UNIT 1
THE ORGANISATION OF THE HUMAN BODY
1. ORGANISATION OF LIVING MATTER. Fill the chart with the missing information are given belonging
to the two levels (abiotic and biotic) of the organisation. Give an example per each and as much
information as you can. (CUADERNO)
Abiotic level
Biotic level
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2. Fill the gaps. (book)
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3. Define cells. (book)
Cells are elemental units of independent life and are different from each other. They have specialised features
and group together to form more complex structures.
4. Name and define the structures cells are grouped into the human beings. (book)
Tissue. Group of cells of the same type and with the same origin, specialised in carrying out a specific
function.
Organ. Combination of various different tissues that join together to perform a specific function.
System. Comprises various organs with a predominant tissue, whose functions are highly related. Also a group
of organs, each one formed by different tissues that take part in one or various functions.
Organism. Formed by the combination of all its apparatus and systems, operating in a coordinated way.
5. Complete. (book)
Human cells are eukaryote cells means.......................
Human cells are heterotrophic cells means......................
Their genetic material is found inside their nucleus.
They feed on organic matter.
6. CELL'S STRUCTURE. Fill the chart with the missing information. (cuaderno)
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7. Look at the picture of a cell structure. Match each name of the organelles with the marks given.
(imagen de body presentation - PC)
Mitochondria
Lysosomes
Cytoplasm
centrioles
ribosomes
nucleus
membrane
Golgi apparatus
cytoskeleton
vacuoles
endoplasmic reticulum
8. Give a brief definition of each organelle from above and its function. (cuaderno).
Organells
With membrane
Without membrane
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9. How can cells exchange substances with the environment?
Cells need to exchange substances with the environment through the plasma membrane. The membrane
is semipermeable, so it only allows the passage of certain substances such as, diffusion, osmosis, active
transport and endocytosis/exocytosis.
10. Give as much information as you can of the ways of exchanging substances of cells.(cuaderno)
Inside the cell
Outside the cell
11. Match the three columns: function-cell-organelle. (cuaderno)
12. Give a definition of tissue. (book)
It is a cluster of cells with same morphology and function.
13. Name the basic classification of tissue groups. (book)
Epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous.
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14. Define epithelial tissues, their two types and functions.(mindmap and book)
Cells are very close. Epithelial tissues cover the surface of the body, lining internal cavities and enveloping
some organs.. They are classified by:
Epithelium tissue:
- Covers the surface of the body.
- Covers internal cavities such as digestive and respiratory tracks (mucous).
- Its function is to protect.
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Glandular tissue:
Makes and secretes substances.
Cells group forming glands such as, salivary glands, sweat glands and tear glands.
Its function is to produce and release substances.
15. Define connective tissues, their types and functions.(mindmap and book)
Cells are very separated. Their function is to connect organs and systems; they also form the tissue between
organs. They are classified by:
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Non- specialised
Found in the deeper part of the skin, they form the 'filling' tissue between organs. They have
extracellular matrix, for example, collagen.
Specialised
Cartilaginous tissues: they protect the joints and they are found in ear, nose, trachea...
Adipose tissues: form by cells that accumulate fat. They function as a reserve of energy.
Bone tissues: they are rigid tissues because of the deposit of minerals. They support the organism.
16. Define muscle tissues, their types and functions.(mindmap and book)
They are form by cells called muscle fibres which are able to contract and produce movement. The types of
muscle tissues are:
Striated muscle tissue
- It allows the skeleton to move. It is a voluntary movement.
Smooth muscle tissue
- Responsible for the organs movement. It is an involuntary movement.
Cardiac muscle tissue
- It is a striated tissue but contracts involuntarily. For example, the heart.
17. Define nervous tissues, their types and functions.(mindmap and book)
They are formed by specialised cells called neurons whose function is to transmit nerve impulses.
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18. Define nutrition and the systems which carry it out.(book)
Is the group of processes that allow us to use and transform substances to stay alive.
It is carried out by four systems:
1- Digestive system. It prepares the food so the cells can use them.
2- Respiratory system. It carries oxygen for the cells to the blood.
3- Circulatory system. It distributes nutrients and oxygen between the cells. It also collects waste
products.
4- Excretory system. It takes excretory substances from blood and expels them outside.
19. Define reproduction and explain female and male reproduction system. (book)
It ensures our survival over the time.
Male reproduction. It produces male gametes (spermatozoids) and makes the fertilisation of the female
gametes (eggs)
Female reproduction. It produces female gametes (eggs). It is fertilised when they join with male
gametes.
20. Explain how interaction between systems takes place.(book). Mirar esquema del cuaderno.
Interaction takes place between the nervous, endocrine, skeletal, muscular systems and the sense organs.
- Nervous system. It receives information from outside and prepare answers. It coordinates every
function of the organism.
- Endocrine system. It is formed by substances (hormones) with some effects on the organism.
- Skeletal and muscular system. They are responsible for the movement.
- Sense organs. They capture important information for the organism, allowing it to adapt and
survive.
21. Match the words with the correct vital functions.(cuaderno)
NUTRITION
INTERACTION
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REPRODUCTION
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