government
A. Legislative Department
- consists of two houses; the upper house
and the lower house.
upper house- compose of the senators
and headed by the senate president
lower
housecompose
of
the
congressman and party-list representative and
headed by the speaker of the house/ house
speaker.
- Primary function of this is to create or make
laws.
B. Executive Department
- headed by the president as the chief
executive and the commander in chief of the
armed forces and supported by his trusted
cabinet members.
- the primary function is to implement
and execute laws created by the legislature.
C. Judicial Department
- composed of the Supreme Court justices
and judges of lower courts.
- the primary function is to interpret and
construe the laws, to decide whether a law is
constitutional or not.
- in order for the laws to be legal and valid
it shall not be contrary to laws, morals, good
customs, public health and public safety.
Powers of the Government
A. Police Power
- power of the state to restrict personal
and property rights for the promotion of the
general welfare.
B. Eminent Domain
- power of the government to acquire
private property for the purpose of the
utilization of general public and payment
of just compensation
C. Taxation Power
- deals with the mandatory or
compulsary involvement of individual in
order to support and meet the government
expenses.
- categorized into a direct or indirect
taxes
Elements of the State
A. Territory
- definite location where the people live
- categorized in to aerial, fluvial, and
terrestrial territory.
B. Government
- understood and referred to as the
legitimate
authority
running
or
controlling the state.
C. People
- refers to humanity and mankind
living and occupying a given place or
location.
D. Sovereignty
- refers to being independent of one’s
country or state to controlling their
territory and people. Freedom from the
denomination of others country.
Democracy
- That
provides equal rights and
opportunities to its habitants
- Has proven its reign as the hope for
masses since the voice of the majority is
clearly and loudly heard by the
sovereign leaders of the society.
- Philippines
is
not
limited
or
concentrated on the implementation
but rather the “right discipline” in a
democratic country.
Types of Democracy
A. Direct or Absolute Democracy
- characterizes the absolute or
supreme power is administered by the
people themselves. The authority is
emanating from the general population.
B. Indirect or Representative Democracy
- signifies a reservation on the part of
the electorate in favor of their chosen and
designated officials to adhere on the
principles and mandates of democracy.
- the representative will act for and in
behalf of the general democratic country.
Some Factors Affecting Democracy
- I. Discrimination
- Defeating the ideas and principle of
being just, fair, rational and
reasonable.
- It explains the improper imposition of
equal treatment and practice in
handling persons where the latter is
supposed to be treated alike.
Some Factors Affecting Democracy
- II. Political Marginalization/Crisis
- The political atmosphere of every
country no matter how establish and
resilient will not.
Reasons of Political Crisis and Distress
A. Ineffective/ Bad Governance.
B. Lack of Discipline and love in their
own respective country.
C. Improper Implementation of laws,
customs, good morals, good customs
rules and regulations.
D. Blatant abuse of power and authority
of officials.
E. Economic Distress and reverses
through improper management and
administration.
Meaning and Impression
- As the mode or process of incorporating
the necessary elements and medium of
information,
communication
and
technology together.
- It all compasses all kinds of technologies
and intermediaries required to deliver
suitable
information
and
communication
- The presence of global innovation
competition allows neighboring
countries to enhance their research
materials, designs and models
that can produce fresh and
inventive item to cater variety
demands of marketplace readily
available to serve the public
enterprise.
- Used
to convey, transfer, deliver,
manipulate, and store data by the use of
electronic means.
- Used to manage telecommunications,
social media, networking systems,
transmission and transistor mechanism,
basic network control, monitoring
positions and functions.
- Used
for
teleconferencing,
videoconferencing
and
alternative
technological learning.
A. Technology as an object
- It deals with the objects we used
to provide solutions on our task.
- Pertains to any human creations
or masterpiece of technology
- A.k.a Objet d’art or Artifact
B. Technology as knowledge
- make use of the solicitation of “formal
knowledge”.
- Aids and supports the spread and
C. Technology as process
- Deals with the proper procedures, steps
and protocols on related activities
applying technical knowledge and
capability
D. Technology as a preference, choice, will
or volition
- The will captive sufficient knowledge
necessary to overcome technological
crisis on the physical world and to design
new product, processes and systems.
A. Technology for advance learning
- The use of technology makes it possible
for learning to advance in terms of
application.
- Interactive
websites are accessible
everywhere.
- The students can easily cope with
innovation and easily learn the new
technology.
B. Technology for collaboration
- The active collaboration of human
resources and technology deliver
greater
advantage.
Having
technology gives a positive result,
efficiency and production
C. Building linkages, connections and
relations
- Technology
provides access to
numerous
information
and
improving communications.
- Enable us to stay in contact
C. Building linkages, connections and
relations
- Technology
provides access to
numerous
information
and
improving communications.
- Enable us to stay in contact
D. Channeling Workplace
- It
enhance employment related
concerns, employees can now work
from virtual offices and communicate
with businesses and individuals
across the globe
E. Increased careers in technology
- In
every institution, corporation,
business or establishment, an IT
specialist and its services are being
demanded all over the world
F. Technology for easier and
convenience of life
- It provides solution to ending human
demands and needs. And also to
improve the quality of persons life
A. Technological dependency or
enslaves
- Too
much usage of information
technology bears a psychological
influence on technical dependence
B. Addiction and obsession
- Spending
extensive
time
in
technology is unpleasant habit that
destroys your well being and career
C. Subject to harassment
- Unwarranted exposure to internet
websites gives the chance to be
subject of harassment and cyber
bullying eliciting and violating the
right to privacy of individuals.
D. Social isolation and loneliness
- The
judgmental community and
discriminatory practices of society
aggravates social isolation, so they
used to choose to expose and be
hooked into the virtual world of
technology
E. Employment flux
- The shift to technology utilization
rather than human workforce
resulting to the loss of employment,
retrenchment and recall
F. Unhealthy lifestyle
- Because of
technology the usual
routine, habits, way of living and
preference of individual may change
- In everyday living, we depend to use
technology, either at home, at school, at
business or like
- At home, we used appliances and devices
to help us in chores and make our living
more convenient and efficient.
- At school, we used technology to aid the
educative process, to easily gasps the
lesson and to easily deliver it well and
effectively.
- At business, in order to save time and
money, many investors opt to choose
the use of labor saving devices and
machineries than to elect human
forces.
- At environment, we can easily gasps
the weather forecast and to become
aware to the possible natural
phenomena might been happen.
Neural Networks
- Refers to a procedural concepts that
is transmitted from one point to
another thereby developing a
systematic approach acting like the
human brain.
- Operates
together
with
the
connecting link and chain of
information
Inputs
Generating
Output
Social Network
- Refers to a wide-range of activities
where
individuals,
associations,
groups and affiliates connect and
associate themselves for socialization
and interaction
- Serves as a prevailing link in
connecting people from distant
places
Social Media
- Defined as a medium use to transfer
knowledge and share information
through the application of websites,
internet protocols, networks and
connections.
Earlier Social Media
 1979- Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis
devised a model called “UseNet
Systems”.
• It caters and permits posting of
articles and scholarly works.
 Early 80’s- the Bulletin Board System
and CompuServe both comes into
play offering and dealing
Inter-modern Social Media
 Six Degrees first used the ideas of
adding and making friends; it helps the
creation and advancement of technology
in field of social media.
 Introduction of world of gamers
 The intellectual expertise of ICT and
website developer makes the world
innovate vastly and coping with the
present world.
 Ex. Friendster
Present Social Media
 social media portrays a dynamic role in
terms of efficient communications,
holding relationship and reinforcing
distances.
 Social media is embraced by majority
since there is novelty, creativeness and
satisfaction
 Ex. but not limited to:
Instagram
Multiply Facebook
Twitter
Tumblr
Future Social Media
 refers to those media that are still in
the planning and organizing stage,
about
to
be
completed,
or
momentarily manufactured and
hoping to be finally out for the
market.
 It
is a key factor in attaining
sustainable development.
 It maintains good condition and
building relationships in terms of
communication and technology.
 Social media can be relatively
associate to computers evolving every
quarter
 Social media greatly influences and
affects our decision perspective and
process
 Sufficient
knowledge is acquired
through the use of social media and
best applied in real life.