9. The verb & its general characteristics. Subclasses of verbs.
Verb is a part of speech that denotes an action, It has the following grammatical categories:
- person - aspect
- number - voice
- tense - mood
These categories may be expressed by means of affixes, innaflexions (change of the route vowel) and by form
words. According to the functional verbs perform in the sentence; they can form finite(особові) and non-finite
forms. The finite form can be used as the predicate of the sentence. The non-finite can’t be used as the predicate of
the sentence, they are called “verbals” (Participle I, II, Infinitive, Gerund). According to the morphological
structure verbs can be divided into:
- simple
- derivative (rewrite, undo)
- compound (day-dream, brain-beat)
- composite (give up, sit down).
3. The basic forms of the verb are:
- the infinitive
- the past indefinite
- the participle II
speak – spoke – spoken.
According to the syntactical function verbs are divided into: notional verbs – always have a lexical meaning of
their own and have an independent syntactical function in the sentence (may be used as a simple predicate).
auxiliary verbs – have only grammatical function used in analytical form.link verbs – which have lost their lexical
meaning to some extend and are used in compound nominal predicate.
6.A verb can be
- transitive which can take:
a) a direct object
They express an action which passes on to a thing or object directly.
b)direct and indirect object.
c) prepositional object
intransitive verbs can’t take a direct object.
7. Semantically all verbs can be divided into:
- terminative
- non-terminative
a) Terminative verbs amply a limit beyond which an action can’t continue. (to break).
b) Non-terminative denote an action which don’t amply any limit. (to love, to live, to posses).
c) Verbs of double lexical character/aspect. These verbs in certain context have a terminative meaning, and in
other – a derivative.