Name _______________________________________________________ Date ________________
Chapter 4
Student Version
Chapter 1 Objectives:




Explain how physical layer protocols and services support communications across data
networks.
Build a simple network using the appropriate.
Explain the role of the data link layer in supporting communications across data networks.
Compare media access control techniques and logical topologies used in networks.
Required Materials:
Reading Organizer
Packet Tracer Activities:
4.2.4.5 Packet Tracer - Connecting a Wired and Wireless LAN Instructions
Labs: 4.0.1.2 Let Me Tell You What I Heard at a Conference Instructions
4.1.2.4 Lab - Identifying Network Devices and Cabling
4.2.2.7 Lab - Building an Ethernet Crossover Cable
4.2.4.6 Lab - Viewing Wired and Wireless NIC Information
4.5.1.1 Linked In! Instructions
Chapter Test
Cisco Semester 1 – Introduction to Networks 5.0
1
Robb Jones
Chapter 4
Frederick County Career & Tech Center, MD
Cisco Semester 1 – Introduction to Networks 5.0
2
Robb Jones
Chapter 4
Frederick County Career & Tech Center, MD
Page intentionally left blank.
Name___________________________________________________
_______ Date ________________
Points__________ / __275___
Chapter 4
Reading Organizer
Student Version
Note: the Reading Organizer has weighted scoring. Any question with the word explain or define in it is
expected to have a longer answer and is worth two points each.
After completion of this chapter, you should be able to:




Explain how physical layer protocols and services support communications across data
networks.
Build a simple network using the appropriate.
Explain the role of the data link layer in supporting communications across data networks.
Compare media access control techniques and logical topologies used in networks.
4.1 Physical Layer Protocols
1. What are two types of physical connections?
A. wired connection using a cable
B. wireless connection
2. Which home device incorporates both types of physical connections?
integrated Service Router
3. Explain what happens to a wireless device’s signal as it is moved further away from the access point?
The further the device is from the access point the weaker the wireless signal it recieves. This can mean less bandwidth or no wireless connection at all
4. What happens to a wireless network as more devices use it simultaneously?
Slower network performance will occur
Cisco Semester 1 – Introduction to Networks 5.0
3
Robb Jones
Chapter 4
Frederick County Career & Tech Center, MD
5. Does a wired device need to share its access to the network with other devices?
no
6. Explain in detail the process that data undergoes from a source node to a destination node.
a. User is segmented by the transport layer, placed into packets by the network layer,then encapsulated
by the data link
b.
The physical layer encodes the frames and creates waves
c. signals are sent by media one at a time
d. destination node retrieves individual data signals
7. List the three types of network media commonly used.
A. wireless
b. copper
c. fiber
8. What does the physical layer consists of?
a. connectors
Cisco Semester 1 – Introduction to Networks 5.0
4
Robb Jones
Chapter 4
Frederick County Career & Tech Center, MD
b. electronic
c. media
9. List and explain each of the three physical layer standards functional areas.
a. ______physical________________________________ –
physical components of the OSI model that is physically used by the end user
b. __________encoding____________________________ –
method of changing a message into a farmat that can be understood
c. _____signals_________________________________ –
the way the message is send ( the process of sending )
10. Signals can be transmitted in one of two ways. List and explain both.
a. __asynchronous____________________________________ –
can be sent both ways
Cisco Semester 1 – Introduction to Networks 5.0
5
Robb Jones
Chapter 4
Frederick County Career & Tech Center, MD
b. ______synchronous________________________________ –
can only de sent one way
11. What is bandwidth?
How much the medium can carry the data
12. The practical bandwidth of a network is determined by what combination of factors?
a. physical data
b. tech choosen
13. What is throughput?
Measure of the time it takes to delive data
14. What factors influence throughput?
a. traffic
b. type of traffic
c. latency
14. Define latency?
Amount of time it takes to deliver a message
15. Explain what Goodput is and how it is measured.
Cisco Semester 1 – Introduction to Networks 5.0
6
Robb Jones
Chapter 4
Frederick County Career & Tech Center, MD
16. List the defined standards for copper media are:
a. Type of copper cabling used
b. Bandwidth of the communication
c. Type of connectors used
d. Pinout and color codes of connections to the media
e. Maximum distance of the media
17. Draw a line between the following terms with their descriptions.
Synchronous
Signaling method
Frame encoding
Asynchronous
Physical components
Hardware devices, media, and connectors which transmit and
carry bit signals
How 1s and 0s are represented on the media – varies, depending
on encoding scheme
Evenly spaced time duration for signals
A method for converting streams of data bits into groupings of bits
- predefined
Arbitrarily spaced time duration of signals
18. Draw a line between the following terms with their descriptions.
Bandwidth
Pulse-coded modulation
Goodput
Throughput
Cisco Semester 1 – Introduction to Networks 5.0
How much usable data is transferred over a given amount of time
Amount of data that is allowed by the medium to flow during a
given set of time
The actual measure of data bits over a given period of time
A technique to convert voice analog to digital signals
7
Robb Jones
Chapter 4
Frederick County Career & Tech Center, MD
Frequency modulation
Transmission method where the carrier frequency varies
according to the signals sent
4.2 Network Media
19. Why do networks use copper media?
a. inexpensive
b. easy to install
c. low resistance
20. What is copper media limited by?
a. interference
b. distance
21. How does signal attenuation effect transmitted data as it travels through a network.
22. The timing and voltage values of the electrical pulses are also susceptible to interference from two
sources. List and explain both.
a. ________________________________________________________ –
b. ________________________________________________________ –
Cisco Semester 1 – Introduction to Networks 5.0
8
Robb Jones
Chapter 4
Frederick County Career & Tech Center, MD
23. What can be done to counter the negative effects of EMI and RFI?
Twisted pair and shielding
24. What do some types of copper cable do to counter the negative effects of crosstalk?
Create twisted pairs
25. Explain how the susceptibility of copper cables to electronic noise can be limited.
a.
b.
c.
26. List the three main types of copper media used in networking.
a. cat3
b. cat5/cat5e
c. cat6
Cisco Semester 1 – Introduction to Networks 5.0
9
Robb Jones
Chapter 4
Frederick County Career & Tech Center, MD
27. What type of cabling is the most common?
Unshielded twisted pair
28. What are the advantages of using Shielded Twisted-Pair (STP) cabling?
a. shielding from emi
b. limited crosstalk
29. There are two common variations of STP. List and explain both.
a. entire bundle with foil over it
b. individual pairs have foil over ut
30. UTP cable has essentially replaced coaxial cable in modern Ethernet installations. Where is coaxial
cable still commonly used?
a. wireless
b. internet cable installations
31. UTP, STP, and coaxial copper media characteristics are provided in the table. Check the appropriate
field to match the characteristic to the media type.
Cisco Semester 1 – Introduction to Networks 5.0
10
Robb Jones
Chapter 4
Frederick County Career & Tech Center, MD
32. UTP cable does not use shielding to counter the effects of EMI and RFI. Explain in detail how cable
designers have discovered that they can limit the negative effect of crosstalk.
a. _________________cancellations__________________________________ –
b. _____________varying twisted pair______________________________________ –
33. Cables in higher categories are designed and constructed to support what?
Cisco Semester 1 – Introduction to Networks 5.0
11
Robb Jones
Chapter 4
Frederick County Career & Tech Center, MD
Higher data rates
34. Where is Category 3 cable (UTP) commonly used?
Voice communication or phone lines
35. What are the recommended speeds for the following cables?
a. Cat5 –
100 mb/s
b. Cat5e –
1000 mb/s
c. Cat6 –
1000 mb/s
36. Which standard describes the wire color codes to pin assignments (pinouts) for Ethernet cables?
TIA/EIA 568
37. List and explain the three main cable types that are obtained by using specific wiring conventions.
a. ___________ethernet straightthrough______________________ –
b. __________ethernet crossover_______________________ –
c. ___________rollover______________________ –
38. What happens if a crossover or straight-through cable is incorrectly used between networking
devices?
Connectivity and communication between devices wont take place
Cisco Semester 1 – Introduction to Networks 5.0
12
Robb Jones
Chapter 4
Frederick County Career & Tech Center, MD
39. After installation, a UTP cable tester should be used to test for what parameters?
a. wire map
b. cable length
c. signal loss
d. crosstalk
49. Why has using optical fiber become very popular??
a. permits transmition of data
b. allows higher bandwidths
50. What are the advantages of using fiber-optic cable over copper wires?
a. it can transmit signals with less
b. completely immune to emi and rfi
51. Where is fiber optic cable used in an Enterprise Networks?
a. backbone cabling
b. interconnecting
52. Explain the purpose of each part of a fiber optic cable.
a. Core –where the light goes through
b. Cladding –like a mirror for the light to bounce off
Cisco Semester 1 – Introduction to Networks 5.0
13
Robb Jones
Chapter 4
Frederick County Career & Tech Center, MD
c. Buffer –used as sa shield for the mirrors
d. Strengthening Material –
e. Jacket –
53. Fiber-optic cables can be broadly classified into two types. List and explain each.
a. __________________________ -
b. __________________________ -
54. What is dispersion and how does it affect the signal?
Cisco Semester 1 – Introduction to Networks 5.0
14
Robb Jones
Chapter 4
Frederick County Career & Tech Center, MD
Desperation refers to spreading of light over time
55. Identify the following fiber optic connectors
_________5C________connectors______________________
_______LC______connectors__________________________
_______ST_____connectors___________________________
Cisco Semester 1 – Introduction to Networks 5.0
15
Robb Jones
Chapter 4
Frederick County Career & Tech Center, MD
________duplex connectors_______________________________
56. Why are two fibers are required to support full duplex operation?
So they can send and receive data over the medium
57. Explain how fiber optic cable are color coded.
The T\IA 598 standard which recommends
the use of a yellow jacket for single mode fiber
cables, and orange (or aqua) for multimode fiber cables.
58. List and explain three common types of fiber-optic termination and splicing errors.
a. _________end cap______________________ –
b. ________misalignment_______________________ –
c. _____end finish__________________________ –
59. What type of cable tester is recommended to test fiber-optic cables?
Cisco Semester 1 – Introduction to Networks 5.0
16
Robb Jones
Chapter 4
Frederick County Career & Tech Center, MD
OTDR
60. Advantages of fiber-optic media include: immunity to electromagnetic interference, it will not
conduct unwanted electrical currents due to grounding issues, and it has relatively low signal loss over
distance. Disadvantages to optical fiber media implementation includes:
a. more expensive
b. different skills and equipment
c. more careful handling
61. How do most enterprise environments use optical fiber?
As a backbone to connect buildings to corporate offices
62. Descriptions of fiber-optic media are provided in the table. Check the appropriate field to match
the description to the fiber-optic cable.
Cisco Semester 1 – Introduction to Networks 5.0
17
Robb Jones
Chapter 4
Frederick County Career & Tech Center, MD
63. List and explain some of the concerns about using wireless networks.
a. ________coverage area______________________ –
amount of area it can cove
b. __________interfaces____________________ –
different security properties
c. __________security____________________ –
allowance of only people who has given access
64. List the common data communications standards that apply to wireless media.
a. 802.11
Cisco Semester 1 – Introduction to Networks 5.0
18
Robb Jones
Chapter 4
Frederick County Career & Tech Center, MD
b. 802.15
c. 802.16
65. What two devices are required for wireless network?
a. wap
b. WNIC
66. List the maximum speed for each of the following wireless standards.
a. 802.11a
b. 802.11b
c. 802.11g
d. 802.11n
e. 802.11ac
f. 802.11ad
__54 mb/s____________
__11 mb/s____________
__54 mb/s____________
__600 mb/s____________
__1.3 gb/s____________
__7 gb/s____________
67. What is the distance range for the 802.11n standard?
70 meters
4.3 Data Link Layer Protocols
68. What are the two Layer 2 or data link layer basic services?
a. accepts layer 3 packets
b. controls media access control
69. The data link layer is actually divided into two sublayers. List and explain both.
Cisco Semester 1 – Introduction to Networks 5.0
19
Robb Jones
Chapter 4
Frederick County Career & Tech Center, MD
a. __________________________________ -
b. __________________________________ -
70. What is the media access control method?
71. Fill in the correct names of the frame field.
72. Write in the correct data link protocols under their standards organization.
Cisco Semester 1 – Introduction to Networks 5.0
20
Robb Jones
Chapter 4
Frederick County Career & Tech Center, MD
4.4 Media Access Control
73. List and explain the two different ways LAN and WAN topologies can be viewed.
a. ______________________________ –
b. ______________________________ –
Cisco Semester 1 – Introduction to Networks 5.0
21
Robb Jones
Chapter 4
Frederick County Career & Tech Center, MD
74. List and explain the three common physical WAN topologies.
a. ______________________________ –
b. ______________________________ –
c. ______________________________ –
75. What is a virtual circuit?
76. Explain the following terms.
a. Half-duplex communication –
b. Full-duplex communication –
Cisco Semester 1 – Introduction to Networks 5.0
22
Robb Jones
Chapter 4
Frederick County Career & Tech Center, MD
77. Identify the following physical topologies.
a. _____________________________________
b. _____________________________________
c. _____________________________________
d. _____________________________________
78. List and explain the two basic media access control methods for shared media.
a. ___________________________________ –
b. ___________________________________ –
Cisco Semester 1 – Introduction to Networks 5.0
23
Robb Jones
Chapter 4
Frederick County Career & Tech Center, MD
79. What is the purpose of Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA)
80. If the CSMA process fails, what happens?
81. Explain in detail how CSMA/CD and CSMA/CA work.
a. Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) –
b. Carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) –
82. Controlled access can be inefficient because a device has to wait for its turn before it can use the
medium. List two controlled access examples.
a.
b.
Cisco Semester 1 – Introduction to Networks 5.0
24
Robb Jones
Chapter 4
Frederick County Career & Tech Center, MD
83. Mark the data link layer media access control methods as either a physical topology or logical
topology.
84. List and explain the three fields of an Ethernet frame header.
a. _______________________________________________ –
b. _______________________________________________ –
c. _______________________________________________ –
Cisco Semester 1 – Introduction to Networks 5.0
25
Robb Jones
Chapter 4
Frederick County Career & Tech Center, MD
85. Data link layer protocols add a trailer to the end of each frame. The trailer is used to determine if
the frame arrived without error. List and explain the two sections included in the trailer.
a. _______________________________________________ –
b. _______________________________________________ –
86. Ethernet is the dominant LAN technology. Which IEEE standards define it?
a.
b.
87. PPP establishes logical connections, called _______________________, between two nodes.
Cisco Semester 1 – Introduction to Networks 5.0
26
Robb Jones
Chapter 4
Frederick County Career & Tech Center, MD
88. Fill in the blanks to label each of the following frames.
Cisco Semester 1 – Introduction to Networks 5.0
27
Robb Jones
Chapter 4
Frederick County Career & Tech Center, MD
Cisco Semester 1 – Introduction to Networks 5.0
28
Robb Jones
Chapter 4
Frederick County Career & Tech Center, MD